176
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Systemic complications of chronic kidney disease

Pinpointing clinical manifestations and best management

, MD, MPH & , MD, MBA
Pages 115-122 | Published online: 30 Jun 2015

References

  • Rose BD, Rennke HG. Signs and symptoms of chronic renal failure. Renal pathophysiology—the essentials. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1994; 276–300
  • Bailey JL, Mitch WE. Pathophysiology of uremia. In: Brenner BM, ed. Brenner & Rector's the kidney. Vol 2. 6th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000; 2059–78
  • Ringoir S. An update on uremic toxins. Kidney Int 1997;52(Suppl 62): S2–4
  • The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Bethesda: National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 1997
  • Suki WN. Use of diuretics in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 1997;51(Suppl 59): S33–5
  • Allon M. Hyperkalemia in end-stage renal disease: mechanisms and management. J Am Soc Nephrol 1995;6(4):1134–42
  • Warnock DG. Uremic acidosis. Kidney Int 1998;34(2):278–87
  • Santella RN. Chronic renal insufficiency. In: Gennari FJ, ed. Medical management of kidney and electrolyte disorders. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2001; 269–92
  • Alpern RJ, Sakhaee K. The clinical spectrum of chronic metabolic acidosis: homeostatic mechanisms produce significant morbidity. Am J Kidney Dis 1997;29(2):291–302
  • Etemad B. Gastrointestinal complications of renal failure. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1998; 27(4):875–92
  • Ikizler TA, Hakim RM. Nutrition in endstage renal disease. Kidney Int 1996;50(2):343–57
  • Buckalew VM Jr, Berg RL, Wang S-R, et al. Prevalence of hypertension in 1,795 subjects with chronic renal disease: the modification of diet in renal disease study baseline cohort. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Am J Kidney Dis 1996;28(6):811–21
  • Preston RA, Singer I, Epstein M. Renal parenchymal hypertension: current concepts of pathogenesis and management. Arch Intern Med 1996;156(6):602–11
  • Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Bain RP, et al. The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med 1993;329 (20):1456–62
  • Giatras I, Lau J, Levey AS. Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on the progression of nondiabetic renal disease: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibition and Progressive Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1997;127(5):337–45
  • Bakris GL, Weir MR. Angiotensin-Converting enzyme inhibitor-associated elevations in serum creatinine: Is this a cause for concern? Arch Intern Med 2000;160(5):685–93
  • Rutsky EA, Rostand SG. Treatment of uremic pericarditis and pericardial effusion. Am J Kidney Dis 1987;10(1):2–8
  • Erslev AJ, Besarab A. Erythropoietin in the pathogenesis and treatment of the anemia of chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 1997;51(3):622–30
  • Kausz AT, Obrador GT, Pereira BJ. Anemia management in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Am J Kidney Dis 2000;36 (6 Suppl 3):S39–51
  • Cohen G, Haag-Weber M, Hörl WH. Immune dysfunction in uremia. Kidney Int 1997;52 (Suppl 62):S79–82
  • Hruska KA, Teitelbaum SL. Renal osteodystrophy. N Engl J Med 1995;333(3):166–74
  • Martinez I, Saracho R, Montenegro J, et al. The importance of dietary calcium and phosphorus in the secondary hyperparathyroidism of patients with early renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 1997;29(4):496–502
  • Coburn JW, Elangovan L. Prevention of metabolic bone disease in the pre-end-stage renal disease setting. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998;9(12 Suppl):S71–7
  • Fraser CL, Arieff AI. Nervous system complications in uremia. Ann Intern Med 1988; 109(2):143–53
  • Obrador GT, Arora P, Kausz AT, et al. Pre-end-stage renal disease care in the United States: a state of disrepair. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998;9(12 Suppl):S44–54
  • Pereira BJ. Optimization of pre-ESRD care: the key to improved dialysis outcomes. Kidney Int 2000;57(1):351–65

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.