Influences on formation and dissipation of high arctic fogs during summer and autumn and their interaction with aerosol

References

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   Google Scholar
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   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreas, E. L., Paulsson, C. A., Williams, R. M., Lindsay, R. W. and Bussinger, J. A. 1979. The turbulent heat flux from Arctic leads, Boundary Layer Meteorology, 17, 57–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigg, E. K. 1996. Ion induced nucleation around radon daughters in remote arctic maritime air. Tellus 48B, this issue.
   Google Scholar
• Bigg, E. K., Leck C. and Nilsson, E. D. 1996. Sudden changes in arctic atmospheric aerosol concentrations during summer and autumn. Tellus 48B, this issue.
   Google Scholar
• Bradley, R. S. and Keimig, F. T. 1993. Recent changes in the North American Arctic boundary layer in winter. J. Geophys. Res. , 98, D5,8851–8858.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brümmer B., Rump, B. and Kruspe, G. 1992. A cold air outbreak near Spitsbergen in springtime-boundary layer modification and cloud development. Boundary Layer MeteoroL 61, 13–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brümmer, B., Busack, B., Hoeber, H. and Kruspe, G. 1994. Boundary-layer observations over water and Arctic sea-ice during on-ice air flow. Boundary-Layer MeteoroL 68, 75–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlström, A. and Ulander, L. M. H. 1993. C-band back-scatter signatures of old sea ice in the central Arctic during Freeze-up. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 31, 4, 819–829.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung, T. K. 1991. Sodar observations of the stable lower atmospheric boundary layer at Barrow, Alaska. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 57, 251–274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covert, D. S., Wiedensohler, A., Aalto, P., Heintzenberg, J., McMurry, P. H. and Leck, C., 1996. Aerosol number size distributions from 3 to 500 nm diameter in the arctic marine boundary layer during summer and autumn. Tellus 48B, this issue.
   Google Scholar
• Curry, J. A. and Herman, G. F. 1985. Infrared properties of summertime Arctic stratus clouds. J. Clim. Appl. Met. 24, 525–538.
   Google Scholar
• Curry, J. A. 1986. Interactions among turbulence, radiation and microphysics in the Arctic stratus clouds. J. Atm. Sci. 43, 90–106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curry, J. A., Ebert, E. E. and Herman, G. F. 1988. Mean and turbulence structure of the summertime Arctic cloudy boundary layer. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 114, 715–746.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curry, J. A. and Ebert, E. E. 1992. Annual cycle of radiative fluxes over the Arctic Ocean: sensitivity to cloud optical properties. J. Clim. 5, 1267–1280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duynkerke, P. G. 1991. Observations of a quasi-periodic oscillation due to gravity waves in a shallow radiation fog. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 117, 1207–1224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis, J. F., Ackerman, T. P., Katsaros, K. B., Lind R. J. and Davidson, K. L. 1991. A comparison of radiation budgets in the Fram Strait summer marginal ice zone. J. Climate 4, 218–235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser, A. B. 1983. Chasing rainbows. Weatherwise 36, 280–289.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, D. C. 1960. Forecasting summer fog in the central Arctic. M.Sc. thesis, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Herman, G. and Goody, R. 1976. Formation and persistence of summertime Arctic stratus clouds. J. Atm. Sci. 33, 1537–1553.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman, G. F. and Curry, J. A. 1984. Observational and theoretical studies of solar radiation in Arctic stratus clouds. J. Clim. Appl. Met. 23, 5–24
   Google Scholar
• Kumai, M. 1973. Arctic fog droplet size distribution and its effect on light Attenuation. J. Atm. Sci. 30, 635–643.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leck, C., Bigg, E. K., Covert, D. S., Heintzenberg, J., Maenhaut, W., Nilsson E. D. and Wiedensohler, A. 1996. Overview of the Atmospheric research program during the Interational Arctic Ocean Expedition of 1991 (IAOE-91) and its scientific results. Tellus 48B, this issue.
   Google Scholar
• Liljequist, G. H. 1958. Long-wave radiation and turbulent heat transfer in the Antarctic winter and the development of surface inversions. Polar Atmosphere Symposium, Part 1, Meteorology Section, ed.: Sutcliffe, R. C. AGARD-NATO Symposium, Oslo, 2-8 July 1956.
   Google Scholar
• Maykut, G. A. 1978. Energy exchange over young sea ice in the central Arctic. J. Geophys. Res. 83, C7, 3646–3658.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrath, R. 1989. Trajectory models and their use in the Irish Meteorological Service. Memorandum no. 112/89, Irish Meteorological Service, Dublin.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, H. K. 1955. Das Wetter der Mlle des Nordpols. Meteorologische Rundschau, 8 Jahrgang, Heft 1/2, 81–87.
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson, E. D. 1996. Planetary boundary layer structure and air mass transport during the International Arctic Ocean Expedition 1991. Tellus 48B, this issue.
   Google Scholar
• Overland, J. E. and Guest, P. S. 1991. The Arctic snow and air temperature budget over sea ice during winter. .1. Geophys. Res. 96, C3,4651–4662.
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro, M. A. and Fedor, L.S. 1986. The Arctic expedition 1984: Research aircraft observations of fronts and polar lows over the Norwegian and Barents sea, Part 1. NOAA/ERL/Wavepropagation laboratory, Boulder CO 80303, USA, 56 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Silverman, B. A. and Weinstein, Al. 1974. “Fog” weather and climate modification, W. Hess (ed.). New York, John Wiley and Sons, p. 355.
   Google Scholar
• Sverdrup, H. U. 1930a. Norwegian north polar expedition 1918-1925, Meteorology, Part I, Discussion, vol II. Geofysisk Institutt, Bergen, A. S. John Griegs boktryckeri.
   Google Scholar
• Sverdrup, H. U. 1930b. Norwegian north polar expedition 1918-1925, Meteorology, Part II, Tables, vol. II. Geofysisk Institutt, Bergen, A. S. John Griegs boktryckeri.
   Google Scholar
• Voskresensky, A. I. 1969. Mikrofizicheskaia struktura letnikh tumanov v Arktike. [Microphysical structure of summer fogs in the Arctic.] Leningrad Arkticheskii i Antarkticheskii Nauchno—Issledovatel'skii Institut, Trudy, 287,69–80.
   Google Scholar
• Vowinckel, E. and Orvig, S. 1962. Relation between solar radiation income and cloud type in the Arctic. J. Applied. Met. 1, 552–559.
   Google Scholar
• Vowinckel, E. and Orvig, S. 1970. The climate of the north polar basin, in climates of the polar regions, ed. S. Orvig. World Survey of Climatology, 14.
   Google Scholar
• Walter, B. A. and Overland, J. E. 1984. Observations of longitudinal rolls in a near neutral atmosphere. Month. Weath. Rev. 112, 200–208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walter, B. A. and Overland, J. E. 1991. Aircraft observations of the mean and turbulent structure of the atmospheric boundary layer during spring in the central Arctic. J. Geophys. Res. 96, C3,4663–4673.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar