Atmospheric Δ¹⁴CO₂ trend in Western European background air from 2000 to 2012

References

• Czeplak G, Junge C. Studies of interhemispheric exchange in the troposphere by a diffusion model. Adv. Geophys. 1974; 18: 57–72.
   Google Scholar
• Dörr H, Münnich K. O. Annual variations of the 14C content of soil CO2. Radiocarbon. 1986; 28(2A): 338–345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graven, H. D, Guilderson, T. P and Keeling, R. F. 2012. Observations of radiocarbon in CO2 at La Jolla, California, USA 1992–2007. J. Geophys. Res. 117: D02302. DOI: 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston H. S. Evaluation of excess carbon-14 and strontium-90 data for suitability to test two-dimensional stratospheric models. J. Geophys. Res. 1989; 94: 18485–18493. 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kromer, B and Münnich, K. O. 1992. CO2 gas proportional counting in Radiocarbon dating – review and perspective. In: Radiocarbon after four decades. R. E.Taylor, A.Long and R. S.Kra, Springer-Verlag: New York, pp. 184–197.
   Google Scholar
• Levin I, Hammer S, Eichelmann E, Vogel F. Verification of greenhouse gas emission reductions: the prospect of atmospheric monitoring in polluted areas. Philosophical Transactions A. 2011; 369: 1906–1924. 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin, I, Hammer, S, Kromer, B and Meinhardt, F. 2008. Radiocarbon observations in atmospheric CO2: determining fossil fuel CO2 over Europe using Jungfraujoch observations as background. Sci. Total. Environ. 391: 211–216. DOI: 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin I, Kromer B. The tropospheric 14CO2 level in mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (1959–2003). Radiocarbon. 2004; 46(3): 1261–1272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin, I, Kromer, B, Schmidt, M and Sartorius, H. 2003. A novel approach for independent budgeting of fossil fuel CO2 over Europe by 14CO2 observations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30(23): 2194. DOI: 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin I, Münnich K. O, Weiss W. The effect of anthropogenic CO2 and 14C sources on the distribution of 14CO2 in the atmosphere. Radiocarbon. 1980; 22: 379–391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin, I, Naegler, T, Kromer, B, Diehl, M, Francey, R. J. and co-authors. 2010. Observations and modelling of the global distribution and long-term trend of atmospheric 14CO2. Tellus. 62B: 26–46. DOI: 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092.
   Google Scholar
• Maier-Reimer E, Hasselmann K. Transport and storage of CO2 in the ocean – an inorganic ocean-circulation carbon cycle model. Clim. Dyn. 1987; 2: 63–90. 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naegler, T. 2009. Reconciliation of excess 14C-based global CO2 piston velocity estimates. Tellus. 61B: 372–384. DOI: 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092.
   Google Scholar
• Naegler, T and Levin, I. 2009. Biosphere-atmosphere gross carbon exchange flux and the δ13CO2 and Δ14CO2 disequilibria constrained by the biospheric excess radiocarbon inventory. J. Geophys. Res. 114: D17303. DOI: 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092.
   Google Scholar
• Nakazawa T, Ishizawa M, Higuchi K, Trivett N. B. A. Two curve fitting methods applied to CO2 flask data. Environmetrics. 1997; 8: 197–218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oeschger H, Siegenthaler U, Schotterer U, Gugelmann A. A box diffusion model to study the carbon dioxide exchange in nature. Tellus. 1975; 27(2): 168–192. 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092.
   Google Scholar
• Randerson, J. T, Enting, I. G, Schuur, E. A. G, Caldeira, K and Fung, I. Y. 2002. Seasonal and latitudinal variability of troposphere Δ14CO2: post bomb contributions from fossil fuels, oceans, the stratosphere, and the terrestrial biosphere. Global Biogeochem. Cycles. 16(4): 1112. DOI: 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092.
   Google Scholar
• Rakowski A, Kuc T, Nakamura T, Pazdur A. Radiocabon concentration in the atmosphere and modern tree rings in the Kraków area, southern Poland. Radiocarbon. 2004; 46(2): 911–916.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, M, Graul, R, Sartorius, H and Levin, I. 2003. The Schauinsland CO2 record: 30 years of continental observations and their implications for the variability of the European CO2 budget. J. Geophys. Res. 108(19): 4619. DOI: 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092.
   Google Scholar
• Siegenthaler U, Heimann M, Oeschger H. 14C variations caused by changes in the global carbon cycle. Radiocarbon. 1980; 22: 177–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spalding K. L, Buchholz B. A, Bergman L.-E, Druid H, Frisén J. Age written in teeth by nuclear tests. Nature. 2005; 437: 333–334. 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuiver M, Polach H. Discussion: Reporting of 14C data. Radiocarbon. 1977; 19: 355–363.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trumbore S. E. Age of soil organic matter and soil respiration: Radiocarbon constraints on belowground C dynamics. Ecol. Appl. 2000; 10(2): 399–411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trumbore S. E. Radiocarbon and soil carbon dynamics. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2009; 37: 47–66. 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucson, B, Henne, S, Brunner, D, Steinbacher, M, Mohn, J. and co-authors. 2011. Continuous isotopic composition measurements of tropospheric CO2 at Jungfraujoch (3580 m asl), Switzerland: real-time observation of regional pollution events. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11: 1685–1696. 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092.
   Google Scholar
• Ubelaker D. H, Buchholz B. A, Stewart J. E. B. Analysis of artificial radiocarbon in different skeletal and dental tissue types to evaluate date of death. J. Forensic. Sci. 2006; 51: 484–488. 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Der Laan, S, Karstens, U, Neubert, R. E. M, Van Der Laan-Luijkx, I. T and Meijer, H. A. J. 2010. Observation-based estimates of fossil fuel-derived CO2 emissions in the Netherlands using Δ14C, CO and 222Radon. Tellus. 62B(5): 389–402. DOI: 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092.
   Google Scholar
• Wild, E. M, Arlamovsky, K. A, Golser, R, Kutschera, W, Priller, A. and co-authors. 2000. C-14 dating with the bomb peak: an application to forensic medicine. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B. 172: 944–950. 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar