379
Views
71
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Clinical Focus: ADHD, Allergies, and Immunization

Comorbidity between ADHD and Obesity: Exploring Shared Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

, MD, PhD & , MD
Pages 88-96 | Published online: 13 Mar 2015

References

  • . Pliszka S. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;46(7):894–921
  • . Flegal KM, Ogden CL, Yanovski JA, . High adiposity and high body mass index-for-age in US children and adolescents overall and by race-ethnic group. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(4):1020–1026
  • . Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Curtin LR. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2008. JAMA. 2010;303(3):235–241
  • . Chen AY, Kim SE, Houtrow AJ, Newacheck PW. Prevalence of obesity among children with chronic conditions. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010;18(1):210–213
  • . Cortese S, Angriman M, Maffeis C, . Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity: a systematic review of the literature. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2008;48(6):524–537
  • . Agranat-Meged AN, Deitcher C, Goldzweig G, Leibenson L, Stein M, Galili-Weisstub E. Childhood obesity and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a newly described comorbidity in obese hospitalized children. Int J Eat Disord. 2005;37(4):357–359
  • . Altfas JR. Prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among adults in obesity treatment. BMC Psychiatry. 2002;2:9
  • . Erermis S, Cetin N, Tamar M, Bukusoglu N, Akdeniz F, Goksen D. Is obesity a risk factor for psychopathology among adolescents? Pediatr Int. 2004;46(3):296–301
  • . Fleming JP, Levy LD, Levitan RD. Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in severely obese women. Eat Weight Disord. 2005;10(1):e10–e13
  • . Mustillo S, Worthman C, Erkanli A, Keeler G, Angold A, Costello EJ. Obesity and psychiatric disorder: developmental trajectories. Pediatrics. 2003;111(4 pt 1):851–859
  • . Braet C, Claus L, Verbeken S, Van Vlierberghe L. Impulsivity in overweight children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;16(8):473–483
  • . Anderson SE, Cohen P, Naumova EN, Must A. Relationship of childhood behavior disorders to weight gain from childhood into adulthood. Ambul Pediatr. 2006;6(5):297–301
  • . Biederman J, Faraone SV, Monuteaux MC, Plunkett EA, Gifford J, Spencer T. Growth deficits and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder revisited: impact of gender, development, and treatment. Pediatrics. 2003;111(5 pt 1):1010–1016
  • . Curtin C, Bandini LG, Perrin EC, Tybor DJ, Must A. Prevalence of overweight in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders: a chart review. BMC Pediatr. 2005;5:48
  • . Faraone SV, Biederman J, Monuteaux M, Spencer T. Long-term effects of extended-release mixed amphetamine salts treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on growth. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2005;15(2):191–202
  • . Holtkamp K, Konrad K, Müller B, . Overweight and obesity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004;28(5):685–689
  • . Hubel R, Jass J, Marcus A, Laessle RG. Overweight and basal metabolic rate in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eat Weight Disord. 2006;11(3):139–146
  • . Spencer TJ, Biederman J, Harding M, O'Donnell D, Faraone SV, Wilens TE. Growth deficits in ADHD children revisited: evidence for disorder-associated growth delays? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996;35(11):1460–1469
  • . Spencer TJ, Faraone SV, Biederman J, Lerner M, Cooper KM, Zimmerman B; Concerta Study Group. Does prolonged therapy with a long-acting stimulant suppress growth in children with ADHD? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;45(5):527–537
  • . Swanson J, Greenhill L, Wigal T, . Stimulant-related reductions of growth rates in the PATS. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;45(11):1304–1313
  • . Lam LT, Yang L. Overweight/obesity and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder tendency among adolescents in China. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007;31(4):584–590
  • . Waring ME, Lapane KL. Overweight in children and adolescents in relation to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results from a national sample. Pediatrics. 2008;122(1):e1–e6
  • . Pagoto SL, Curtin C, Lemon SC, . Association between adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obesity in the US population. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17(3):539–544
  • . Ptacek R, Kuzelova H, Paclt I, Zukov I, Fischer S. Anthropometric changes in non-medicated ADHD boys. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2009;30(3):377–381
  • . Hudson JI, Lalonde JK, Berry JM, . Binge-eating disorder as a distinct familial phenotype in obese individuals. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63(3):313–319
  • . Cortese S, Isnard P, Frelut ML, . Association between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and bulimic behaviors in a clinical sample of severely obese adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007;31(2):340–346
  • . Rosval L, Steiger H, Bruce K, Israel M, Richardson J, Aubut M. Impulsivity in women with eating disorders: problem of response inhibition, planning, or attention? Int J Eat Disord. 2006;39(7):590–593
  • . Engel SG, Corneliussen SJ, Wonderlich SA, . Impulsivity and compulsivity in bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2005;38(3):244–251
  • . Nasser JA, Gluck ME, Geliebter A. Impulsivity and test meal intake in obese binge eating women. Appetite. 2004;43(3):303–307
  • . Davis C, Patte K, Levitan RD, . A psycho-genetic study of associations between the symptoms of binge eating disorder and those of attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2009;43(7):687–696
  • . Bass JL, Corwin M, Gozal D, . The effect of chronic or intermittent hypoxia on cognition in childhood: a review of the evidence. Pediatrics. 2004;114(3):805–816
  • . Boonstra TW, Stins JF, Daffertshofer A, Beek PJ. Effects of sleep deprivation on neural functioning: an integrative review. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2007;64(7–8):934–946
  • . Weinberg WA, Brumback RA. Primary disorder of vigilance: a novel explanation of inattentiveness, daydreaming, boredom, restlessness, and sleepiness. J Pediatr. 1990;116(5):720–725
  • . Cortese S, Maffeis C, Konofal E, . Parent reports of sleep/alertness problems and ADHD symptoms in a sample of obese adolescents. J Psychosom Res. 2007;63(6):587–590
  • . Blum K, Sheridan PJ, Wood RC, Braverman ER, Chen TJ, Comings DE. Dopamine D2 receptor gene variants: association and linkage studies in impulsive-addictive-compulsive behaviour. Pharmacogenetics. 1995;5(3):121–141
  • . Heiligenstein E, Keeling RP. Presentation of unrecognized attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in college students. J Am Coll Health. 1995;43(5):226–228
  • . Comings DE, Blum K. Reward deficiency syndrome: genetic aspects of behavioral disorders. Prog Brain Res. 2000;126:325–341
  • . Bazar KA, Yun AJ, Lee PY, Daniel SM, Doux JD. Obesity and ADHD may represent different manifestations of a common environmental oversampling syndrome: a model for revealing mechanistic overlap among cognitive, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders. Med Hypotheses. 2006;66(2):263–269
  • . Mitsuyasu H, Hirata N, Sakai Y, . Association analysis of polymorphisms in the upstream region of the human dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) with schizophrenia and personality traits. J Hum Genet. 2001;46(1):26–31
  • . Tsai SJ, Hong CJ, Yu YW, Chen TJ. Association study of catechol-O-methyltransferase gene and dopamine D4 receptor gene polymorphisms and personality traits in healthy young chinese females. Neuropsychobiology. 2004;50(2):153–156
  • . Poston WS 2nd, Ericsson M, Linder J, . D4 dopamine receptor gene exon III polymorphism and obesity risk. Eat Weight Disord. 1998;3(2):71–77
  • . Kernie SG, Liebl DJ, Parada LF. BDNF regulates eating behavior and locomotor activity in mice. EMBO J. 2000;19(6):1290–1300
  • . Lyons WE, Mamounas LA, Ricaurte GA, . Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-deficient mice develop aggressiveness and hyperphagia in conjunction with brain serotonergic abnormalities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96:15239–15244
  • . Gray J, Yeo GS, Cox JJ, . Hyperphagia, severe obesity, impaired cognitive function, and hyperactivity associated with functional loss of one copy of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene. Diabetes. 2006;55(12):3366–3371
  • . Friedel S, Horro FF, Wermter AK, . Mutation screen of the brain derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF): identification of several genetic variants and association studies in patients with obesity, eating disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2005;132B(1):96–99
  • . Agranat-Meged A, Ghanadri Y, Eisenberg I, Ben NZ, Kieselstein-Gross E, Mitrani-Rosenbaum S. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in obese melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) deficient subjects: a newly described expression of MC4R deficiency. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2008;147B(8):1547–1553
  • . Davis C, Levitan RD, Smith M, Tweed S, Curtis C. Associations among overeating, overweight, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a structural equation modelling approach. Eat Behav. 2006;7(3):266–274
  • . Strimas R, Davis C, Patte K, Curtis C, Reid C, McCool C. Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, overeating, and body mass index in men. Eat Behav. 2008;9(4):516–518
  • . Schweickert LA, Strober M, Moskowitz A. Efficacy of methylphenidate in bulimia nervosa comorbid with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a case report. Int J Eat Disord. 1997;21(3):299–301
  • . Levitan RD, Masellis M, Lam RW, . Childhood inattention and dysphoria and adult obesity associated with the dopamine D4 receptor gene in overeating women with seasonal affective disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004;29(1):179–186
  • . Lackschewitz H, Hüther G, Kröner-Herwig B. Physiological and psychological stress responses in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2008;33(5):612–624
  • . Striegel-Moore RH, Perrin N, DeBar L, Wilson GT, Rosselli F, Kraemer HC. Screening for binge eating disorders using the Patient Health Questionnaire in a community sample. Int J Eat Disord. 2010;43(4):337–343
  • . Cooper Z, Cooper PJ, Fairburn CG. The validity of the eating disorder examination and its subscales. Br J Psychiatry. 1989;154:807–812
  • . Sokol MS, Gray NS, Goldstein A, Kaye WH. Methylphenidate treatment for bulimia nervosa associated with a cluster B personality disorder. Int J Eat Disord. 1999;25:233–237
  • . Levy LD, Fleming JP, Klar D. Treatment of refractory obesity in severely obese adults following management of newly diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Int J Obes (Lond). 2009;33(3):326–334
  • . Gadde KM, Yonish GM, Wagner HR 2nd, Foust MS, Allison DB. Atomoxetine for weight reduction in obese women: a preliminary randomised controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006;30(7): 1138–1142
  • . Gerhard T, Winterstein AG, Olfson M, Huang C, Saidi A, Crystal S. Pre-existing cardiovascular conditions and pharmacological treatment of adult ADHD. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2010;19(5):457–464
  • . Gade W, Schmit J, Collins M, Gade J. Beyond obesity: the diagnosis and pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. Clin Lab Sci. 2010;23(1):51–61
  • . Taylor E, Döpfner M, Sergeant J, . European clinical guidelines for hyperkinetic disorder—first upgrade. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;13( suppl 1):17–130
  • . Bruce AS, Holsen LM, Chambers RJ, . Obese children show hyperactivation to food pictures in brain networks linked to motivation, reward and cognitive control [published online ahead of print May 4, 2010]. Int J Obes (Lond).
  • . Grabenhorst F, Rolls ET, Parris BA, d'Souza AA. How the brain represents the reward value of fat in the mouth. Cereb Cortex. 2010;20(5):1082–1091
  • . Stice E, Yokum S, Bohon C, Marti N, Smolen A. Reward circuitry responsivity to food predicts future increases in body mass: moderating effects of DRD2 and DRD4. Neuroimage. 2010;50(4):1618–1625

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.