Lipid disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes

References

• Pyörälä K, Laakso M, Uusitupa M. Diabetes and atherosclerosis: an epidemiologic view. Diabetes Metab Rev 1987;3(2): 463–524
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haffner SM, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T, et al. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in non-diabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998; 339(4):229–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD, et al. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-year cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care 1993;16(2):434–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haffner SM. Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 1998;21(1):160–78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laakso M. Dyslipidemia, morbidity, and mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Lipoproteins and coronary heart disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 1997; 11(2):137–41
   Google Scholar
• Rubins HB, Robins SJ, Collins D, et al. Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study Group. N Engl J Med 1999;341(6):410–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Cholesterol Education Program. Second Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II). Circulation 1994; 89(3):1333–445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood D, De Backer G, Faergeman O, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice. Eur Heart J 1998;19: 1434–503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Diabetes Association. Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 1998;21 (1):179–82
   Google Scholar
• Abraira C, Colwell JA, Nuttall FQ, et al. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study on glycemic control and complications in type II diabetes (VA CSDM). Results of the feasibility trial. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study in Type II Diabetes. Diabetes Care 1995;18(8):1113–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994; 344(8934):1383–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995; 333(20):1301–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators. N Engl J Med 1996;335(14):1001–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, et al. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels. Results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. JAMA 1998;279(20):1615–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. NEngl J Med 1998;339(19):1349–57
   Google Scholar
• Gould AL, Rossouw JE, Santanello NC, et al. Cholesterol reduction yields clinical benefit: impact of statin trials. Circulation 1998;97(10):946–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen TR, Olsson AG, Faergeman O, et al. Lipoprotein changes and reduction in the incidence of major coronary heart disease events in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Circulation 1998;97(15): 1453–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Trial Investigators. The effect of aggressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and low-dose anticoagulation on obstructive changes in saphenous-vein coronary-artery bypass grafts. N Engl J Med 1997;336(3): 153–62
   Google Scholar
• Pitt B, Waters D, Brown WV, et al. Aggressive lipid-lowering therapy compared with angioplasty in stable coronary artery disease. Atorvastatin versus Revascularization Treatment Investigators. N Engl J Med 1999;341(2):70–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chaitman BR, Rosen AD, Williams DO, et al. Myocardial infarction and cardiac mortality in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) randomized trial. Circulation 1997;96(7):2162–70
   Google Scholar
• Pyörälä K, Pedersen TR, Kjekshus J, et al. Cholesterol lowering with simvastatin improves prognosis of diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. A subgroup analysis of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Diabetes Care 1997;20(4):614–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witztum JL. Drugs used in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias. In: Hard-man JG, Gilman AG, Limbird LE, eds. Goodman and Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996:875–97
   Google Scholar
• Nawrocki JW, Weiss SR, Davidson MH, et al. Reduction of LDL cholesterol by 25% to 60% in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia by atorvastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 1995;15(5):678–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones P, Kafonek S, Laurora I, et al. Comparative dose efficacy study of atorvastatin versus simvastatin, pravastatin, lova-statin, and fluvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia (the CURVES study). Am J Cardiol 1998;81(5):582–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunninghake D, Bakker-Arkema RG, Wigand JP, et al. Treating to meet NCEP-recommended LDL cholesterol concentrations with atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, or simvastatin in patients with risk factors for coronary heart disease. J Fam Pract 1998;47(5):349–56
   Google Scholar
• Bakker-Arkema RG, Davidson MH, Goldstein RJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. JAMA 1996;275(2):128–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitt B, Mancini GB, Ellis SG, et al. Pravastatin limitation of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries (PLAC I): reduction in atherosclerosis progression and clinical events. PLAC I investigation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26(5):1133–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crouse JR III, Byington RP, Bond MG, et al. Pravastatin, Lipids, and Atherosclerosis in the Carotid Arteries (PLAC-II). Am J Cardiol 1995;75(7):455–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pedersen TR, Tobert JA. Benefits and risks of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in the prevention of coronary heart disease: a reappraisal. Drug Saf 1996; 14(1): 11–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Effect of fenofibrate on progression of coronary-artery disease in type 2 diabetesm: the Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study, a randomised study. Lancet 2001; 357(9260):905–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganz DA, Kuntz KM, Jacobson G A, et al. Cost-effectiveness of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor therapy in older patients with myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132(11):780–7
   Google Scholar