Comparative ecosystem–atmosphere exchange of energy and mass in a European Russian and a central Siberian bog II. Interseasonal and interannual variability of CO₂ fluxes

References

• Alm, J., Schulman, L., Walden, J., Nykanen, H., Martilcainen, P. J. and Silvola, J. 1999. Carbon balance of a boreal bog during a year with an exceptionally dry summer. Ecology 80, 161–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armentano, T. V. and Menges, E. S. 1986. Patterns of change in the carbon balance of organic soil-wetlands of the tem-perate zone. J. Ecol. 74, 755–774.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arneth, A., Kelliher, F. M., Gower, S. T., Scott, N. A., Byers, J. N. and McSeveny, T. M. 1998a. Environmental variables regulating soil carbon dioxide efflux following clear-cutting of a Pinus radiata D. Don plantation. J. Geo-phys. Res.-Atmos. 103, D5,5695–5705.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arneth, A., Kelliher, F. M., McSeveny, T. M. and Byers, J. N. 1998b. Fluxes of carbon and water in a Pinus radiata forest subject to soil water deficit. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 25, 557–570.
   Google Scholar
• Arneth, A., Lloyd, J., Santrucova, H., Bird, M., Grigoriev, S., Brand, W., Werner, R., Gleixner, G. and Schulze, E.-D. 2002. Response of central Siberian Scots pine in to soil water deficit and long-term trends in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 16, 5/1-5/13.
   Google Scholar
• Aubinet, M., Grelle, A., Ibrom, A., Rannilc, U., Moncrieff, J., Foken, T., Kowalski, A. S., Martin, P. H., Berbigier, R, Bernhofer, C., Clement, R., Elbers, J., Granier, A., Grunwald, T., Morgenstern, K., Pilegaard, K., Rebmann, C., Snijders, W., Valentini, R. and Vesala, T. 2000. Es-timates of the annual net carbon and water exchange of forests: The EUROFLUX methodology. Adv. Ecol. Res. 30, 113–175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aurela, M., Tuovinen, J. P. and Laurila, T. 1998. Carbon diox-ide exchange in a subarctic peatland ecosystem in north-ern europe measured by the eddy covariance technique. J. Geophys. Res. 103, D10, 11289–11301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellisario, L. M., Moore, T. R. and Bubier, J. L. 1998. Net ecosystem CO2 exchange in a boreal peatland, northern Manitoba. Ecoscience 5, 534–541.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botch, M. S. and Masing, V. V. 1983. Mire ecosystems in the USSR. In: Mires: swamp, bog, fen and moor. Regional studies (ed. A. J. P. Gore). Ecosystems of the World 4B. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 95-152.
   Google Scholar
• Brake, M., Hoper, H. and Joergensen, R. G. 1999. Land use-induced changes in activity and biomass of microor-ganisms in raised bog peats at different depths. Soil Biol. Biochem. 31, 1489–1497.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks, A. and Farquhar, G. D. 1985. Effect of temperature on the CO2/02 specificity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate car-boxylase/oxygenase and the rate of respiration in the light. Planta 165, 397–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, T. R., Friborg, T., Sommerkorn, M., Kaplan, J. and Illeris, L. 2000. Trace gas exchange in a high-arctic valley 1. Variations in CO2 and CH4 fluxes between tundra vagetation types. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 14,701–713.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, T. R., Jonasson, S., Callaghan, T. V. and Havstrom, M. 1999. On the potential CO2 release from tundra soils in a changing climate. Appl. Soil Ecol. 11, 127–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clein, J. S. and Schimel, J. P. 1995. Microbial activity of tundra and taiga soils at sub-zero temperatures. Soil Biol. Biochem. 27, 1231–1234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falge, E., Baldocchi, D., Olson, R., Anthoni, P., Aubinet, M., Bernhofer, C., Burba, G., Ceulemans, R., Clement, R., Dolman, H., Granier, A., Gross, R, Grunwald, T., Hollinger, D., Jensen, N.-0., Katul, G., Keronen, P., Kowalski, A., Lai, C. T., Law, B. E., Meyers, T., Moncrieff, J., Moors, E., Munger, J. W., Pilegaard, K., Rannilc, U., Rebmann, C., Suyker, A., Tenhunen, J., Tu, K., Verma, S., Vesala, T. K. W. and Wofsy, S. 2000. Gap filling strategies for long term energy flux data sets. Agric. For. Meteorol. 107, 71-77.
   Google Scholar
• Fan, S.-M., Goulden, M. L., Munger, J. W., Daube, B. C., Bakwin, P. S., Wofsy, S. C., Amthor, J. S., Fitzjarrald, D. R., Moore, K. E. and Moore, T. R. 1995. Environmental controls on the photosynthetis and respiration of a boreal lichen woodland: a growing season of whole-ecosystem exchange measurements by eddy correlation. Oecologia 102,443-452.
   Google Scholar
• Frolking, S. E., Bubier, J. L., Moore, T. R., Ball, T., Bellisario, L. M., Bhardwaj, A., Carroll, P., Crill, P. M., Lafleur, P. M., McCaughey, J. H., Roulet, N. T., Suyker, A. E., Verma, S. B., Waddington, J. M. and Whiting, G. J. 1998. Relationship between ecosystem productivity and photosynthetically active radiation for northern peat-lands. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 12, 115-126.
   Google Scholar
• Funk, D. W., Pullman, E. R., Peterson, K. M., Crill, P. M. and Billings, W. D. 1994. Influence of water table on car-bon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane fluxes from taiga bog microcosms. Global B iogeochem. Cycles 8,217–278.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorham, E. 1991. Northern peatlands: role in the carbon cycle and probable responses to climate warming. Ecol. Appl. 1, 182–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goulden, M. L., Munger, J. W., Fan, S. M., Daube, B. C. and Wofsy, S. C. 1996a. Measurements of carbon seques-tration by long-term eddy covariance—methods and a crit-ical evaluation of accuracy. Global Change Biol. 2, 169–182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goulden, M. L., Munger, J. W., Fan, S.-M., Daube, B. C. and Wofsy, S. C. 1996b. Exchange of carbon dioxide by a de-ciduous forest: Response to interannual climate variability. Science 271, 1576–1578.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffis, T. J., Rouse, W. R. and Waddington, J. M. 2000. Interannual variability of net ecosystem CO2 exchange at a subarctic fen. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 14, 1109–1121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollinger, D. Y., Kelliher, F. M., Schulze, E. D., Bauer, G., Arneth, A., Byers, J. N., Hunt, J. E., McSeveny, T. M., Kobak, K. I., Milukova, I., Sogatchev, A., Tatarinov, F., Varlargin, A., Ziegler, W. and Vygodskaya, N. N. 1998. Forest—atmosphere carbon dioxide exchange in eastern Siberia. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 90, 291-306.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, R. B., Canadell, J., Ehleringer, J. R., Mooney, H. A., Sala, 0. E. and Schulze, E. D. 1996. A global analysis of root distributions for terrestrial biomes. Oecologia 108, 389-411.
   Google Scholar
• Joiner, D. W., Lafleur, P. M., McCaughey, J. H. and Bartlett, P. A. 1999. Interannual variability in carbon dioxide ex-changes at a boreal wetland in the BOREAS northern study area. J. Geophys. Res. 104, D22,27663-27672.
   Google Scholar
• Korhola, A., Tolonen, K., Turunen, J. and Jungner, H. 1995. Estimating long-term carbon accumulation rates in boreal peatlands by radiocarbon dating. Radiocarbon 37, 575–584.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurbatova, J., Arneth, A., Vygodskaya, N. N., Tchebakova, N. M., Kolle, O., Varlargin, A. B., Milyukova, I. M., Schulze, E.-D. and Lloyd, J. 2002. Comparative ecosystem—atmosphere exchange of energy and mass in a European Russian and a central Siberian bog I. Intersea-sonal and interannual variability of energy and latent heat fluxes during the snowfree period. Tellus 54B, this issue.
   Google Scholar
• Lafleur, P.M., McCaughey, J. H., Joiner, D. W., Bartlett, P. A. and Jelinski, D. E. 1997. Seasonal trends in energy, water, and carbon dioxide fluxes at a northern boreal wetland. J. Geophys. Res. 102, D24,29009-29020.
   Google Scholar
• Lafleur, P.M., Roulet, N. T. and Admiral, S. W. 2001. Annual cycle of CO2 exchange at a bog peatland. J. Geophys. Res. 106, D3,3071-3081.
   Google Scholar
• Laurila, T., Soegaard, H., Lloyd, C. R., Aurela, M., Tuovinen, J.-P., Nordstroem, C. 2001. Seasonal variations of net CO2 exchange in European Arctic ecosystems. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 70, 183-201
   Google Scholar
• Lloyd, J. and Taylor, J. A. 1994. On the temperature depen-dence of soil respiration. Funct. Ecol. 8, 315-323.
   Google Scholar
• Milyukova, I. M., Kolle, 0. E., Varlagin, A. B., Vygodskaya, N. N., Schulze, E.-D. and Lloyd, J. 2002. Carbon balance of a southern taiga spruce forest in European Russia. Tellus 54B, this issue.
   Google Scholar
• Moncrieff, J. B., Malhi, Y. and Leuning, R. 1996. The prop-agation of errors in long-term measurements of land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon and water. Global Change Biol. 2, 231–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, T. R. and Dalva, M. 1993. The influence of tem-perature and water table position on carbon dioxide and methane emissions from laboratory columns of peatland soils. J. Soil Sci. 44, 651–664.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nay, S. M., Mattson, K. G. and Bormann, B. T. 1994. Biases of chamber methods for measuring soil CO2 efflux demon-strated with a laboratory apparatus. Ecology 75, 2460–2463.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann, H. H. and den Hartog, G. 1994. Carbon diox-ide fluxes over a raised open bog at the Kinosheo Lake tower site during the Northern Wetlands Study (NOWES). J. Geophys. Res. 99, D1,1529–1538.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordstroem, C., Soegaard, H., Christensen, T. R., Friborg, T., Hansen, B. U. 2001. Seasonal carbon dioxide bal-ance and respiration of a high-arctic fen ecosystem in NE-Greenland. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 70, 149-166.
   Google Scholar
• Nichol, C. J., Lloyd, J., Shibistova, O., Arneth, A., Röser, C., Knohl, A., Matsubara, S. and Grace, J. 2002. Remote sensing of photosynthetic light-use efficiency of Siberian boreal forest. Tellus 54B, this issue.
   Google Scholar
• Oechel, W. C., Vourlitis, G. and Hastings, S. J. 1997. Cold sea-son CO2 emission from arctic soils. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 11, 163–172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panikov, N. S. and Dedish, S. N. 2000. Cold season CH4 and CO2 emission from boreal peat bogs (west Siberia): winter fluxes and thaw activation dynamics. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 14, 1071–1080.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post, W. M., Emanuel, W. R., Zinke, P. J. and Stangenberger, A. G. 1982. Soil carbon pools and world life zones. Nature 298, 156-159.
   Google Scholar
• Rapalee, G., Trumbore, S. E., Davidson, E. A., Harden, J. W. and Veldhuis, H. 1998. Soil carbon stocks and their rates of accumulation and loss in a boreal forest landscape. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 12, 687-701.
   Google Scholar
• Shurpali, N. J., Verma, S. B. and Kim, J. 1995. Carbon dioxide exchange in a peatland ecosystem. J. Geophys. Res. 100, D7,14319-14326.
   Google Scholar
• Sjörs, H. 1980. Peat on earth: multiple use or conservation? Ambio 9, 303–308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• She, O. and Oechel, W. C. 1981. Moss functioning in dif-ferent taiga ecosystems in interior Alaska. Oecologia 48, 50-59.
   Google Scholar
• Soegaard, H. and Nordstroem, C. 1999. Carbon dioxide ex-change in a high-arctic fen estimated by eddy covariance measurements and modelling. Global Change Biol. 5,547–562.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suyker, A. E., Verma, S. B. and Arkebauer, T. J. 1997. Season-long measurement of carbon dioxide exchange in a boreal fen. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 102, D24,29021-29028.
   Google Scholar
• Tchebakova, N., Zolotoulchine, D., Lloyd, J., Kolle, O., Vygodslcaya, N. N. and Schulze, E.-D. 2002. Inter-annual and seasonal variations of energy, water, and CO2 fluxes above a Pinus sylvestris forest in the Siberian middle taiga. Tellus 54B, this issue.
   Google Scholar
• Thormann, M. N., Szumigalski, A. R. and Bayley, S. E. 1999. Aboveground peat and carbon accumulation poten-tials along a bog-fen-marsh wetland gradient in southern boreal Alberta, Canada. Wetlands 19, 305–317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trumbore, S. E., Bubier, J. L., Harden, J. W. and Crill, P. M. 1999. Carbon cycling in boreal wetlands: A comparison of three approaches. J. Geophys. Res. 104, D22,27673-27682.
   Google Scholar
• Turunen, J., Pitkänen, A., Tahvanainen, T. and Tolonen, K. 2001. Carbon accumulation in West Siberian mires, Russia. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 15, 285-296.
   Google Scholar
• Valentini, R., Dore, S., Marchi, G., Mollicone, D., Panfyorov, M., Rebmann, C., Kolle, O. and Schulze, E. D. 2000. Car-bon and water exchanges of two contrasting central Siberia landscape types: regenerating forest and bog. Funct. Ecol. 14, 87-96.
   Google Scholar
• Waddington, J. M. and Roulet, N. T. 1996. Atmosphere-wetland carbon exchanges: Scale dependency of CO2 and CH4 exchange on the developmental topography of a peat-land. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 10, 233-245.
   Google Scholar
• Walter, H. 1977. The oligotrophic peatlands of Western Siberia — the largest peino-helibiome in the world. Veg-etatio 34, 167–178.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, T. G. and Flanagan, L. B. 1996. Effect of changes in water content on photosynthesis, transpiration and dis-crimination against (CO2)-C-13 and (CO0)-0-18-0-16 in Pleurozium and Sphagnum. Oecologia 108, 38–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wirth, C., Schulze, E. D., Schulze, W., von Stunzner Karbe, D., Ziegler, W., Miljukova, I. M., Sogatchev, A., Varlagin, A. B., Panvyorov, M., Grigoriev, S., Kusnetzova, W., Siry, M., Hardes, G., Zimmermann, R. and Vygodslcaya, N. N. 1999. Above-ground biomass and structure of pristine Siberian Scots pine forests as con-trolled by competition and fire. Oecologia 121, 66-80.
   Google Scholar
• Zoltai, S. C. and Pollen, F. C. 1983. Wetlands in Canada: their classification, distribution and use. In: Mires: swamps, bog, fen and moor. Regional studies (ed. A. J. P. Gore). Ecosystems of the World 4B. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 245-268.
   Google Scholar