References
- Loeb DS, Talley NJ, Ahlquist DA, et al. Long-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and gastroduodenal injury: the role of Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterology 1992; 102(6): 1899–905
- Zeidler H. Epidemiology and NSAID induced gastropathy. J Rheumatol 1991; (Suppl 28): 2–5
- Geis GS, Stead H, Wallemark CB, et al. Prevalence of mucosal lesions in the stomach and duodenum due to chronic use of NSAID in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis, and interim report on prevention by misoprostol of diclofenac associated lesions. J Rheumatol 1991; (Suppl 28): 11–4
- Griffin MR, Piper JM, Daugherty JR, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and increased risk for peptic ulcer disease in elderly persons. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114(4): 257–63
- Walan A, Bader JP, Classen M, et al. Effect of omeprazole and ranitidine on ulcer healing and relapse rates in patients with benign gastric ulcer. N Engl J Med 1989; 320(2):69–75
- Fries JF. Assessing and understanding patient risk. Scand J Rheumatol 1992; (Suppl 92): 21–4
- Armstrong CP, Blower AL. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and life threatening complications of peptic ulceration. Gut 1987; 28(5): 527–32
- Gabriel SE, Jaakkimainen L, Bombardier C. Risk for serious gastrointestinal complications related to use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 1991; 115(10): 787–96
- Cummings DM, Amadio P Jr. A review of selected newer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Am Fam Physician 1994; 49(5): 1197–202
- Hawkey CJ. Future treatments for arthritis: new NSAIDs, NO NSAIDs, or no NSAIDs? Gastroenterology 1995; 109(2): 614–6
- Larkai EN, Smith JL, Lidsky MD, et al. Gastroduodenal mucosa and dyspeptic symptoms in arthritic patients during chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. Am J Gastroenterol 1987; 82(11): 1153–8
- Graham DY, Lidsky MD, Cox AM, et al. Long-term nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and Helicobacter pylori infection. Gastroenterology 1991; 100(6): 1653–7
- Shorr RI, Ray WA, Daugherty JR, et al. Concurrent use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and oral anticoagulants places elderly persons at high risk for hemorrhagic peptic ulcer disease. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153(14): 1665–70
- Piper JM, Ray WA, Daugherty JR, et al. Corticosteroid use and peptic ulcer disease: role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114(9): 735–40
- Lancaster-Smith MJ, Jaderberg ME, Jackson DA. Ranitidine in the treatment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug associated gastric and duodenal ulcers. Gut 1991; 32(3): 252–5
- Loeb DS, Ahlquist DA, Talley NJ. Management of gastroduodenopathy associated with use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Mayo Clin Proc 1992; 67(4): 354–64
- Matikainen M, Kangas E. Relation of the use of analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a preliminary report of a Finnish case-control prospective study. Pharmacol Toxicol 1994; 75(Suppl 2): 51–2
- Silverstein FE, Graham DY, Senior JR, et al. Misoprostol reduces serious gastrointestinal complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123(4): 241–9
- Raskin JB, White RH, Jackson JE, et al. Misoprostol dosage in the prevention of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastric and duodenal ulcers: a comparison of three regimens. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123(5): 344–50
- Taha AS, Hudson N, Hawkey CJ, et al. Famotidine for the prevention of gastric and duodenal ulcers caused by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. N Engl J Med 1996; 334(22): 1435–9
Selected reading
- Soll AH. Gastric, duodenal, and stress ulcer. In: Sleisenger MH, Fordtran JS, eds. Gastrointestinal disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, management. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1993; 580–652