Implementing Treatment Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care

References

• . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes fact sheet, 2007. http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/ndfs_2007.pdf. Accessed July 22, 2008
   Google Scholar
• . Rodbard HW, Blonde L, Braithwaite SS; AACE Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Endocr Pract. 2007;13( suppl 1):1–68
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2008. Diabetes Care. 2008;31( suppl 1):S12–S54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Jellinger PS, Davidson JA, Blonde L,. Road maps to achieve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: ACE/AACE Diabetes Road Map Task Force. Endocr Pract. 2007;13(3):260–268. Revision April 2008
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Ford ES, Li C, Little RR, Mokdad AH. Trends in A1C concentrations among U.S. adults with diagnosed diabetes from 1999 to 2004. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(1):102–104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Peyrot M, Rubin RR, Lauritzen T,. Resistance to insulin therapy among patients and providers: results of the cross-national Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs (DAWN) study. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(11):2673–2679
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Esposito K, Giugliano D, Nappo F, Marfella R; Campanian Postprandial Hyperglycemia Study Group. Regression of carotid atherosclerosis by control of postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2004;110(2):214–219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE,; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(6):393–403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA,. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000;321(7258):405–412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG,; Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(18):1343–1350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB,. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: A consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(8):1963–1972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Ong KL, Cheung BM, Man YB,. Treatment and control of diabetes mellitus in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002. J Cardiometab Syndr. 2006;1(5):301–307
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Balkau B, Shipley M, Jarrett RJ,. High blood glucose concentration is a risk factor for mortality in middle-aged nondiabetic men. 20-year follow-up in the Whitehall Study, the Paris Prospective Study, and the Helsinki Policemen Study. Diabetes Care. 1998;21(3):360–367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Diagnosis and managment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults. Bloomington (MN), 2008
   Google Scholar
• . LaSalle JR, Cross LB. Oral combination therapy with thiazolidinediones in type 2 diabetes. Am J Manag Care. 2006;12( 14 suppl):S369–S381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Kahn SE, Haffner SM, Heise MA,; ADOPT Study Group. Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(23):2427–2443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Tanenberg RJ. Transitioning pharmacologic therapy from oral agents to insulin for type 2 diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin. 2004;20(4):541–553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Nissen SE, Wolski K. Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(24):2457–2471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Brunton S. Insulin regimens for type 2 diabetes. Suppl J Fam Pract. 2006;10–17
   Google Scholar
• . Riddle MC, Rosenstock J, Gerich J; Insulin Glargine 4002 Study Investigators. The treat-to-target trial: randomized addition of glargine or human NPH insulin to oral therapy of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(11):3080–3086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Home P, Kurtzhals P. Insulin detemir: from concept to clinical experience. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006;7(3):325–343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Flood TM. Appropriate use of insulin analogs in an increasingly complex type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) landscape. J Fam Pract. 2007;56( 1 suppl):S1–S10; quiz S11–S12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Hirsch IB, Bergenstal RM, Parkin CG, Wright E, Buse JB. A real-world approach to insulin therapy in primary care practice. Clin Diabetes. 2005;23:78–86
   Google Scholar
• . Amori RE, Lau J, Pittas AG. Efficacy and safety of incretin therapy in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2007;298(2):194–206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Bolen S, Feldman L, Vassy J,. Systematic review: comparative effectiveness and safety of oral medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147(6):386–399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Hollander PA, Levy P, Fineman MS,. Pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycemic and weight control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(3):784–790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Aschner P, Kipnes MS, Lunceford JK, Sanchez M, Mickel C, Williams-Herman DE. Effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin as monotherapy on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(12):2632–2637
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Palumbo PJ. The case for insulin treatment early in type 2 diabetes. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004;71(5):385–386, 391–392, 394 passim
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Gaede P, Lund-Andersen H, Parving HH, Pedersen O. Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(6):580–591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . ; ADVANCE Collaborative GroupPatel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J,. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(24):2560–2572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group;Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP,. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(24):2545–2559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T,; VADTInvestigators. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(2):129–139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Dluhy RG, McMahon GT. Intensive glycemic control in the ACCORD and ADVANCE trials. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(24):2630–2633
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB,. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: update regarding thiazolidinediones: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(1):173–175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Januvia [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck, Sharp and Dohme Ltd; February 2008
   Google Scholar
• . Hermansen K, Davies M, Derezinski T, Martinez Ravn G, Clauson P, Home P. A 26-week, randomized, parallel, treat-to-target trial comparing insulin detemir with NPH insulin as add-on therapy to oral glucose-lowering drugs in insulin-naive people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(6):1269–1274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Haak T, Tiengo A, Draeger E, Suntum M, Waldhäusl W. Lower within-subject variability of fasting blood glucose and reduced weight gain with insulin detemir compared to NPH insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2005;7(1):56–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Rosenstock J, Davies M, Home PD, Larsen J, Koenen C, Schernthaner G. A randomised, 52-week, treat-to-target trial comparing insulin detemir with insulin glargine when administered as add-on to glucose-lowering drugs in insulin-naive people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2008;51(3):408–416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Rosenstock J, Schwartz SL, Clark CM Jr, Park GD, Donley DW, Edwards MB. Basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: 28-week comparison of insulin glargine (HOE 901) and NPH insulin. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(4):631–636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Korytkowski M, Bell D, Jacobsen C, Suwannasari R; FlexPen Study Team. A multicenter, randomized, open-label, comparative, two-period crossover trial of preference, efficacy, and safety profiles of a prefilled, disposable pen and conventional vial/syringe for insulin injection in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther. 2003;25(11):2836–2848
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Korytkowski M, Niskanen L, Asakura T. FlexPen: addressing issues of confidence and convenience in insulin delivery. Clin Ther. 2005;27( suppl B):S89–S100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Rubin RR, Peyrot M. Quality of life, treatment satisfaction, and treatment preference associated with use of a pen device delivering a pre-mixed 70/30 insulin aspart suspension (aspart protamine suspension/soluble aspart) versus alternative treatment strategies. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(10):2495–2497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Leichter SB. Pay-for-performance contracts in diabetes care. Clin Diabetes. 2006;24:56–59
   Google Scholar
• . Watts SA. Clinical standards for diabetes care. An update. Adv Nurse Pract. 2001;9(5):65–68
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Blonde L, Parkin CG. Internet resources to improve health care for patients with diabetes. Endocr Pract. 2006;12( suppl 1):131–137
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Funnell MM, Anderson RM, Nwankwo R,. A study of certified diabetes educators: influences and barriers. Diabetes Educ. 2006;32(3):359–362, 364–366, 368–372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Mulcahy K, Peeples M, Tomky D, Weaver T. National Diabetes Education Outcomes System: application to practice. Diabetes Educ. 2000;26(6):957–964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Piatt GA, Orchard TJ, Emerson S,. Translating the chronic care model into the community: results from a randomized controlled trial of a multifaceted diabetes care intervention. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(4):811–817
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Siminerio LM, Piatt G, Zgibor JC. Implementing the chronic care model for improvements in diabetes care and education in a rural primary care practice. Diabetes Educ. 2005;31(2):225–234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . IDF Clinical Guideline Task Force. Global guidelines for type 2 diabetes. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation; 2005:1–79
   Google Scholar
• . Brown AF, Mangione CM, Saliba D, Sarkisian CA; California Healthcare Foundation/American Geriatrics Society Panel on Improving Care for Elders with Diabetes. Guidelines for improving the care of the older person with diabetes mellitus. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(5 Suppl Guidelines):S265–S280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Qaseem A, Vijan S, Snow V, Cross JT, Weiss KB, Owens DK; Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians. Glycemic control and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the optimal hemoglobin A1c targets. A guidance statement from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147(6):417–422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar