41
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Severe pneumonia

When and why to hospitalize

, MD
Pages 117-129 | Published online: 30 Jun 2015

References

  • Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1997; 336(4): 243–50
  • Bartlett JG, Breiman RF, Mandell LA, et al, for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Community-acquired pneumonia in adults: guidelines for management. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26(4): 811–38
  • Marrie TJ. Community-acquired pneumonia: epidemiology, etiology, treatment. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1998; 12(3): 723–40
  • Aubier M, Verster R, Regamey C, et al, for the Sparfloxacin European Study Group. Once-daily Sparfloxacin versus high-dosage amoxicillin in the treatment of community-acquired, suspected pneumococcal pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26(6): 1312–20
  • Zervos M, Nelson M, for the Cefepime Study Group. Cefepime versus ceftriaxone for empiric treatment of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42(4): 729–33
  • Genne D, Siegrist HH, Humair L, et al. Clarithromycin versus amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in the treatment of community- acquired pneumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1997; 16(11): 783–8
  • Portier H, May T, Proust A, for the French Study Group. Comparative efficacy of Sparfloxacin in comparison with amoxycillin plus ofloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. J Antimicrob Chemother 1996; 37 Suppl A: 83–91
  • Plouffe JF, Herbert MT, File TM Jr, et al, for the Pneumonia Study Group. Ofloxacin versus standard therapy in treatment of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40(5): 1175–9
  • Bohte R, van't Wout JW, Lobatto S, et al. Efficacy and safety of azithromycin versus benzylpenicillin or erythromycin in community- acquired pneumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1995; 14(3): 182–7
  • Williams D, Perri M, Zervos MJ. Randomized comparative trial with ampicillin/sulbactam versus cefamandole in the therapy of community acquired pneumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1994; 13(4): 293–8
  • Shlaes DM, Baughman R, Boylen CT, et al. Piperacillin/tazobactam compared with ticarcillin/clavulanate in community- acquired bacterial lower respiratory tract infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 1994; 34(4): 565–77
  • Ortqvist A, Valtonen M, Cars O, et al, for the Scandinavian Sparfloxacin Study Group. Oral empiric treatment of community- acquired pneumonia: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized study comparing Sparfloxacin with roxithromycin. Chest 1996; 110(6): 1499–506
  • File TM Jr, Segreti J, Dunbar L, et al. A multicenter, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous and/or oral levofloxacin versus ceftriaxone and/or cefuroxime axetil in treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41 (9): 1965–72
  • Niedertnan MS, Bass JB Jr, Campbell GD, et al. Guidelines for the initial management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy. American Thoracic Society. Medical Section of the American Lung Association. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 148(5): 1418–26
  • Plouffe JF, McNally C, File TM Jr. Value of noninvasive studies in community-acquired pneumonia. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1998; 12(3): 689–99, ix
  • Reed WW, Byrd GS, Gates RH Jr, et al. Sputum Gram's stain in community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia: a meta-analysis. West J Med 1996; 165(4): 197–204
  • Rein MF, Gwaltney JM Jr, O'Brien WM, et al. Accuracy of Gram's stain in identifying pneumococci in sputum. JAMA 1978; 239(25): 2671–3
  • Kohler RB. Update on legionnaires' disease: how to make the diagnosis; how best to treat. J Crit Illness 1993; 8: 771–8
  • Chalasani NP, Valdecanas MA, Gopal AK, et al. Clinical utility of blood cultures in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia without defined underlying risks. Chest 1995; 108(4): 932–6

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.