References
- Bureau of the Census. The American almanac: statistical abstract of the United States. 115th ed. Austin, Tex: The Reference Press, 1996
- Cantrell BB, DeKlerk DP, Eggleston JC, et al. Pathological factors that influence prognosis in stage A prostate cancer: the influence of extent versus grade. J Urol 1981; 125(4):516–9
- Johansson JE, Adami HO, Andersson SO, et al. High 10-year survival rate in patients with early, untreated prostatic cancer. JAMA 1992; 267(16):2191–6
- Adolfsson J, Carstensen J, Lowhagen T. Deferred treatment in clinically localised prostatic carcinoma. BrJ Urol 1991; 69(2): 183–7
- Chodak GW, Thisted RA, Gerber GS, et al. Results of conservative management of clinically localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 1994; 330(4):242–8
- Albertson PC, Fryback DG, Storer BE, et al. Long-term survival among men with conservatively treated localized prostate cancer. JAMA 1995; 274(8):626–31
- Catalona WJ, Smith DS. 5-year tumor recurrence rates after anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy for prostate cancer. J Urol 1994; 152(5 Pt 2): 1837–42
- Ohori M, Goad JR, Wheeler TM, et al. Can radical prostatectomy alter the progression of poorly differentiated prostate cancer? J Urol 1994; 152(5 Pt 2): 1843–9
- Partin AW, Pearson JD, Landis PK, et al. Evaluation of serum prostate-specific antigen velocity after radical prostatectomy to distinguish local recurrence from distant metastases. Urology 1994; 43(5):649–59
- Trapasso JG, deKernion JB, Smith RB, et al. The incidence and significance of detectable levels of serum prostate specific antigen after radical prostatectomy. J Urol 1994; 152(5 Pt 2):1821–5
- Zincke H, Oesterling JE, Blute ML, et al. Long-term (15 years) results after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized (stage T2c or lower) prostate cancer. J Urol 1994; 152(5 Pt 2):1850–7
- Corn BW, Hanks GE. Therapeutic options for clinically localized carcinoma of the prostate. Semin Rad Oncol 1993; 3(3):187–97
- Fowler FJ Jr, Barry MJ, Lu-Yao G, et al. Patient-reported complications and follow-up treatment after radical prostatectomy. The National Medicare Experience: 1988–1990. Urology 1993; 42(6):622–9
- Hautmann RE, Sauter TW, Wenderoth UK. Radical retropubic prostatectomy: morbidity and urinary continence in 418 consecutive cases. Urology 1994; 43(2 Suppl):47–51
- Murphy GP, Mettlin C, Menck H, et al. National patterns of prostate cancer treatment by radical prostatectomy: results of a survey by the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer. J Urol 1994; 152(5 Pt 2):1817–9
- Steiner MS, Morton RA, Walsh PC. Impact of anatomical radical prostatectomy on urinary continence. J Urol 1991; 145(3):512–4; discussion 514–5
- Kaplan ID, Cox RS, Bagshaw MA. Prostate specific antigen after external beam radiotherapy for prostatic cancer: followup. J Urol 1993; 149(3):519–22
- Leibel SA, Zelefsky MJ, Kutcher GJ, et al. Three-dimensional con-formal radiation therapy in localized carcinoma of the prostate: interim report of a phase I dose-escalation study. J Urol 1994; 152(5 Pt 2):1792–8
- Zagars GK. Prostate specific antigen as an outcome variable for T1 and T2 prostate cancer treated by radiation therapy. J Urol 1994; 152(5 Pt 2): 1786–91
- Zietman AL, Coen JJ, Shipley WU, et al. Radical radiation therapy in the management of prostatic adenocarcinoma: the initial prostate specific antigen value as a predictor of treatment outcome. J Urol 1994; 151(3):640–5
- Blasko JC, Grimm PD, Rade H. Brachytherapy and organ preservation in the management of carcinoma of the prostate. Semin Rad Oncol 1993; 3(4):240–9
- Labrie F, Dupont A, Cusan L, et al. Downstaging of localized prostate cancer by neoadjuvant therapy with flutamide and lupron: the first controlled and randomized trial. Clin Invest Med (Canada) 1993; 16(6):499–509
- Stock RG. Locoregional therapies for early-stage prostate cancer. Oncology (Huntingt) 1995; 9(9):803–16
- Onik GM, Cohen JK, Reyes GD, et al. Transrectal ultrasound- guided percutaneous radical cryosurgical ablation of the prostate. Cancer 1993;72(4):1291–9
- Steinfeld AD. Questions regarding the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Radiology 1992; 184(3):593–8
Selected readings
- Dugan JA, Bostwick DG, Myers RP, et al. The definition and preoperative prediction of clinically insignificant prostate cancer. JAMA 1996; 275(4):288–94
- Gleave ME, Goldenberg SL, Jones EC, et al. Biochemical and pathological effects of 8 months of neoadjuvant androgen withdrawal therapy before radical prostatectomy in patients with clinically confined prostate cancer. J Urol 1996; 155(1):213–9
- Haas GP. Strategies to manage prostate cancer. (Editorial) J Urol 1996; 155(2):628–9
- Johansson JE. Watchful waiting for early stage prostate cancer. (Editorial) Urology 1994; 43(2):138–42
- Klein EA. An update on prostate cancer. Cleve Clin J Med 1995; 62(5): 325–38
- Partin AW. Prostate cancer: educating ourselves and our nonurological colleagues. J Urol 1996; 155(2):610–1
- Schneider SB, Schweitzer VG, Parker RG, et al. The prognostic value of PSA levels in radiation therapy of patients with carcinoma of the prostate: the UCLA experience 1988–1992. Am J Clin Oncol 1996; 19(1):65–72
- Stuart-Harris R, Berry MP. Localised prostate cancer: which way forward? (Editorial) MedJ Aust 1995; 162(3): 116–7
- Vailancourt L, Ttu B, Fradet Y, et al. Effect of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (combined androgen blockade) on normal prostate and prostatic carcinoma: a randomized study. Am J Surg Pathol 1996; 20(1):86–93