88
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A modelling study on the activation of small Aitken-mode aerosol particles during CIME 97

, , , &
Pages 959-979 | Received 18 Dec 1999, Accepted 05 Jul 1999, Published online: 15 Dec 2016

  • Arends, B. G., Kos, G. P. A., Maser, R., Schell, D., Wobrock, W., Winkler, P., Ogren, J. A., Noone, K. J., Hallberg, A., Sveningsson, I. B., Wiedensohler, A., Hansson, H.-C., Berner, A., Sooly, I. and Kruisz, C. 1994. Microphysics of clouds at Kleiner Feldberg. J. Atmos. Chem. 19, 59–86.
  • Baker, M. B. and Latham, J. 1979. The evolution of droplet spectra and rate of production of embryonic rain drops in small cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 36, 1612–1615.
  • Baker, M. B. and Latham, J. 1982. A diffusive model of the turbulent mixing of dry and cloudy air. J. Atmos. Sci. 108, 871–898.
  • Baker, M. B., Corbin, R. G. and Latham, J. 1980. The influence of entrainment on the evolution of cloud droplet spectra (I). A model of inhomogeneous mixing. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 106, 581–598.
  • Bruintjes, R. T., Clark, T. L. and Hall, W. D. 1995. The dispersion of tracer plumes in mountainous regios in Central Arizona. Comparison between observations and modelling results. J. Appl. Met. 34, 971–988.
  • CIME, 1998. Cloud ice mountain experiment final report (ed. Flossmann, A.). European Commission; ENV4-CT95-0012 (DG12-DTEE), available from the EC.
  • Clark, T. L. 1977. A small scale dynamic model using terrain-following coordinate transformation. J. Comput. Phys. 24, 186–215.
  • Clark, T. L. 1979. Numerical simulations with a three dimensional cloud model. J. Atmos. Sci. 36,2191–2215.
  • Clark T. L. and Gall, R. 1982. Three dimensional numerical model simulations of air flow over mountainous terrain. A comparison with observation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 110, 766–791.
  • Clark, T. L and Farley, R. D. 1984. Severe downslope windstorm calculations in two and three spatial dimensions using anelastic interactive grid nesting. J. Atmos. Sci. 41, 329–350.
  • Clark, T. L., Hall, W. D. and Banta, R. M. 1994. Two and three dimensional simulations of the 9 Jan 1989 severe Boulder windstorm: comparison with observation. J. Atmos. Sci. 51, 2317–2342.
  • Colvile, R. N., Sander, R., Choularton, T. W., Bower, K. N., Inglis, D. W., Wobrock, W., Schell, D., Sven-ningsson, I. B., Wiedersohler, A., Hansson, H.-C., Hallberg, A., Ogren, J. A., Noone, K. J., Facchini, M. C., Fuzzi, S., Orsi, G., Arends, B. G., Winni-warter, W., Schneider, T. and Berner, A. 1994. Computer modelling of clouds at Kleiner Feldberg. J. Atmos. Chem. 19, 189–229.
  • Flossmann, A. I. 1991. The scavenging of two different types of marine aerosol particles using a two-dimensional detailed cloud model. Tellus 43B, 301–321.
  • Flossmann, A. I. 1994. A 2-D spectral model simulation of the scavenging of gaseous and particulate sulfate by a warm marine cloud. J. Atmos. Res. 32, 255–268.
  • Flossmann, A. I. and Pruppacher, H. R. 1988. A theoretical study of the wet removal of atmospheric pollutants. Part III. J. Atmos. Sci. 45, 1857–1871.
  • Flossmann, A. I., Hall, W. D. and Pruppacher, H. R. 1985. A theoretical study of the wet removal of atmo-spheric pollutants. Part I. J. Atmos. Sci. 42, 582–606.
  • Flossmann, A. I., Pruppacher, H. R. and Topalian, J. H. 1987. A theoretical study of the wet removal of atmo-spheric pollutants. Part II. J. Atmos. Sci. 44, 2912–2923.
  • Hall, W. D. 1980. A detailed microphysical model within a two-dimensional dynamic framework: model description and preliminary results. J. Atmos. Res. 37, 2486–2507.
  • Hallberg, A., Ogren, J. A., Noone, K. J., Okada, K., Heintzenberg, J. and Sveningsson, I. B. 1994. The influence of aerosol particle composition on cloud droplet formation. J. Atmos. Chem. 19, 153–171.
  • Hallberg, A., Wobrock, W., Flossmann, A. I., Bower, K. N., Noone, K. J., Wiedensohler, A., Hansson, H.-C., Wendisch, M., Berner, A., Kruisz, C., Laj, P., Facchini, M. C., Fuzzi, S. and Arends, B. G. 1997. Microphysics of clouds: models vs. measurements. Atmos. Environ. 16, 2453–2462.
  • Hatzianastassiou, N., Wobrock, W. and Flossmann, A. I. 1998. The effect of cloud-processing of aerosol particles on clouds and radiation. Tellus 50B, 478–490.
  • IPCC. 1995. Climate change 1995. The science of climate change (eds. Houghton, J. T., Meira Filho, L. G., Callander, B. A., Harris, N., Kattenberg, A. and Maskell, K). Cambridge University Press.
  • Jaenicke, R. 1988. Aerosol physics and chemistry. In: Landolt-Boernstein: Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaften und Technick, V 4b. G. Fischer, ed. Berlin: Springer, 391–457.
  • Kulmala, M, Korhonen, P., Vesala, T., Hansson, H.-C., Noone, K. and Svenningsson, B. 1996. The effect of hydroscopicity on cloud formation. Tellus 48B, 347–360.
  • Laaksonen, A., Korhonen, P., Kulmala, M. and Charlson, R. J. 1998. Modification of the Kohler Equation to include soluble trace gases and slightly soluble substances. J. Atmos. Sci. 55, 853–862.
  • Laj, P., F1177i, S., Facchini, M. C., Orsi, G., Berner, A., Kruisz, C., Wobrock, W., Hallberg, A., Bower, K. N., Gallagher, M. W., Beswick, K. M., Colvile, R. N., Choularton, T. W., Nason, P. and Jones, B. 1997. Experimental evidence for in-cloud production of aerosol sulphate. Atmos. Environ. 31, 2503–2514.
  • Martinsson, B. G., Cederfelt, S. I., Svenningsson, B., Frank, G., Hansson, H.-C., Swietlicki, E. and Wieden-sohler, A. 1997. Experimental determination of the connection between cloud droplet size and its dry residue size. Atmos. Environ. 31, 2490–2499.
  • Noone, K. J., Ogren, J. A., Hallberg, A., Heintzenberg, J., Strom, J., Hansson, H.-C., Svenningsson, B., Wieden-sohler, A., Fuzzi, S., Facchini, M. C. and Berner, A. 1992. Changes in aerosol size and phase distribution due to physical and chemical processes in fog. Tellus 44B, 489–504.
  • Ogren, J. A., Heintzenberg, J. and Charlson, R. 1985. In situ sampling of clouds with a droplet to aerosol converter. Geophys. Res. Lett. 12, 121–123.
  • Pruppacher, H. R. and Klett, J. D. 1997. Microphysics of clouds and precipitation. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2nd revised and enlarged edition. 954 pp. Schell, D., Wobrock, W., Maser, R., Preiss, M., Jaeschke, W., Georgii, H.-W., Gallagher, M. W., Bower, K. N., Beswick, K. M., Pahl, S., Facchini, M. C., Fuzzi, S. Wiedensohler, A., Hansson, H.-C. and Wendisch, M. 1997. The size-dependent chemical composition of cloud droplets. Atmos. Environ. 31, 2561–2576.
  • Schwarzenböck, A., Heintzenberg, J. and Mertes, S. 1999. New minimum lower cut size for a counterflow virtual impactor complemented by the upper cut of an inter-stitial inlet. J. Aerosol Sci. 28, 277–278.
  • Schwarzenböck, A. 1998. Development and application of complementary hydrometeor and interstitial aerosol samplers. PhD thesis, available from University of Leipzig, Germany.
  • Schwarzenböck, A., Heintzenberg, J., Mertes, S. and Wie-densohler, A. 1998. Correlations of the partitioning fraction in clouds. J. Aerosol Sci. 29, 53–54.
  • Svenningsson, B., Hansson, H.-C., Wiedensohler, A., Ogren, J. A., Noone, K. J. and Hallberg, A. 1992. Hygroscopic growth of aerosl particles in the Po Valley. Tellus 44B, 556–569.
  • Svenningsson, B., Hansson, H.-C., Wiedensohler, A., Noone, K. J., Ogren, J. A., Hallberg, A. and Colvile, R. 1994. Hygroscopic growth of aerosol particles and its influence on nucleation scavenging in clouds: experimental results from Kleiner Feldberg. J. Atmos. Chem. 19, 129–152.
  • Svenningsson, B., Hansson, H.-C., Martinsson, B., Wied-ensohler, A., Swietlicki, E., Cederfelt, S.-I., Wend-isch, M., Bower, K. N., Choularton, T. W. and Colvile, R. N. 1997. Cloud droplet nucleation scavenging in relation to the size and hygroscopic behaviour of aero-sol particles. Atmos. Environ. 31, 2463–2476.
  • Twomey, S. 1959. The nuclei of natural cloud formation. Part II: The supersaturation in natural clouds and the variation of cloud droplet concentration. Geophys. Pura a Applicata 43, 243–249.
  • Warner, J. 1969. The microstructure of cumulus clouds: Part II: The effect on drop size distribution of cloud nucleus spectrum and updraft velocity. J. Atmos. Sci. 26, 1272–1282.
  • Warner, J. 1973. The microstructure of cumulus clouds. Part IV: The effect on the droplet spectrum of mixing between cloud and environment. J. Atmos. Sci. 30, 256–261.
  • Wobrock, W. 1986. Numerische Modellsimulationen von Strahlungsnebelepisoden unter Beracksichtigung spek-traler Wolkenmikrophysik. PhD Thesis, available from Johannes-Gutenberg Universität, Frankfurt, Germany.
  • Wobrock, W., Schell, D., Maser, R., Jaeschke, W., Gerogii, H.-W., Wieprecht, W., Arends, B. G., Mols, J. J., Kos, G. P. A., Fuzzi, S., Facchini, M. C., Orsi, G., Berner, A., Solly, I., Kruisz, C., Svenningsson, I. B., Wiedensohler, A., Hansson, H.-C., Ogren, J. A., Noone, K. J., Hallberg, A., Phal, S., Schneider, T.,
  • Winkler, P., Winiwarter, W., Colvile, R. N., Choularton, T. W., Flossmann, A. I. and Borrmann, S. 1994. The Kleiner Feldberg Cloud Experiment, 1990. An Overview. J. Atmos. Chem. 19, 3–35.
  • Wobrock, W., Flossmann, A. I., Colvile, R. N. and Inglis, D. W. F. 1997. Modelling of airflow and cloud fields over the northern Pennines. Atmos. Environ. 31, 2421–2439.