Temporal variations of the CO₂ concentration and its carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios in a temperate forest in the central part of the main island of Japan

References

• Beardsmore, D. J. and Pearman, G. I. 1987. Atmospheric carbon dioxide measurements in the Australian region: Data from surface observations. Tellus 39B, 42–66.
   Google Scholar
• Bottinga, Y. and Craig, H. 1969. Oxygen isotope fractionation between CO2 and water, and the isotopic composition of marine atmospheric CO2. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 55, 285–296.
   Google Scholar
• Ciais, P., Tans, P. P., White, J. W. C., Trolier, M., Francey, R. J., Berry, J. A., Randall, D. R., Sellers, P. J., Collatz, J. G. and Schimel, D. S. 1995a. Partitioning of ocean and land uptake of CO2 as inferred by 413C measurements from the NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory global air sampling net-work. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 5051–5070.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciais, P., Tans, P. P., Troiler, M., White, J. W. C. and Francey, R. J. 1995b. A large northern hemisphere terrestrial CO2 sink indicated by the 13C/12C ratio of atmospheric CO2. Science 269, 1098–1102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway, T. J., Tans, P. P., Waterman, L. S., Thoning, K. W., Kitzis, R. D., Masarie, K. A. and Zhang, N. 1994. Evidence of interannual variability of the carbon cycle from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Global Sampling Network. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 22831–22855.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dansgaard, W. 1964. Stable isotopes in precipitation. Tellus 16, 436–468.
   Google Scholar
• Dongmann, G. and Nurnberg, H. W. 1974. On the enrichment of H218O in the leaves of transpiring plants. Rad. and Environ. Biophys. 11, 41–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farquhar, G. D., Lloyd, J., Taylor, J. A., Flanagan, L. B., Syvertsen, J. P. and Ehleringer, J. A. 1993. Vegetation effects on the isotope composition of oxygen in atmospheric CO2. Nature 363, 439–443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farquhar, G. D. and Lloyd, J. 1993. Carbon and oxygen isotope effects in the exchange of carbon dioxide between terrestrial plants and the atmosphere. In: Stable isotopes and plant carbon-water relations (eds. Ehleringer, J. R., Hall, A. H. and Farquhar, G. D.). Academic Press, San Diego, USA, 47–70.
   Google Scholar
• Förstel, H. 1982. 180/160-ratio of water in plants and in their environment (Results from FED. PEP. Germany). In: Stable isotopes (eds. Schmidt, H. L., Förstel, H. and Heinziger, K.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, Holland, 503–509.
   Google Scholar
• Flanagan, L. B. and Ehleringer, J. R. 1991. Stable isotope composition of stem and leaf water: applications to the study of plant water use. Functional Ecology 5, 270–277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francey, R. J. and Tans, P. P. 1987. Latitudinal variation in oxygen 18 of atmospheric CO2. Nature 327, 495–497.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francey, R. J., Robbins, F. J., Allison, C. E. and Richards, N. G. 1990. The CSIRO global survey of CO2 stable isotopes. In: Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1988 (eds. Wilson, S. R. and Ayers, G. P.). Department of Administrative Service/Bureau of Meteorology in cooperation with CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research Cape Grim BAPS, Tasmania, Australia, 16–27.
   Google Scholar
• Francey, R. J., Tans, P. P., Allison, C. E., Enting, I. G., White, J. W. and Trolier, M. 1995. Changes in oceanic and terrestrial carbon uptake since 1982. Nature 373, 326–330.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedli, H., Siegenthaler, U., Rauber, D. and Oeschger, H. 1987. Measurements of concentration, 13C/12C and 180/160 ratios of tropospheric carbon dioxide over Switzerland. Tellus 39B, 80–88.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, I. and O'Neil, J. R. 1977. Chapter KK, Compilation of stable isotope fractionation factors of geo-chemical interest. In: Data of geochemistry, 6th edition, Geological Survey Professional Paper, 440-KK (ed. Fleischer, M.). United States Government Printing Office, Washington, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Fung, I., Tucker, C. J. and Prentice, K. 1987. Application of advanced very high resolution radiometer vegeta-tion index to study atmosphere-biosphere exchange of CO2. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 2999–3015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamo, T., Tsutsumi, M., Sakai, H., Nakazawa, T., Tanaka, M., Honda, H., Kubo, H. and Itoh, T. 1989. Carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios of carbon dioxide of a stratospheric profile over Japan. Tellus 41B, 127–133.
   Google Scholar
• Gamo, T., Tsutsumi, M., Sakai, H., Nakazawa, T., Mach-ida, T., Honda, H. and Itoh, T. 1995. Long-term mon-itoring of carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of stratospheric CO2 over Japan. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 397–400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesterberg, R. and Siegenthaler, U. 1991. Production and stable isotopic composition of CO2 in a soil near Bern, Switzerland. Tellus 43B, 197–205.
   Google Scholar
• IAEA. 1995. Reference and intercomparison materials for stable isotopes of light elements. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
   Google Scholar
• Jacob, H. and Sonntag, C. 1991. An 8-year record of the seasonal variation of 21-I and 180 in atmospheric water vapor and precipitation at Heidelberg, Germany. Tellus 43B, 291–300.
   Google Scholar
• Keeling, C. D., Carter, A. F. and Mook, W. G. 1984. Seasonal, latitudinal and secular variations in the abundance and isotopic ratios of carbon dioxide (2). Results from oceanographic cruises in the tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 89, 4615–4628.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeling, C. D., Bacastow, R. B., Carter, A. F., Piper, S. C., Whorf, T. P., Heimann, M., Mook, W. G. and Roeloffzen, H. 1989a. A three-dimensional model of atmospheric CO2 transport based on observed winds. (1) Analysis of observed data. In: AGU Monograph 55. American Geophysical Union, Washington, USA, 165–236.
   Google Scholar
• Keeling, C. D., Piper, S. C. and Heimann, M. 1989b. A three-dimensional model of atmospheric CO2 trans-port based on observed winds (4): Mean annual gradi-ents and interannual variations. In: AGU Monograph 55. American Geophysical Union, Washington, USA, 305–362.
   Google Scholar
• Keeling, C. D., Whorf, T. P., Wahlen, M. and var der Plicht, J. 1995. Interannual extremes in the rate of rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1980. Nature 375, 666–670
   Google Scholar
• Lloyd, J. and Taylor, J. A. 1994. On the temperature dependence of soil respiration. Functional Ecology 8, 315–323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizota, C. and Kusakabe, M. 1994. Spatial distribution of 6D-(5'80 values of surface and shallow ground-waters from Japan, South Korea and east China. Geo-chem. J. 28, 387–410.
   Google Scholar
• Mook, W. G., Koopmans, M., Carter, A. F. and Keeling, C. D. 1983. Seasonal, latitudinal and secular variations in the abundance and isotopic ratios of carbon dioxide (1) Results from land stations. J. Geophys. Res. 88, 10915–10933.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murayama, S., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Morimoto, S., Shimizu, A., Hayashi, M., Kawaguchi, S. and Tanaka, M. 1996. Measurements of the oxygen iso-topic ratio of atmospheric CO2 at Syowa Station, Antarctica. Proc. NIPR Symp. Polar Meteorol. Glaciol. 10, 92–101.
   Google Scholar
• Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Murayama, S., Fukabori, M., Yamanouchi, T., Murayama, H., Shiobara, M., Hash-ida, G., Kawaguchi, S. and Tanaka, T. 1991. The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide at the Japanese Antarctic Station, Syowa. Tellus 43B, 126–135.
   Google Scholar
• Nakazawa, T., Murayama, S., Miyashita, K., Aoki, S. and Tanaka, M. 1992. Longitudinally different vari-ations of lower tropospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the North Pacific Ocean. Tellus 44B, 161–172.
   Google Scholar
• Nakazawa, T., Morimoto, S., Aoki, S. and Tanaka, M. 1993. Time and space variations of the carbon isotopic ratio of tropospheric carbon dioxide over Japan. Tellus 45B, 258–274.
   Google Scholar
• Nakazawa, T., Morimoto, S., Aoki, S. and Tanaka, M. 1997a. Temporal and spatial variations of the carbon isotopic ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the western Pacific region. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 1271–1285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakazawa, T., Sugawara, S., Inoue, G., Machida, T. and Mukai, H. 1997b. Aircraft measurements of the concentrations of CO2, CH4, N2O and CO and the carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios of CO2 in the troposphere over Russia. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 3843–3859.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakazawa, T., Ishizawa, M., Higuchi, K. and Trivett, N. B. A. 1997c. Two curve fitting methods applied to CO2 flask data. EnvironMetrics, in press.
   Google Scholar
• Pearman, G. I. and Beardsmore, D. J. 1984. Atmospheric carbon dioxide measurements in the Australian region: Ten years of aircraft data. Tellus 36B, 1–24.
   Google Scholar
• Pearman, G. I. and Hyson, P. 1986. Global transport and inter-reservoir exchange of carbon dioxide with particular reference to stable isotopic distributions. J. Atmos. Chem. 4, 81–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schimel, D., Enting, I. G., Heimann, M., Wigley, T. M. L., Raynaudo, D., Alves, D. and Siegenthaler, U. 1995. CO2 and the carbon cycle. In: Climate change 1994: Radiative forcing of climate change and an evaluation of the IPCC IS92 emission scenarios (eds. Houghton, J. T., Meira Filho, L. G., Bruce, J., Lee, H., Callender, B. A., Haites, E., Harris, N. and Maskell, K.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 35–71.
   Google Scholar
• Siegenthaler, U. and Miinnich, K. O. 1981. 13C/12C fractionation during CO2 transfer from air to sea. In: SCOPE 16: Carbon cycle modeling (ed. Bolin, B.). John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK, 246–257.
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka, M., Nakazawa, T. and Aoki, S. 1983a. High quality measurements of the concentration of atmo-spheric carbon dioxide. J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan 61, 678–685.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka, M., Nakazawa, T. and Aoki, S. 1983b. Concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide over Japan. J. Geophys. Res. 88, 1339–1344.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka, M., Nakazawa, T., Shiobara, M., Ohshima, H., Aoki, S., Fukabori, M., Kawaguchi, S., Yamanou-chi, T., Makino, T. and Murayama, H. 1987a. Vari-ations of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration at Syowa Station (69°00'S, 39°35'E), Antarctica. Tellus 39B, 72–79.
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka, M., Nakazawa, T. and Aoki, S. 1987b. Time and space variations of tropospheric carbon dioxide over Japan. Tellus 39B, 3–12.
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka, M., Nakazawa, T. and Aoki, S. 1987c. Seasonal and meridional variations of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the lower troposphere of the northern and southern hemispheres. Tellus 39B, 29–41.
   Google Scholar
• Tans, P. P., Francey, R. J. and Pearman, G. I. 1985. Large scale variations in the (PO of tropospheric CO2. In: Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1983-1984 (eds. Francey, R. J. and Forgen, B. W.). Department of Administrative Service/Bureau of Met-eorology in cooperation with CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research Cape Grim BAPS, Tasmania, Australia, 10–14.
   Google Scholar
• Trivett, N. B. A., Higuchi, K. and Symington, S. 1989. Trends and seasonal cycles of atmospheric CO2 over Alert, Sable Island, and Cape St. James, as analyzed by forward stepwise multiple regression technique. In: The statistical treatment of CO2 data records, NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL ARL-173 (ed. Elliott, W. P.). Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 27–42.
   Google Scholar
• Trolier, M., White, J. W. C., Tans, P. P., Masarie, K. A. and Gemery, P. A. 1996. Monitoring the isotopic composition atmospheric CO2: Measurements from NOAA Global Air Sampling Network. J. Geophys. Res. 101,25897–25916.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waseda, A. and Nakai, N. 1983. Isotopic compositions of meteoric and surface waters in Central and Northeast Japan (in Japanese, with English abstract). Chikyu Kagaku 17,83–91.
   Google Scholar
• White, J. W. C. and Gedzelman, S. D. 1984. The isotopic composition of atmospheric water vapor and the concurrent meteorological conditions. J. Geopys. Res. 89, 4937–4939.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yakir, D. and Wang, X. F. 1996. Fluxes of CO2 and water between terrestrial vegetation and the atmo-sphere estimated from isotope measurements. Nature 380, 515–517.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yung, Y. L., DeMore, W. B. and Pinto, J. P. 1991. Isotope exchange between carbon dioxide and ozone via O(1D) in the stratosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 18, 13–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yursever, Y. and Gat, J. R. 1981. Atmospheric waters, Stable Isotope Hydrology. In: Deuterium and oxygen-18 in water cycle (eds. Gat, J. R. and Gonfiantini, R.). IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 103–142.
   Google Scholar
• Zundel, G., Miekeley W., Grisi B. M. and Förstel, H. 1978. The H218O enrichment in the leaf water of tropic trees: composition of species from the tropical rain forest and the semi-arid region in Brazil. Rad. and Environ. Biophys. 15, 203–212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar