100
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Factors governing cloud water composition in the Appalachian mountains

, , &
Pages 435-453 | Received 20 Dec 1989, Accepted 06 Jun 1990, Published online: 18 Jan 2017

References

  • Barchett, W. R. and Davis, W. E. 1984. A weather pattern climatology for the United States. PNL-4889, Battelle Pacific Northwest Lab, Richland, WA.
  • Box, G. E. P., Hunter, W. G. and Hunter, J. S. 1978. Statistics for Experimenters. John Wiley, New York. 635 pp.
  • Easter, R. C. and Luecken, D. J. 1988. A simulation of sulfur wet deposition and its dependence on the inflow of sulfur species to storms. Atmos. Environ. 22, 12,2715–2739.
  • Fowler, D., Cape, J. N., Leith, I. D., Choularton, T. W., Gay, M. J. and Jones, A. 1988. The influence of altitude on rainfall composition at Great Dunn Fell. Atmos. Environ. 22 (7), 1355–1371.
  • Falconer, R. E. and Falconer, P. D. 1980. Determination of cloud-water acidity at a mountain observatory in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State. J. Geophys. Res. 85C, 7465–7470.
  • Geladi, P. and Kowalski, B. R. 1985. Partial least squares regression: a tutorial. Anal. Chim. Acta 185, 1–32.
  • Gerber, H. 1984. Liquid water content in fogs and hazes from visible light scattering. J. Clim. Appl. Met. 23, 1247–1252.
  • Heffter, J. L. 1980. Air Resources Laboratory Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Model (ARL-ATAD) NOAA Tech. Mem. ARL-81 Silver Spring, MD.
  • Junge, C. 1963. Air Chemistry and Radioactivity. Academic Press, New York.
  • Kahl, J. D. and Samson, P. J. 1988. Trajectory sensitivity to rawindsonde data resolution. Atmos. Environ. 22 (7), 1291–1299.
  • Kadlecek, J. A., Arons, T., Cohen, I., McLaren, S. and Pratt, R. 1988. Wintertime trace gas and cloudwater chemistry studies. Report to Empire State Electric Energy Research Corporation, Atmos. Sci. Res. Center, SUNY-Albany, NY.
  • Kins, L., Mueller, K. P. and Meixner, F. X. 1988. Experiment Alsdan (1985): Some preliminary results of height resolved measurements of trace gases, aerosol composition, cloud- and precipitation water. In: Acid Deposition at High Elevations. NATO ASI Series, Vol. 252 (eds. M. H. Unsworth and D. Fowler). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, pp. 375–394.
  • Lazrus, A. L., Haagenson, P. L., Kok, G. L., Huebert, B. J., Kreitzberg, C. W., Likens, G. E., Mohnen, V. A., Wilson, W. E. and Winchester, J. W. 1983. Acidity in air and water in a case of frontal precipitation. Atmos. Environ. 17 (3), 581–591.
  • Lorber, A., Wangen, L. E. and Kowalski, B. R. 1987. Theoretical basis for partial least squares regression. J. Chemometrics 1, 19.
  • Martens, H. 1985. Multivariate calibration: quantitative interpretation of non-selective chemical data, PhD thesis, Norwegian Inst. of Technology, University of Trondheim, Norway, 522 pp.
  • Mohnen, V. A. 1988. Exposure of forests to air pollutants, clouds, precipitation and climatic variables. EPA AREAL Report. Contract No. CR 813934-01-2. Research Triangle Park, NC.
  • Mohnen, V. A. 1990. An assessment of atmospheric exposure and deposition to high elevation forests in the eastern United States, report to U.S. EPA AREAL, MD-76, Research Triangle Park, NC.
  • Mohnen, V. A. and Kadlecek, J. A. 1989. Cloud chemistry research at Whiteface Mountain. Tellus 41B, 79–91.
  • Morgan, J. J. 1982. Factors governing the pH, availability of H+, and oxidation capacity of rain. In: Atmospheric Chemistry (ed. E. D. Goldberg). Dahlem Konferenzen 1982, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 17–40.
  • Pinnick, R. G., Garvey, D. M. and Duncan, L. D. 1981. Calibration of Knollenberg FSSP light scattering counters for measurement of cloud droplets. J. App. Meteor. 20, 1049–1057.
  • Pruppacher, H. R. and Klett, H. R. 1980. Microphysics of clouds and precipitation. D. Reidel Publ., Dordrecht, Holland, p. 18.
  • Reisinger, L. M. and Imhoff, R. E. 1989. Analysis of summertime cloud water measurements made in a southern Appalachian spruce forest. Water, Air, and Soil Poll. 45, 1–15.
  • Rodhe, H. 1974. Some aspects on the use of trajectories for the computation of large scale dispersion and fallout patterns. Advances in Geophysics I8B, 95–109.
  • SAS Users Guide and STAT Guide, 1985, version 5. Available from SAS Institute, Inc., Box 8000, Cary, NC 27511.
  • Sampson, P. and Guttorp, P. 1990. Testing interaction in 2 x 2 designs using transformed data. American Statistician.
  • Saxena, V. K., Stogner, R. E., Hendler, A. H., DeFelice, T. P., Lin, N. J. and Yeh, R. J. 1989. Monitoring the chemical climate of the Mt Mitchell State Park for evaluation of its impact on forest decline. Tellus 4IB, 92–109
  • Sigmon, J. T., Gilliam, F. S. and Partin, M. E. 1989. Precipitation and throughfall chemistry for a montane hardwood ecosystem: potential for contributions from cloud water. Canad. J. For. Res. 19, 1240–1247.
  • Valente, R. J., Mallant, R. A. M., McLaren, S., Schemenauer, R. and Stogner, R. 1989. Field intercomparison of ground based cloud physics instruments at Whitetop Mountain, Virginia. J. Atmos. Oceanic. Technol. 6,396–406.
  • Vong, R. J., Mohnen, V., Kadlecek, J., Bailey, B., Mueller, S., Meagher, J. and Baumgardner, R. 1990. Network Measurements of Droplet Deposition of Atmospheric Pollutants. In: NAPAP State of Science&Technology Report #6 (ed. D. Sisterson). National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Washington, DC, June 1990.
  • Vong, R. J., Hansson, H.-C., Covert, D. S. and Charlson, R. J. 1988a. Acid rain: simultaneous observations of a natural marine background and its acidic sulfate aerosol precursor. Geophys. Res. Lett. 15 4, 338–341.
  • Vong, R. J., Geladi, P., Wold, S. and Esbensen, K. 1988b. Source contributions to ambient aerosol calculated by discriminant Partial Least Squares (PLS). J. Chemometrics 2, 281–296.
  • Vong, R. J., Moseholm, L., Covert, D. S., Sampson, P.,
  • O'Loughlin, J. F., Stevenson, M., Charlson, R. J., Zoller, W. H. and Larson, T. V. 1988c. Changes in rainwater acidity associated with closure of a copper smelter. J. Geophys. Res. 93D6, 7169–7179
  • Waller, R. A. and Duncan, D. B. 1969. A Bayes Rule for the Symmetric Multiple Comparison Problem. J. Amer. Stat. Assoc. 64, 1484–1499.
  • Wold, S. 1978. Cross-validatory estimation of the number of components in factor and principal components analysis. Technometrics 20, 198–200.