57
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Stratospheric aerosol measurements in the Arctic winter of 1996/1997 with the M-55 Geophysika high-altitude research aircraft

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 1088-1103 | Received 30 Aug 1999, Accepted 29 Nov 1999, Published online: 15 Dec 2016

  • Baumgardner, D., Dye, J. E., Gandrud, B. W. and Knollenberg, R. G. 1992. Interpretation of measurements made by the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP-300) during the Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 8035–8046.
  • Borrmann, S., Dye, J. E., Baumgardner, D., Wilson, J. C., Jonsson, H. H., Brock, C. A., Loewenstein, M., Podol-ske, J. R. and Ferry, G. V. 1993. Insitu measurements of changes in stratospheric aerosol and the N20-aerosol relationship inside and outside of the polar vortex. Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 2559–2562.
  • Borrmann, S., Stefanutti, L. and Khattatov, V. 1995a. Chemistry and aerosol measurements on the Geophys-ika Stratospheric Research Aircraft: The Airborne Polar Experiment, Strategies for European Strato-spheric research, Publication in Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, special volume, P. Fabian (ed.). Elsevier Science 20, no. 1, 97–101.
  • Borrmann, S., Dye, J. E., Baumgardner, D., Proffitt, M., Margitan, J., Wilson, J. C., Jonsson, H. H., Brock, C. A., Loewenstein, M., Podolske, J. R. and Ferry, G. V. 1995b. Aerosols as dynamical tracers in the lower stratosphere: the aerosol versus ozone correlations after the Mount Pinatubo eruption. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 11,147-11,156.
  • Borrmann, S. 1996. Stratospheric aerosols after Pinatubo: results from the 1991/2 Airborne Arctic Strato-spheric Expedition (AASE II). NATO ASI series, Advanced Research Workshop, G. Fiocco (ed.), Rome, pp. 14–18
  • Borrmann, S., Solomon, S., Dye, J. E. and Luo, B. 1996. The potential of cirrus clouds for heterogeneous chlorine activation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 2133–2136.
  • Borrmann, S., Solomon, S., Dye, J. E., Baumgardner, D., Kelly, K. K. and Chan, K. R. 1997. Heterogeneous reactions on stratospheric background aerosols, volcanic sulfuric acid droplets, and type I PSCs: the effects of temperature fluctuations and differences in particle phase. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 3639–3648.
  • Borrmann, S., Luo, B. and Mishchenko, M. 2000. The application of the T-matrix method to the measurement of aspherical (ellipsoidal) particles with forward scattering optical particle counters. J. Aerosol Sci. 31, 789–799.
  • Brock, C. A., Jonsson, H. H., Wilson, J. C., Dye, J. E.,
  • Baumgardner, D., Borrmann, S., Pitts, M. C., Osborn, M. T., DeCoursey, R. J. and Woods, D. C. 1993. Relationships between optical extinction, backscatter and aerosol surface and volume in the stratosphere following the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 2555–2558.
  • Brock, C. A., Hamill, P., Wilson, J. C., Jonsson, H. H. and Chan, K. R. 1995. Particle formation in the upper troposphere: a source of nuclei for the stratospheric aerosol. Science 270, 1650–1653.
  • Deshler, T. and Oltmans, S. J. 1998. Vertical profiles of volcanic aerosol and polar stratospheric clouds above Kiruna, Sweden: Winters 1993 and 1995. J. Atmos. Chem. 30, 11–23.
  • Dye, J. E., Baumgardner, D., Gandrud, B. W., Kawa, S. R., Kelly, K. K., Loewenstein, M., Ferry, G. V., Chan, K. R. and Gary, B. L. 1992. Particle size distributions in arctic polar stratospheric clouds, growth and freezing of sulfuric acid droplets and implications for cloud formation. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 8015–8034.
  • Fahey, D. W., Kawa, S. R., Woodbridge, E. L., Tin, P., Wilson, J. C., Jonsson, H. H., Dye, J. E., Baumgard-ner, D., Borrmann, S., Toohey, D. W., Avallone, L. M., Profitt, M. H., Margitan, J. J., Loewenstein, M., Sala-witch, R. J., Wofsy, S. C., Ko, M. K. W., Anderson, D. E., Schoeberl, M. R. and Chan, K. R. 1993. Hetero-geneous chemistry in the mid latitude lower strato-sphere: the role of reactive nitrogen and the impact of volcanic aerosol in ozone photochemistry. Nature 363, 509–514
  • Garcia, R. R. and Solomon, S. 1994. A new numerical model of the middle atmosphere: 2. Ozone and related species. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 12,937-12,951.
  • Hanson, D. R., Ravishankara, A. R. and Solomon, S. 1994. Heterogeneous reactions in sulfuric acid aerosols: a framework for model calculations. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 3615–3629.
  • Jonsson, H. H., Wilson, J. C. and Brock, C. A. 1996. Evolution of the stratospheric aerosol in the northern hemisphere following the June 1991 volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo: role of tropospheric—stratospheric exchange and transport. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 1553–1570.
  • Manney, G. L., Froidevaux, L., Santee, M. N., Zurek, R. W. and Waters, J. W. 1997. MLS observations of
  • Arctic ozone loss in 1996-97. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 2697–2700.
  • Meilinger, S. K., Koop, T., Luo, B. P., Huthwelker, T., Carslaw, K. S., Krieger, U., Crutzen, P. J. and Peter, Th. 1995. Size dependent stratospheric droplet composition in lee wave temperature fluctuations and their potential role in PSC freezing. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 3031–3034.
  • Stefanutti L., Sokolov, L., Balestri, S., MacKenzie, A. R. and Khattatov, V. 1999a. The M-55 Geophysika as platform for the Airborne Polar Experiment. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 16, 1303–1312.
  • Stefanutti, L., MacKenzie, A. R., Balestri, S., Khattatov, V., Fiocco, G., Kyro, E. and Peter, Th. 1999b. APE-POLECAT — rationale, road map and summary of early results. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 23,941–23,959.
  • Wilson J. C., Jonsson, H. H., Brock, C. A., Toohey, D. W., Avallone, L. M., Baumgardner, D., Dye, J. E., Poole, L. R., Woods, D. C., DeCoursey, R. J., Osborn, M., Pitts, M. C., Kelly, K. K., Chan, K. R., Ferry, G. V., Loewenstein, M., Podolske, J. R. and Weaver, A. 1993. In situ observations of aerosol and chlorine monoxide after the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo: effect of reactions on sulfate aerosol. Science 261, 1140–1143.
  • Wilson J. C., Huyn, J. H. and Blackshear, E. D. 1983. The function and response of an improved strato-spheric condensation nucleus counter. J. Geophys. Res. 88, 6781–6785.