91
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Side effects of antipsychotic drugs

Avoiding and minimizing their impact in elderly patients

, MD, , PhD, , MD & , MD
Pages 169-178 | Published online: 30 Jun 2015

References

  • Harrington C, Tompkins C, Curtis M, et al. Psychotropic drug use in long-term care facilities: a review of the literature. Gerontologist 1992; 32(6): 822–33.
  • Salzman C. Treatment of agitation in the elderly. In: Meltzer HY, ed. Psycho- pharmacology: the third generation of progress. New York: Raven Press, 1987: 1167
  • Kane JM, Woerner MG, Pollack S, et al. Does clozapine cause tardive dyskinesia? J Clin Psychiatry 1993; 54(Sep): 327–30
  • Saltz BL, Woerner MG, Lieberman JA, et al. Development of drug-induced parkinsonism in elderly individuals receiving neuroleptics for the first time. International Congress on Schizophrenia Research. Tuscon, Arizona: 1990 Apr
  • Barnes TR. The present status of tardive dyskinesia and akathisia in the treatment of schizophrenia. Psychiatric Developments 1987; 4: 301–19
  • Burke RE, Fahn S, Marsden CD, et al. Validity and reliability of a rating scale for the primary torsion dystonias. Neurology 1985; 35: 73–7
  • Delwaide PJ, Desseilles M. Spontaneous buccolinguofacial dyskinesia in the elderly. Acta Neurol Scand 1977; 56(3): 256–62
  • Brandon S, McClelland HA, Protheroe C. A study of facial dyskinesia in a mental hospital population. Br J Psychiatry 1971; 118: 171–84
  • Woerner MG, Alvir JM, Saltz BL, et al. Prospective study of tardive dyskinesia in the elderly: rates and risk factors. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155 (11): 1521–8
  • Jeste DV, Caligiuri MP, Paulsen JS, et al. Risk of tardive dyskinesia in older patients: a prospective longitudinal study of 266 outpatients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 52(Sep): 756–65
  • Mental Health Advocates. Recognizing and managing antipsychotic drug side effects (a videotape-based educational program). Boca Raton, Florida: Mental Health Advocates Inc, 1998
  • Adler L, Angrist B, Peselow E, et al. Noradrenergic mechanisms in akathisia: treatment with propranolol and Clonidine. Psychopharmacol Bull 1987; 23(1): 21–5
  • Nishikawa T, Tanaka M, Tsuda A, et al. Clonidine therapy for tardive dyskinesia and related syndromes. Clin Neuropharmacol 1984; 7(3): 239–45
  • Tollefson GD, Beasley CM Jr, Tamura RN, et al. Blind, controlled, long-term study of the comparative incidence of treatment- emergent tardive dyskinesia with olanzapine or haloperidol. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154(Sep): 1248–54

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.