Physicochemical characteristics and sources of atmospheric dust deposition in snow packs on the glaciers of western Qilian Mountains, China

References

• Aizen V. B , Aizen E. M , Melack J , Martma T . Isotopic measurements of precipitation on central Asian glaciers (southeastern Tibet, northern Himalayas, central Tien Shan). J. Geophys. Res. 1996; 101(D4): 9185–9196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aizen V. B , Aizen E. M , Melack J. M , Kreutz K. J , Cecil L. D . Association between atmospheric circulation patterns and firn-ice core records from the Inilchek glacierized area, central Tien Shan, Asia. J. Geophys. Res. 2004; 109(D8):
   Google Scholar
• Andreae M. O , Henderson-Sellers A . Climatic effects of changing atmospheric aerosol levels. Future Climates of the World: a Modeling Perspective World Survey of Climatology. 1995; Amsterdam: Elsevier. 347–398.
   Google Scholar
• Arao K , Itou K , Koja A . Secular variation of yellow sand dust events over Nagasaki in Japan: 1914–2001. J. Environ. Stud. Nagasaki Univ. 2003; 5: 1–10. (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Buck C. F , Mayewski P. A , Spencer M. J , Whitlow S. L , Twickler M. S , co-authors . Determination of major ions in snow and ice cores by ion chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A. 1992; 594: 225–228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J , Li G , Yang J , Rao W , Lu H , co-authors . Nd and Sr isotopic characteristics of Chinese deserts: implications for the provenances of Asian dust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 2007; 71: 3904–3914.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choël M , Deboudt K , Flament P , Aimoz L , Mériaux X . Single-particle analysis of atmospheric aerosols at Cape Gris-Nez, English channel: influence of steel works on iron apportionment. Atmos. Chem. 2007; 41: 2820–2830.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delmonte B , Basile-Doelsch I , Petit J. R , Maggi V , Revel-Rolland M , co-authors . Comparing the Epica and Vostok dust records during the last 220,000 years: stratigraphical correlation and provenance in glacial periods. Earth Sci. Rev. 2004; 66: 63–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong Z , Li Z . Characteristics of atmospheric dust deposition in snow on Glacier No.72, Mt Tuomuer, China. Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. 2011; 43(4): 517–526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong Z , Li Z , Edwards R , Wu L , Zhou P . Temporal characteristics of mineral dust particles in precipitation of Urumqi River Valley in Tian Shan, China: a comparison of alpine site and rural site. Atmos. Res. 2011; 101: 294–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong Z , Li Z , Wang F , Zhang M . Characteristics of atmospheric dust deposition in snow on the glaciers of the eastern Tien Shan, China. J. Glaciol. 2009; 55(193): 797–804.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong Z , Li Z , Xiao C , Zhang M , Wang F . Characteristics of aerosol dust in fresh snow in the Asian dust and non-dust periods at Urumqi glacier No.1 of eastern Tian Shan, China. Environ. Earth Sci. 2010; 60: 1361–1368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong Z , Li Z , Wang W , Li K , Zhou P . Characteristics of atmospheric dust deposition in snow on Glacier No.4, Mt Bogeda, China. Environ. Earth Sci. 2013; 70: 1423–1433.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du W , Qin X , Liu Y . Variation of the Laohugou Glacier No. 12 in the Qilian Mountains. J. Glaciol. Geocryol. 2008; 30(3): 373–379. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Falkovich A. H , Ganor E , Levin Z , Formenti P , Rudich Y . Chemical and mineralogical analysis of individual mineral dust particles. J. Geophys. Res. 2001; 106(D16): 18029–18036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher D. A , Koerner R. M . Some apsects of climatic change in the High Arctic during the Halocene as deduced from ice cores. In Quaterman palaeoclimate (ed. W.C. Mahaney). University of East Anglia Press, Norwich . 1981; 249–271.
   Google Scholar
• Fujita K . Effect of dust event timing on glacier runoff: sensitivity analysis for a Tibetan glacier. Hydrol. Process. 2007; 21: 2892–2896.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao Y , Arimoto R , Zhou M , Merrill J , Duce R . Relationships between the dust concentrations over Eastern Asia and the remote North Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 1992; 97: 9867–9872.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein S. L , Jacobsen S. B . Nd and Sr isotopic systematics of river suspended material: implications for crustal evolution. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1988; 87: 249–265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grousset F. E , Biscaye P. E . Tracing dust sources and transport patterns using Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes. Chem. Geol. 2005; 222: 149–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinkley T. D . Composition and sources of atmospheric dust in snow at 3200 meters in the St. Elias Range, southeastern Alaska, USA. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 1994; 58: 3245–3254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honda M , Yabuki S , Shimizu H . Geochemical and isotopic studies of aeolian sediments in China. Sedimentology. 2004; 51: 211–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichikuni M . Calcite as a source of excess calcium in rainwater. J. Geophys. Res. 1978; 83: 6249–6252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Junge C. E . Air Chemistry and Radioactivity. 1963; New York: Academic Publishers. pp. 382.
   Google Scholar
• Kahl J. D , Martinez D. A , Kuhns H , Davidson C. I , Jaffrezo J. L , co-authors . Air mass trajectories to Summit, Greenland: a 44-year climatology and some episodic events. J. Geophys. Res. 1997; 102(C12): 26861–26875.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koizumi K . Studies on Kosa, part 1. Kokumin Eisei (National Hygiene of Japan). 1932; 9: 983–1026. (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Kreutz K. J , Aizen V. B , Cecil L. D , Wake C. P . Oxygen isotopic and soluble ionic composition of a shallow firn core, Inilchek glacier, central Tien Shan. J. Glaciol. 2001; 47(159): 548–554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee M. K , Lee Y , Yi H . Provenances of atmospheric dust over Korea from Sr-Nd isotopes and rare earth elements in early 2006. Atmos. Environ. 2010; 44: 2401–2414.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z , Li H , Dong Z , Zhang M . Chemical characteristics and environmental significance of fresh snow deposition on Urumqi Glacier No. 1 of Tianshan Mountains, China. Chin. Geogr. Sci. 2010; 20(5): 389–397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z , Ross E , Thompson E. M . Seasonal variability of ionic concentrations in surface snow and elution processes in snow–firn packs at the PGPI site on Urumqi glacier No. 1, eastern Tien Shan, China. Ann. Glaciol. 2006a; 43: 250–256.
   Google Scholar
• Li Z , Wang F , Zhu G . Basic features of Miaoergou flat top glacier in east Tianshan and its thickness change over the past 24 years. J. Glaciol. Geocryol. 2006a; 29(1): 61–65. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Liu C , Yao T , Thompson L.G . Microparticle concentration within the Dunde ice core and its relationship with dust storm and climate. J. Glaciol. Geocryol. 1999a; 21(1): 9–14. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Liu W , Xiao Y , Peng Z . Preliminary study of hydrochemistry characteristics of boron and chlorine isotopes of salt lake brines in Qaidam Basin. J. Salt Lake Res. 1999b; 7(3): 8–14. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Marenco F . Characterization of atmospheric aerosols at Monte Cimone, Italy, during summer 2004: source apportionment and transport mechanisms. J. Geophys. Res. 2006; 111(D24): 24202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maring H , Savoie D. L , Izaguirre M. A , Custals L , Reid J. S . Mineral dust aerosol size distribution change during atmospheric transport. J. Geophys. Res. 2003; 108(D19): 8592.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merrill J. T , Uematsu M , Bleck R . Meteorological analysis of long range transport of mineral aerosols over the north Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 1989; 94: 8584–8598.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakajima T , Tanaka M , Yamano M , Shiobara M , Arao K , co-authors . Aerosol optical characteristics in the yellow sand events observed in May, 1982 at Nagasaki – part II models. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. 1989; 67: 279–291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neinavaie H , Pirkl H , Trimbacher C . Herkunft und Charakteristik von Stäuben: Research Report. 2000; Wien: Umweltbundesamt. 1–61.
   Google Scholar
• Nihlén T , Mattsson J. O , Rapp A , Gagaoudaki C , Kornaros G . Monitoring of Saharan dust fallout on Crete and its contribution to soil formation. Tellus B. 1995; 47: 365–374.
   Google Scholar
• Osada K , Iida H , Kido M , Matsunaga K , Iwasaka Y , co-authors . Mineral dust layers in snow at Mount Tateyama, Central Japan: formation processes and characteristics. Tellus B. 2004; 56: 382–392.
   Google Scholar
• Painter H. T , Barrett P. A , Landry C. C , Neff C. J , Cassidy P. M , co-authors. . Impact of disturbed desert soils on duration of mountain snow cover. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007; 34
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prospero J. M , Uematsu M , Savoie D. L . Marine aerosol transport to the Pacific Ocean. Chem. Oceanogr. 1989; 10: 188–218.
   Google Scholar
• Raben P , Theakstone W. H , Tørseth K . Relations between winter climate and ionic variations in a seven-meter-deep snowpack at Okstindan, Norway. Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. 2000; 32(2): 189–196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruth U , Wagenbach D , Steffensen J. P , Bigler M . Continuous record of microparticle concentration and size distribution in the central Greenland NGRIP ice core during the last glacial period. J. Geophys. Res. 2003; 108(D3): 4098.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sala J. Q , Cantos J. O , Chiva E. M . Red dust rain within the Spanish Mediterranean area. Clim. Chang. 1996; 32: 215–228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffensen J. P . The size distributions of microparticle from selected segments of the Greenland Ice Core Project ice core representing different climatic periods. J. Geophys. Res. 1997; 102: 26755–26763.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun J , Zhang M , Liu T . Spatial and temporal characteristics of dust storms in China and its surrounding regions, 1960–1999: relations to source area and climate. J. Geophys. Res. 2001; 106: 10325–10333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki T , Tsunogai S . Origin of calcium in aerosols over the western north Pacific. J. Atmos. Chem. 1988; 6: 363–374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tegen I , Lacis A . Modeling of particle size distribution and its influence on the radiative properties of mineral dust aerosol. J. Geophys. Res. 1996; 101: 19237–19244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theakstone W. H . Dating stratigraphic variations of ions and oxygen isotopes in a high-altitude snowpack by comparison with daily variations of precipitation chemistry at a low-altitude site. Hydrol. Res. 2008; 39(2): 101–112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson E. M , Thompson L. G . Glaciological interpretation of the microparticle concentration in the 905-meter Dome C core. Antarct. J. Unit. States. 1980; 11: 71–75.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson L. G , Davis M. E , Thompson E. M , Sowers T. A , Henderson K. A , co-authors . A 25,000-year tropical climate history from Bolivian ice cores. Science. 1998; 282: 1858–1864.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson L. G , Thompson E. M . Microparticle concentration variations linked with climatic change: evidence from polar ice cores. Science. 1981; 212: 812–816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson L. G , Thompson E. M , Davis M. E , Bolzan J. F , Dai J , co-authors . Holocene-Late Pleistocene climatic ice core records from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Science. 1989; 246: 474–477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson L. G , Wayne L . Climatological implications of microparticle concentrations in the ice core from “Byrd” station. Western Antarctica. J. Glaciol. 1975; 14(72): 433–444.
   Google Scholar
• Tripathi J. K , Bock B , Rajamani V , Eisenhauer A . Is River Ghaggar, Saraswati? Geochemical constraints. Current Sci. 2004; 87(8): 1141–1144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uno I , Amano H , Emori S , Kinoshita K , Matsui I . Trans-Pacific yellow sand transport observed in April 1998: a numerical simulation. J. Geophys. Res. 2001; 106: 18331–18344.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umbria A , Galán M , Muñoz M. J , Martin R . Characterization of atmospheric particles: analysis of particles in the Campo de Gibraltar. Atmósfera. 2004; 17: 191–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagenbach D , Geis K , Leinen M , Sarnthein M . The mineral dust record in a high altitude alpine glacier (Colle Gnifetti, Swiss Alps). Paleoclimatology and Paleometeorology: Modern and Past Patterns of Global Atmospheric Transport. 1989; Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic. 543–564.
   Google Scholar
• Wake C. P , Mayewski P. A , Li Z . Modern eolian dust deposition in central Asia. Tellus B. 1994; 46: 220–223.
   Google Scholar
• Wang X , Dong Z , Zhang J , Liu L . Modern dust storms in China: an overview. J. Arid Environ. 2004; 58: 559–574.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren S. G , Wiscombe W. J . A model for the spectral albedo of snow. II: Snow containing atmospheric aerosols. J. Atmos. Sci. 1980; 37: 2734–2745.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu G , Zhang C , Zhang X , Tian L , Yao T . Sr and Nd isotopic composition of dust in Dunde ice core, Northern China: implications for source tracing and use as an analogue of long-range transported Asian dust. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2010; 299: 409–416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu J , Yu G , Kang S , Hou S , Zhang Q , co-authors . Sr-Nd isotope evidence for modern aeolian dust sources in mountain glaciers of western China. J. Glaciol. 2012; 58(211): 859–865.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang J. D , Li G. J , Rao W. B , Ji J. F . Isotopic evidences for provenance of East Asian Dust. Atmos. Environ. 2009; 43: 4481–4490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasunari T. J , Bonasoni P , Laj P , Fujita K , Vuillermoz E , co-authors . Estimated impact of black carbon deposition during pre-monsoon season from Nepal Climate Observatory – Pyramid data and snow albedo changes over Himalayan glaciers. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010; 10: 6603–6615.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zdanowicz C. M , Zielinski G. A , Wake C. P . Characteristics of modern atmospheric dust deposition in snow on the Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Arctic Canada. Tellus B. 1998; 50: 506–520.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu Y , Li Z , You X . Application and technique in glacier by Accusizer 780A optical particle sizer. Mode. Sci. Appar. 2006; 81–84. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar