56
Views
82
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The China Clipper — fast advective transport of radon-rich air from the Asian boundary layer to the upper troposphere near California

, &
Pages 46-61 | Received 01 Nov 1988, Accepted 05 Jun 1989, Published online: 18 Jan 2017

References

  • Andreae, M. O., Berresheim, H., Andreae, T. W., Kritz, M. A., Bates T. S. and Merrill, J. T. 1988. Vertical distribution of dimethylsulfide, sulfur di-oxide, aerosol ions, and radon over the northeast Pacific Ocean. J. Atmos. Chem. 6, 149–173.
  • Broecker, W. E. and Peng, T.-H. 1971. The vertical distribution of radon in the BOMEX area. Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett. 11, 99–108.
  • Cox, W. M., Blanchard, R. L. and Kahn, B. 1970. Relation of radon concentration in the atmosphere to total moisture detention in soil and atmospheric thermal stability. In: Radionuclides in the environment (ed. R. F. Gould). Advances in Chemistry Series, 93. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 436–446.
  • Danielsen, E. F. 1959. The laminar structure of the atmosphere and its relation to the concept of the tropopause. Arch. Meteorol. Geophys. Bioklimatol. Ser. B11, 293–332.
  • Danielsen, E. F. 1961. Trajectories: isobaric, isentropic and actual. J. Meteorol. 18, 479–486.
  • Danielsen, E. F. 1974. Review of trajectory methods. In: Adv. Geophys., vol. 18B. New York: Academic Press, 73–94.
  • Danielsen, E. F. 1977. Inherent difficulties in hail probability prediction. In: Hail: A review of hail science and hail supression, Meteor. Monogr., no. 38 (eds. G. B. Foote and C. A. Knight). Amer. Meteor. Soc., 135–143.
  • Danielsen, E. F. 1980. Stratospheric source for un-expectedly large values of ozone measured over the Pacific Ocean during Gametag, August, 1977. J. Geophys. Res. 85, 401–412.
  • Danielsen, E. F., Gaines, S. E., Hipskind, S., Gregory, G. L., Sachse, G. W. and Hill, G. F. 1987. Meteoro-logical context for Fall [GTE] experiments including distributions of water vapor, ozone and carbon mon-oxide, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 1986–1994.
  • Dickerson, R. R., Huffman, G. J., Luke, W. T., Nunnermacker, L. J., Pickering, K. E., Leslie, A. C. D., Lindsey, C. GF., Slinn, W. G. N., Kelly, T. J., Daum, P. H., Delany, A. C., Greenberg, J. P., Zimmerman, P. R., Boatman, J. F., Ray, J. D. and Stedman, D. H. 1987. Thunderstorms: an important mechanism in the transport of air pollutants. Science 235, 460–465.
  • Duce, R. A., Unni, C. K., Ray, B. J., Prospero, J. M. and Merrill, J. T. 1980. Long-range atmospheric transport of soil dust from Asia to the tropical North Pacific: Temporal variability. Science 209, 1522–1524.
  • Ehhalt, D. H., Rudolph, J., Meixner, F. and Schmidt, U. 1985. Measurements of selected C2-05 hydro-carbons in the background troposphere: vertical and latitudinal variations. J. Atmos. Chem. 3,29–52.
  • Evans, R. D. 1955. The atomic nucleus. New York: McGraw-Hill, 972 pp.
  • Gidel, L. 1983. Cumulus cloud transport of transient tracers. J. Geophys. Res. 88, 6587–6599.
  • Gold, S., Barkhau, H. W., Shleien, B. and Kahn, B. 1964. Measurement of naturally occurring radio-nuclides in air. In: The natural radiation environment (eds. J. A. S. Adams and W. M. Lowder). Chicago: Univ. Press, 369–382.
  • Jacobi, W. and Andre, K. 1963. The vertical distri-bution of Radon-222, Radon-220 and their decay products in the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 68, 3799–3814.
  • Jegou, A. 1983. Optimisation d'un appareillage de mesure du radon 222 dans la haute troposphere et la basse stratosphere, Memoire Diplome Ingenieur, Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, Paris.
  • Kritz, M. A. 1975. An advective hypothesis for the origin of the stratospheric aerosol layer. J. de Physique 36, C8–17.
  • Lambert, G., Polian, G., Sanak, J., Ardouin, B., Buisson, A., Jegou, A. and Le Roulley, J. C. 1982. Cycle du radon et de ses descendants: application a l'etude des echanges troposphere-stratosphere. Ann. Geophys. 38, 497–531.
  • Larson, R. E. 1973. Measurements of radioactive aerosols using thin plastic scintillators. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. 108, 467–470.
  • Larson, R. E. 1978. Radon-222 measurements during marine fog events off Nova Scotia. J. Geophys. Res. 83, 415–418.
  • Larson, R. E., Lamontagne, R. A., Wilkness, P. E. and Wittmann, W. I. 1972. Radon-222, CO, CH4 and continental dust over the Greenland and Norwegian Seas. Nature 240, 345–347.
  • Liu, S. C., McAfee, J. R. and Cicerone, R. J. 1984. Radon 222 and tropospheric vertical transport. J. Geophys. Res. 89, 7291–7297.
  • Merrill, J. T., Bleck, R. and Avila, L. 1985. Modelling atmospheric transport to the Marshall Islands. J. Geophys. Res. 90, 12,927-12,936.
  • Moore, H. E., Poet, S. E. and Martell, E. A. 1973. Rn-222, Pb-210, Bi-210 and Po-210 profiles and aerosol residence times versus altitude. J. Geophys. Res. 78, 7065–7075.
  • Newell, R. E., Shipley, S. T., Connors, V. S. and Reichle, H. G. Jr. 1988. Regional studies of potential carbon monoxide sources based on space shuttle and aircraft measurements. J. Atmos. Chem. 6, 61–82.
  • Newton, C. W. 1966. Circulations in large sheared cumulonimbus. Tellus 18, 699–722.
  • Polian, G. 1984. Les transports atmospheriques dans l'hemisphere sud, et le bilan global du radon 222. These de docteur de l'Universite, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris.
  • Polian, G., Lambert, G., Ardouin, B. and Jegou, A. 1986. Longrange transport of continental radon in subantarctic and antarctic regions. Tellus 38B, 178–189.
  • Prospero, J. M. and Carlson, T. N. 1970. Radon-222 in the North Atlantic trade winds: relationship to dust transport from Africa. Science 167, 974–977.
  • Uematsu, M., Duce, R. A., Prospero, J. M., Chen, L., Merrill, J. T. and McDonald, R. L. 1983. Transport of mineral aerosol from Asia over the North Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 88, 5343–5352.
  • Turekian, K. K., Nozaki, Y. and Benninger, L. K. 1977. Geochemistry of atmospheric radon and radon products. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 5, 227–255.
  • Wexler, H., Machta, L., Pack, D. H. and White, F. D. 1956. Atomic energy and meteorology. Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Peaceful Uses At. Energy (1955), 13,333.
  • Wilkening, M. H. 1970. Radon 222 concentrations in the convective patterns of a mountain environment. J. Geophys. Res. 75, 1733–1740.
  • Wilkness, P. E., Lamontagne, R. A., Larson, R. E., Swinnerton, J. W., Dickerson, C. B. and Thompson, T. 1973. Atmospheric Trace Gases in the Southern Hemisphere. Nature Phys. Sci. 245, 45–47.
  • Wilkness, P. E. and Larson, R. E. 1984. Atmospheric radon measurements in the Arctic; fronts, seasonal observations and transport of continental air to polar regions. J. Atmos. Sci. 41, 2347–2358.