7
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Arresting cardiovascular disease progression

Early treatment may counteract high risk

, MD & , MD
Pages 45-48 | Published online: 30 Jun 2015

References

  • American Heart Association. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2004 update. Dallas: American Heart Association, 2003
  • Heffler S, Smith S, Won G, et al. Health spending projections for 2001–2011: the latest outlook. Faster health spending growth and a slowing economy drive the health spending projection. Health Aff (Millwood) 2002; 21(2): 207–18
  • Major cardiovascular disease (CVD) during 1997–1999 and major CVD hospital discharge rates in 1997 among women with diabetes—United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2001; 50(43): 948–54
  • Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003; 289(1): 76–9
  • US Department of Health and Human Services. Preventing chronic disease: investing wisely in health. Preventing diabetes and its complications. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/pe_factsheets/pefs_ddt.pdf. Accessed May 28, 2004
  • US Renal Data System. 2003 annual data report: atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Bethesda: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2003
  • Coresh J, Wei GL, McQuillan G, et al. Prevalence of high blood pressure and elevated serum creatinine level in the United States: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994). Arch Intern Med 2001; 161 (9): 1207–16
  • Brown NJ, Vaughan DE. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Circulation 1998; 97(14): 1411–20
  • Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002; 324(7329): 71–86
  • Brown NJ, Agirbasli MA, Williams GH, et al. Effect of activation and inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system on plasma PAI-1. Hypertension 1998; 32(6): 965–71
  • Schiffrin EL; Canadian Institutes of Health Research Multidisciplinary Research Group on Hypertension. Beyond blood pressure: the endothelium and atherosclerosis progression. Am J Hypertens 2002; 15(10 Pt 2): 115–22S
  • Burnier M. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers. Circulation 2001; 103(6): 904–12
  • Sacks FM, Tonkin AM, Shepherd J, et al. Effect of pravastatin on coronary disease events in subgroups defined by coronary risk factors: the Prospective Pravastatin Pooling Project. Circulation 2000; 102(16): 1893–900
  • Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators. N Engl J Med 1996; 335(14): 1001–9
  • Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group. N Engl J Med 1998; 339(19): 1349–57
  • Influence of pravastatin and plasma lipids on clinical events in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS). Circulation 1998; 97(15): 1440–5
  • Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994; 344(8934): 1383–90
  • DeFronzo RA, Goodman AM. Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Multicenter Metformin Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995; 333(9): 541–9
  • Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet 1998; 352(9131): 854–65
  • Pearson TA, Blair SN, Daniels SR, et al. AHA guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and stroke: 2002 update: consensus panel guide to comprehensive risk reduction for adult patients without coronary or other atherosclerotic vascular diseases. American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee. Circulation 2002; 106(3): 388–91

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.