Prophylactic and symptomatic treatment of influenza

References

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Delayed supply of influenza vaccine and adjunct ACIP influenza vaccine recommendations for the 2000–01 influenza season. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2000; 49(27): 619–22
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan KM. Health impact of influenza in the United States. Pharmacoeconomics 1996; 9 Suppl 3: 26–33
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. Fast stats A to Z. Deaths/Mortality. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/deaths.htm. Accessed Nov 3, 2000
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: influenza activity—United States and worldwide, 1999–2000 season, and composition of the 2000–01 influenza vaccine. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2000; 49(19): 375–81
   Google Scholar
• Hayden FG, Osterhaus AD, Treanor JJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir in the treatment of influenzavirus infections. GG167 Influenza Study Group. N Engl J Med 1997; 337(13): 874–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monto AS, Fleming DM, Henry D, et al. Efficacy and safety of the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir in the treatment of influenza A and J virus infections. J Infect Dis 1999; 180(2): 254–61
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hayden FG, Treanor JJ, Betts RF, et al. Safety and efficacy of the neuraminidase inhibitor GG167 in experimental human influenza. JAMA 1996; 275(4): 295–9
   Google Scholar
• The MIST (Management of Influenza in the Southern Hemisphere Trialists) Study Group. Randomised trial of efficacy and safety of inhaled zanamivir in treatment of influenza A and J virus infections. Lancet 1998; 352(9144): 1877–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming D, Makela M, Pauksens K, et al. “High risk” and otherwise healthy patients demonstrate alleviation of influenza symptoms 2.5 days earlier following inhaled zanamivir treatment: European study, winter 1997–8. (Abstr 789) In: Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Nov 12–15, 1998, Denver
   Google Scholar
• Hedrick JA, Barzilai A, Behre U, et al. Zanamivir for treatment of symptomatic influenza A and B infection in children five to twelve years of age: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19(5): 410–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayden FG, Treanor JJ, Fritz RS, et al. Use of the oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in experimental human influenza: randomized controlled trials for prevention and treatment. JAMA 1999; 282(13): 1240–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayden FG, Treanor JJ, Huson L, et al. Oral GS4104 treatment of acute influenza benefits health and activity measures. (Abstr 790) In: Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Nov 12–15, 1998, Denver
   Google Scholar
• Treanor JJ, Hayden FG, Vrooman PS, et al. Efficacy and safety of the oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in treating acute influenza: a randomized controlled trial. US Oral Neuraminidase Study Group. JAMA 2000; 283(8): 1016–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson KG, Aoki FY, Osterhaus AD, et al. Efficacy and safety of oseltamivir in treatment of acute influenza: a randomised controlled trial. Neuraminidase Inhibitor Flu Treatment Investigator Group. Lancet 2000; 355(9218): 1845–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayden FG, Robson R, Jennings LC, et al. Efficacy of oral oseltamivir in experimental human influenza B virus infection. (Abstr 677) In: Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Nov 18–21, 1999, Philadelphia
   Google Scholar
• Kaiser L, Henry D, Flack NP, et al. Short-term treatment with zanamivir to prevent influenza: results of a placebo- controlled study. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30(3): 587–9
   Google Scholar
• Monto AS, Robinson DP, Herlocher ML, et al. Zanamivir in the prevention of influenza among healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999; 282(1): 31–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calfee DP, Peng AW, Cass LM, et al. Safety and efficacy of intravenous zanamivir in preventing experimental human influenza A virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43(7): 1616–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schilling M, Povinelli L, Krause P, et al. Efficacy of zanamivir for chemoprophylaxis of nursing home influenza outbreaks. Vaccine 1998; 16(18): 1771–4
   Google Scholar
• Lee C, Loeb M, Philips A, et al. Use of zanamivir (ZA) to control an outbreak of influenza A (Flu A). (Abstr 283) In: Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Sept 26–29, 1999, San Francisco
   Google Scholar
• Hirji Z, O'Grady S, Bonham J, et al. Utility of zanamivir (Z) for the treatment and prophylaxis of concomitant influenza A (IA) and B (IB) infection in a complex continuing care (CCC) and medical rehabilitation (MR) population. (Abstr 1701) In: Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Sept 26–29, 1999, San Francisco
   Google Scholar
• Hayden FG, Gubareva L, Klein T, et al. Inhaled Zanamivir for the Prevention of Influenza in Families. N Engl J Med 2000; 343(18): 1282–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calfee DP, Peng WA, Hussey EK, et al. Safety and efficacy of once daily intranasal zanamivir in preventing experimental human influenza infection. Antiviral Ther 1999; 4: 143–9
   Google Scholar
• Hayden FG, Atmar RL, Schilling M, et al. Use of the selective oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir to prevent influenza. N Engl J Med 1999; 341(18): 1336–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monto AS, Webster A, Keene O. Randomized, placebo-controlled studies of inhaled zanamivir in the treatment of influenza A and B: pooled efficacy analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999; 44 Suppl B:23–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichol KL, Baken L, Nelson A. Relation between influenza vaccination and outpatient visits, hospitalization, and mortality in elderly persons with chronic lung disease. Ann Intern Med 1999; 130(5): 397–403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tasker SA, Treanor JJ, Paxton WB, et al. Efficacy of influenza vaccination in HIV-infected persons: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1999; 131(6): 430–3
   Google Scholar
• Wilde JA, McMillan JA, Serwint J, et al. Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in health care professionals: a randomized trial. JAMA 1999; 281 (10): 908–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy BR. Use of live attentuated, cold-adapted influenza A reassortant virus vaccines in infants, children, young adults, and elderly adults. Infec Dis Clin Prac 1993; 2: 174–81
   Google Scholar
• Neuzil KM, Mellen BG, Wright PF, et al. The effect of influenza on hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and courses of antibiotics in children. N Engl J Med 2000; 342(4): 225–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grevenstein S, Freund BM, Mcelhaney JE, et al. Greater effectiveness from zanamivir treatment of influenza with antecedent influenza vaccination in older adults. (Abstr 1902) In: Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Sept 26–29, 1999, San Francisco
   Google Scholar
• Sidwell RW, Smee DF, Morrey JD, et al. Effect of oral treatment with the neuraminidase inhibitor RWJ-270201 on influenza virus infections in immunosuppressed mice. (Abstr 058) In: Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Infections in the Immunocompromised Host, Jun 18–21, 2000, Halifax, Nova Scotia
   Google Scholar
• Laver WG, Bischofberger N, Webster RG. Disarming flu viruses. Sci Am 1999; 280(1): 78–87
   PubMedGoogle Scholar