A new evaluation of the uncertainty associated with CDIAC estimates of fossil fuel carbon dioxide emission

References

• Afsah S. , Aller M . CO2 discrepancies between top data reporters create a quandary for policy analysis. 2010. Online at: http://www.co2scorecard.org/home/researchitem/17 .
   Google Scholar
• Andres R. J. , Boden T. A. , Bréon F.-M. , Ciais P. , Davis S. , co-authors . A synthesis of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Biogeoscience. 2012; 9: 1845–1871.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andres R. J. , Marland G. , Fung I. , Matthews E . A one degree by one degree distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture, 1950–1990. Global Biogeochem. Cycles. 1996; 10: 419–429. DOI: 10.1029/96GB01523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballantyne A. P. , Alden C. B. , Miller J. B. , Tans P. P. , White J. W. C . Increase in observed net carbon dioxide uptake by land and oceans during the past 50 years. Nature. 2012; 488: 70–72. [PubMed Abstract] DOI: 10.1038/nature11299.
   Google Scholar
• Bindoff N. L. , Willebrand J. , Artale V. , Cazenave A. , Gregory J. , co-authors . Solomon S. , Qin D. , Manning M. , Chen Z. , Marquis M. , co-editors . Observations: oceanic climate change and sea level. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. 2007; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 385–432.
   Google Scholar
• Boden T. A. , Marland G. , Andres R. J . Estimates of Global, Regional, and National Annual CO₂ Emissions From Fossil-Fuel Burning, Hydraulic Cement Production, and Gas Flaring: 1950–1992. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.030.
   Google Scholar
• Bond T. C. , Wehner B. , Plewka A. , Wiedensohler A. , Heintzenberg J. , co-author . Climate-relevant properties of primary particulate emissions from oil and natural gas combustion. Atmos. Environ. 2006; 40: 3574–3587. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciais P. , Paris J. D. , Marland G. , Peylin P. , Piao S. L. , co-authors . The European carbon balance. Part 1: fossil fuel emissions. Global Change Biol. 2010; 16: 1395–1408. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02098.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denman K. L. , Brasseur G. , Chidthaisong A. , Ciais P. , Cox P. M. , co-authors . Solomon S. , Qin D. , Manning M. , Chen Z. , Marquis M. , co-editors . Couplings between changes in the climate system and biogeochemistry. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. 2007; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 499–587.
   Google Scholar
• Environment Canada. Canada's greenhouse gas inventory: 1990–2003 . National Inventory Report, April 15, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Forster P. , Ramaswamy V. , Artaxo P , Berntsen T. , Betts R. , co-authors . Solomon S. , Qin D. , Manning M. , Chen Z. , Marquis M. , co-editors . Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. 2007; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 129–234.
   Google Scholar
• Francey R. J. , Trudinger C. M. , van der Schoot M. , Law R. M. , Krummel P. B. , co-authors . Atmospheric verification of anthropogenic CO2 emission trends. Nat. Clim. Change. 2013; 3: 520–524. DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1817.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregg J. S. , Andres R. J. , Marland G . China: an emissions pattern of the world leader in CO2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement production. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008; 35: 08806. DOI: 10.1029/2007GL032887.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin R. C . CO₂ Release from Cement Production. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Gurney K. R. , Law R. M. , Denning S. A. , Rayner P. J. , Baker D. , co-authors . Towards robust regional estimates of CO2 sources and sinks using atmospheric transport models. Nature. 2002; 415: 626–630. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Hamal K . Reporting GHG Emissions: Change in Uncertainty and its Relevance for Detection of Emissions Changes.
   Google Scholar
• Hegerl G. C. , Zwiers F. W. , Braconnot P. , Gillett N. P. , Luo Y. , co-authors . Solomon S. , Qin D. , Manning M. , Chen Z. , Marquis M. , co-editors . Understanding and attributing climate change. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. 2007; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 663–745.
   Google Scholar
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 3: Industrial Processes and Product Use. 2006; Hayama, Japan: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies. 2.7–2.19.
   Google Scholar
• Le Quéré C. , Raupach M. R. , Canadell J. G. , Marland G. , Bopp L. , co-authors . Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide. Nat. Geosci. 2009; 2: 831–836. DOI: 10.1038./NGEO689.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Treut H. , Somerville R. , Cubasch U. , Ding Y. , Mauritzen C. , co-authors . Solomon S. , Qin D. , Manning M. , Chen Z. , Marquis M. , co-editors . Historical overview of climate change. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. 2007; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 93–127.
   Google Scholar
• Liss W. E. , Thrasher W. H. , Steinmetz G. F. , Chowdiah P. , Attari A . Variability of Natural Gas Composition in Select Major Metropolitan Areas of the United States.
   Google Scholar
• Macknick J . Energy and Carbon Dioxide Emission Data Uncertainties. 2009; Laxenburg, Austria: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. 55. IR-09-032.
   Google Scholar
• Marland G. , Andres R J. , Blasing T. J. , Boden T. A. , Broniak C. T. , co-authors . King A. W. , Dilling L. , Zimmerman G. P. , Fairman D. M. , Houghton R. A. , co–editors . Energy, industry and waste management activities: an introduction to CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. The First State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR): The North American Carbon Budget and Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle. 2007; Asheville, NC: U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research. 57–64.
   Google Scholar
• Marland G. , Boden T. , Andres R. J . Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel burning: emissions coefficients and the global contribution of eastern European countries. Idojárás. 1995; 99: 157–170.
   Google Scholar
• Marland G. , Hamal K. , Jonas M . How uncertain are estimates of CO2 emissions?. J. Ind. Ecol. 2009; 13: 4–7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2009.00108.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marland G. , Rotty R. M . Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels: a procedure for estimation and results for 1950–1982. Tellus B. 1984; 36: 232–261. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1984.tb00245.x.
   Google Scholar
• Mash H. E. , Andres R. J. , Marland G. , Boden T . Emissions of carbon dioxide from the combustion of fossil fuels. 1995; Programs & Progress, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA: AWMA Meeting on The Emissions Inventory:.
   Google Scholar
• Pacala S. W. , Breidenich C. , Brewer P. G. , Fung I. , Gunson M. R. , co-authors . Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Methods to Support International Climate Agreements. DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-1101-2011.
   Google Scholar
• Rencher A. C . Methods of Multivariate Analysis. 2002; , New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Smith S. J. , van Aardenne J. , Klimont Z. , Andres R. J. , Volke A. , co-author . Anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions: 1850–2005. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2011; 11: 1101–1116. DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-1101-2011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2003.
   Google Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 – 2011. 2013. Online at: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/Downloads/ghgemissions/US-GHG-Inventory-2013-Main-Text.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• United States Government Accountability Office (US GAO). Climate Change: The Quality, Comparability, and Review of Emissions Inventories Vary Between Developed and Developing Nations. 2010; DC: Washington.52. GAO-10-818, GAO.
   Google Scholar
• van Oss H. G . Cement 2011 Minerals Yearbook. 2013; Washington, DC: U. S. Geological Survey. 16.1–16.33.
   Google Scholar
• Zahar A . Does self-interest skew state reporting of greenhouse gas emissions? A preliminary analysis based on the first verified emissions estimates under the Kyoto protocol. Clim. Law. 2010; 1: 313–324.
   Google Scholar