16
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Cholestatic liver disease

Recognizing the clinical signs

, MD & , MD, DMSc
Pages 67-82 | Published online: 30 Jun 2015

References

  • Popper H, Schaffner F. Pathophysiology of cholestasis. Hum Pathol 1970; 1 (1): 1–24
  • Sherlock S. Overview of chronic cholestatic conditions in adults: terminology and definitions. Clin Liver Dis 1998; 2(2): 217–33, vii
  • Talwalkar JA, Lindor KD. Primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 2003; 362(9377): 53–61
  • Christensen E, Crowe J, Doniach D, et al. Clinical pattern and course of disease in primary biliary cirrhosis based on an analysis of 236 patients. Gastroenterology 1980; 78(2): 236–46
  • Balasubramaniam K, Grambsch PM, Wiesner RH, et al. Diminished survival in asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis: a prospective study. Gastroenterology 1990; 98(6): 1567–71
  • Ludwig J, Dickson ER, McDonald GS. Staging of chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis (syndrome of primary biliary cirrhosis). Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol 1978; 379(2): 103–12
  • Nishio A, Bass NM, Luketic VA, et al. Primary biliary cirrhosis: from induction to destruction. Semin Gastrointest Dis 2001; 12(2): 89–102
  • Poupon RE, Lindor KD, Cauch-Dudek K, et al. Combined analysis of randomized controlled trials of ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1997: 113(3): 884–90
  • Liermann Garcia RF, Evangelista Garcia C, McMaster P, et al. Transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis: retrospective analysis of 400 patients in a single center. Hepatology 2001; 33(1): 22–7
  • Olsson R, Danielsson A, Jarnerot G, et al. Prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 1991; 100(5 Pt 1): 1319–23
  • Schrumpf E, Elgio K, Fausa O, et al. Sclerosing cholangitis in ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1980; 15(6): 689–97
  • Duerr R, Targan SR, Landers CJ, et al. Neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies: a link between primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 1991; 100(5 Pt 1): 1385–91
  • Wiesner RB, LaRusso NF, Ludwig J, et al. Comparison of the clinicopathologic features of primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1985; 88(1 Pt 1): 108–14
  • Boberg KM, Bergquist A, Mitchell S, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis: risk factors and clinical presentation. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002; 37(10): 1205–11
  • Farrant JM, Hayllar KM, Wilkinson ML, et al. Natural history and prognostic variables in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology 1991; 100(6): 1710–7
  • May GR, Bender CE, LaRusso NF, et al. Nonoperative dilatation of dominant strictures in primary sclerosing cholangitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1985; 145(5): 1061–4
  • Lindor KD. Ursodiol for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Mayo Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Ursodeoxycholic Acid Group. N Engl J Med 1997; 336(10): 691–5
  • Broome U, Olsson R, Loof L, et al. Natural history and prognostic factors in 305 Swedish patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gut 1996; 38(4): 610–5
  • Langnas AN, Grazi GL, Stratta RJ, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: the emerging role for liver transplantation. Am J Gastroenterol 1990; 85(9): 1136–41
  • Graziadei IW, Wiesner RH, Maratta PJ, et al. Long-term results of patients undergoing liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology 1999; 30(5): 1121–7
  • de Groen PC, Gores GJ, LaRusso NF, et al. Biliary tract cancers. N Engl J Med 1999; 341(18): 1368–78
  • Gores GJ. Cholangiocarcinoma: current concepts and insights. Hepatology 2003; 37(5): 961–9
  • Patel AR, Harnois DM, Klee GG, et al. The utility of CA 19–9 in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma in patients without primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95(1): 204–7
  • Khan SA, Davidson BR, Goldin R, et al; British Society of Gastroenterology. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma: consensus document. Gut 2002; 51(Suppl 6): VII–9
  • Jarnagin WR, Fong Y, DeMatteo RP, et al. Staging, resectability, and outcome in 225 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg 2001; 234(4): 507–17
  • Farley DR, Weaver AL, Nagorney DM. “Natural history” of unresected cholangiocarcinoma: patient outcome after noncurative intervention. Mayo Clin Proc 1995; 70(5): 425–9
  • Fogel EL, Sherman S, Park SH, et al. Therapeutic biliary endoscopy. Endoscopy 2003; 35(2): 156–63
  • Goldstein ES, Rubin PH. Endoscopic therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 2003; 6(3): 237–43
  • De Vreede I, Steers JL, Burch PA, et al. Prolonged disease-free survival after orthotopic liver transplantation plus adjuvant chemoirradiation for cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Transpl 2000; 6(3): 309–16
  • Iwatsuki S, Todo S, Marsh JW, et al. Treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumors) with hepatic resection or transplantation. J Am Coll Surg 1998; 187(4): 358–64
  • Meyer CG, Penn I, James L. Liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma: results in 207 patients. Transplantation 2000; 69(8): 1633–7

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.