The evolution of treatment guidelines for diabetic nephropathy

References

• US Renal Data System. 2001 annual data report: atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2001. Table A9. Available at: http://www.usrds.org/adr_2001.htm. Accessed Feb 12, 2003
   Google Scholar
• K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 39(2 Suppl 1): S1–203
   Google Scholar
• Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001; 345(12): 861–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parving H-H, Lehnert H, Brochner-Mortensen J, et al. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345(12): 870–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett AH. The role of angiotensin II receptor antagonists in the management of diabetes. Blood Press 2001; 10(Suppl 1): 21–6
   Google Scholar
• Borch-Johnsen K, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Strandgaard S, et al. Urinary albumin excretion: an independent predictor of ischemic heart disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 1999; 19(8): 1992–7
   Google Scholar
• Hirano T, Ookubo K, Kashiwazaki K, et al. Vascular endothelial markers, von Willebrand factor and thrombomodulin index, are specifically elevated in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy: comparison of primary renal disease. Clin Chim Acta 2000; 299(1–2): 65–75
   Google Scholar
• Clausen P, Jensen JS, Jensen G, et al. Elevated urinary albumin excretion is associated with impaired arterial dilatory capacity in clinically healthy subjects. Circulation 2001; 103(14): 869–74
   Google Scholar
• Standards of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2003; 26(Suppl 1): S33–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinneen SF, Gerstein HC. The association of microalbuminuria and mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a systematic overview of the literature. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157(13): 1413–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakris GL, Williams M, Dworkin L, et al. Preserving renal function in adults with hypertension and diabetes: a consensus approach. National Kidney Foundation Hypertension and Diabetes Executive Committees Working Group. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 36(3): 646–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. BMJ 1998; 317(7160): 703–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157(21): 2413–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakris GL. A practical approach to achieving recommended blood pressure goals in diabetic patients. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161 (22): 2661–7
   Google Scholar
• Clinical practice recommendations 2003. Diabetes Care 2003; 26(Supp 1): S1–156
   Google Scholar
• Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and the MICRO-HOPE substudy. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Lancet 2000; 355(9200): 253–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodfriend TL, Elliott ME, Catt KJ. Angiotensin receptors and their antagonists. N Engl J Med 1996; 334(25): 1649–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebert LA, Falkenhain ME, Nahman NS Jr, et al. Combination ACE inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor antagonist therapy in diabetic nephropathy. AmJ Nephrol 1999; 19(1): 1–6
   Google Scholar
• Mogyorósi A, Sonkodi S. AT1 receptor antagonists: a challenge for ACE inhibitors in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 1999; 15(1): 55–8
   Google Scholar
• Ravid M, Lang R, Rachmani R, et al. Long-term renoprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a 7-year follow-up study. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156(3): 286–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jafar TH, Stark PC, Schmid CH, et al. Proteinuria as a modifiable risk factor for the progression of non-diabetic renal disease. Kidney Int 2001; 60(3): 1131–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jafar TH, Schmid CH, Landa M, et al. Angiotensin-Converting enzyme inhibitors and progression of nondiabetic renal disease: a metaanalysis of patient-level data. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135(2): 73–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plum G, Bunten B, Nemeth R, et al. Effects of the angiotensin II antagonist valsartan on blood pressure, proteinuria, and renal hemodynamics in patients with chronic renal failure and hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998; 9(12): 2223–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Bain RP, et al. The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med 1993; 329(20): 1456–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen S, Taraow L, Rossing P, et al. Renoprotective effects of angiotensin II receptor blockade in type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2000; 57(2): 601–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, et al. Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345(12): 851–60“
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perico N, Spormann D, Peruzzi E, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of valsartan compared with lisinopril in patients with hypertension and renal insufficiency. Clin Drug Invest 1997; 14(4): 252–9
   Google Scholar
• Muirhead N, Feagan BF, Mahon J, et al. The effects of valsartan and Captopril on reducing microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled trial. Curr Ther Res 1999; 60(12): 650–60
   Google Scholar
• Materson BJ, Reda DJ, Cushman WC, et al. Single-drug therapy for hypertension in men: a comparison of six antihypertensive agents with placebo. Dept of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents. N Engl J Med 1993; 328(13): 914–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar