18
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Vulvar problems in elderly women

Don't assume that menopause is the culprit

, MD & , MD
Pages 121-132 | Published online: 30 Jun 2015

References

  • Bornstein J, Pascal B, Abramovici H. The common problem of vulvar pruritus. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1993; 48(2): 111–8
  • Mardh PA. The vaginal ecosystem. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165(4 Pt2): 1163–8
  • Semmens JP, Tsai CC, Semmens EC, et al. Effects of estrogen therapy on vaginal physiology during menopause. Obstet Gynecol 1985; 66(1): 15–8
  • Byyny RL, Speroff L. A clinical guide for the care of older women: primary and preventive care. 2d ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1996
  • Friedrich EG. Vulvar disease. 2d ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1983
  • Sobel JD. Pathogenesis and treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14(Suppl 1): 148–53S
  • Sobel JD. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a prospective study of the efficacy of maintenance ketoconazole therapy. N Engl J Med 1986; 315(23): 1455–8
  • Faro S. Systemic vs topical therapy for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 1994; 1: 202–8
  • Horowitz BJ, Edelstein SW, Lippman L. Sexual transmission of Candida. Obstet Gynecol 1987; 69(6): 883–6
  • Wilkinson EJ. The 1989 presidential address: International Society for the Study of Vulvar Disease. J Reprod Med 1990; 35(11): 981–91
  • Elchalal V, Gilead L, Vardy A, et al. Treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus in the elderly: an update. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1995; 50(2): 155–62
  • Bracco GL, Carli P, Sonni L, et al. Clinical and histologic effects of topical treatments of vulval lichen sclerosus: a critical evaluation. J Reprod Med 1993; 38(l): 37–40
  • Dalziel KL, Wojnarowska F. Long-term control of vulval lichen sclerosus after treatment with a potent topical steroid cream. J Reprod Med 1993; 38(1): 25–7
  • Abramov Y, Elchalal U, Abramov D, et al. Surgical treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus: a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1996; 51(3): 193–9
  • Berek JS, Hacker NF. Practical gynecologic oncology. 2d ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1994
  • Marinoff SC, Turner ML. Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: an overview. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165(4 Pt 2): 1228–33
  • Stewart DE, Reicher AE, Gerulath AH, et al. Vulvodynia and psychological distress. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 84(4): 587–90
  • Baggish MS, Miklos JR. Vulvar pain syndrome: a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1995; 50(8): 618–27

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.