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Original Articles

A crash course in spinal cord injury

Medical care issues for primary care physicians

, MD
Pages 109-122 | Published online: 30 Jun 2015

References

  • National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. Spinal cord injury: facts and figures at a glance. Birmingham, Ala: University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1997
  • Stover SL, DeLisa JA, Whiteneck GG. Spinal cord injury: clinical outcomes from the model systems. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers, 1995: 21–51
  • American Spinal Injury Association/International Medical Society of Paraplegia. International standards for neurological and functional classification of spinal cord injury. Chicago: American Spinal Injury Assn, 1996
  • Waters RL, Adkins RH, Yakura JS, et al. Motor and sensory recovery following complete tetraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993; 74(3):242–7
  • Yarkony GM, Roth EJ, Heinemann AW, et al. Benefits of rehabilitation for traumatic spinal cord injury: multivariate analysis in 711 patients. Arch Neurol 1987; 44(1):93–6
  • Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Holford TR, et al. Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury: results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. JAMA 1997; 277(20):1597–604
  • Tribe CR. Causes of death in the early and late stages of paraplegia. Paraplegia 1963; 1(May):19–47
  • Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine. Paralyzed Veterans of America. Prevention of thromboembolism in spinal cord injury. Washington, DC: Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine, 1997 (Clinical practice guidelines: spinal cord medicine)
  • Linsenmeyer TA, Stone JM. Neurogenic bowel and bladder dysfunction. In: DeLisa JA, ed. Rehabilitation medicine: principles and practice. 2d ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1993: 733–62
  • Yarkony GM, ed. Spinal cord injury: medical management and rehabilitation. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers, 1994
  • Staas WE, Formal CS, et al. Rehabilitation of the spinal cord-injured patient. In: DeLisa, ed,” pp 886–915
  • Cardenas DD, Hooton TM. Urinary tract infection in persons with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995; 76(3):272–80
  • Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine. Paralyzed Veterans of America. Acute management of autonomic dysreflexia: adults with spinal cord injury presenting to health-care facilities. Washington, DC: Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine, 1997 (Clinical practice guidelines: spinal cord medicine)
  • Marino RJ, Herbison GJ, Ditunno JF Jr. Peripheral sprouting as a mechanism for recovery in the zone of injury in acute quadriplegia: a single-fiber EMG study. Muscle Nerve 1994; 17(12):1466–8

Selected readings

  • Almenoff PL, Alexander LR, Spungen AM, et al. Bronchodilatory effects of ipratropium bromide in patients with tetraplegia. Paraplegia 1995; 33(5):274–7
  • Bodner Dr, ed. The urologic clinics of North America: spinal cord injury. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1993
  • Bregman BS, Kunkel-Bagden E, Reier PJ, et al. Recovery of function after spinal cord injury: mechanisms underlying transplant-mediated recovery of function differ after spinal cord injury in newborn and adult rats. Exp Neurol 1993; 123(1):3–16
  • Yarkony GM, Bass LM, Keenan V 3d, et al. Contractures complicating spinal cord injury: incidence and comparison between spinal cord centre and general hospital acute care. Paraplegia 1985; 23(5)265–71
  • Yarkony GM, Chen D. Rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injuries. In: Braddom RL, ed. Physical medicine and rehabilitation. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1996: 1149–79

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