References
- Capezuti E, Evans L, Strumpf N, et al. Physical restraint use and falls in nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996; 44(6): 627–33
- Frank C, Hodgetts G, Puxty J. Safety and efficacy of physical restraints for the elderly: review of the evidence. Can Fam Physician 1996; 42: 2402–9
- Neufeld RR, Dunbar JM. Restraint reduction: where are we now? Nurs Home Economics 1997; 4(3): 11–5
- Miles SH, Irvine P. Deaths caused by physical restraints. Gerontologisi 1992; 32 (6): 762–6
- Miles SH. A case of death by physical restraint: new lessons from a photograph. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996; 44(3): 291–2
- Parker K, Miles SH. Deaths caused by bedrails. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997; 45(7): 797–802
- Survey protocol for long term care facilities. In: State Operations Manual, Appendix P. Bethesda: Dept of Health and Human Services, 1999 Aug: 44
- Evans LK, Strumpf NE. Myths about elder restraint. Image J Nurs Sch 1990; 22(2): 124–8
- Kane RL, Williams CC, Williams TF, et al. Restraining restraints: changes in a standard of care. Annu Rev Public Health 1993; 14: 545–84
- Medicare and Medicaid programs. Hospital conditions of participation: patients' rights (42 CFR 482). Federal Register, 1999 July 2; 64(127): 36069–89
Selected readings
- Annas GJ. The last resort: the use of physical restraints in medical emergencies. N Engl J Med 1999; 341 (18): 1408–12
- Cohen C, Neufeld R, Dunbar J, et al. Old problem, different approach: alternatives to physical restraints. J Gerontol Nurs 1996; 22(2): 23–9
- Donius M, Rader J. Use of siderails: rethinking a standard of practice. J Gerontol Nurs 1994; 20(11): 23–7
- Dunbar JM, Neufeld RR, White HC, et al. Retrain, don't restrain: the educational intervention of the National Nursing Home Restraint Removal Project. Gerontologist 1996; 36(4): 539–42
- Evans LK, Strumpf NE. Tying down the elderly: a review of the literature on physical restraint. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989; 37(1): 65–74
- Kapp MB. Nursing home restraints and legal liability: myths and reality. Leg Med 1993: 299–336
- Lipsitz LA. An 85-year-old woman with a history of falls. JAMA 1996; 76(1): 59–66
- Miles SH, Meyers R. Untying the elderly: 1989 to 1993 update. Clin Geriatr Med 1994; 10(3): 513–25
- Province MA, Hadley EC, Hornbrook MC, et al. The effects of exercise on falls in elderly patients: a preplanned meta-analysis of the FICSIT trials. JAMA 1995; 273(17): 1341–7
- Ray WA, Taylor JA, Meador KG, et al. A randomized trial of a consultation service to reduce falls in nursing homes. JAMA 1997; 278(7): 557–62
- Tinetti ME. Prevention of falls and fall injuries in elderly persons: a research agenda. Prev Med 1994; 23(5): 756–62
- Tinetti ME, Inouye SK, Gill TM, et al. Shared risk factors for falls, incontinence, and functional dependence. JAMA 1995; 273(17): 1348–53
- Tinetti ME, Liu WL, Claus EB. Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after fall among elderly persons. JAMA 1993; 269(1): 65–70