343
Views
97
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Clinical Focus: Diabetes

Clinical Interpretation of Indices of Quality of Glycemic Control and Glycemic Variability

, MD
Pages 107-118 | Published online: 13 Mar 2015

References

  • . Cameron FJ, Baghurst PA, Rodbard D. Assessing glycemic variation: why, how and when? Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2010;7( suppl 3):432–444
  • . Hirsch IB. Glycemic variability: it's not just about A1C anymore! Diabetes Technol Ther. 2005;7(5):780–783
  • . Hirsch IB, Brownlee M. The effect of glucose variability on the risk of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(1):186–187
  • . Brownlee M, Hirsch IB. Glycemic variability: a hemoglobin A1c-independent risk factor for diabetic complications. JAMA. 2006;295(14):1707–1708
  • . Hirsch IB, Brownlee M. Should minimal blood glucose variability become the gold standard of glycemic control? J Diabetes Complications. 2005;19(3):178–181
  • . Kilpatrick ES. Arguments for and against the role of glucose variability in the development of diabetes complications. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(4):649–655
  • . Weber C, Schnell O. The assessment of glycemic variability and its impact on diabetes-related complications: an overview. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2009;11(10):623–633
  • . Krinsley JS. Glycemic variability: a strong independent predictor of mortality in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(11):3008–3013
  • . Siegelaar SE, Holleman F, Hoekstra JB, Devries JH. Glucose variability: does it matter? Endocr Rev. 2010;31(2):171–182
  • . Siegelaar SE, Kulik W, van Lenthe H, Mukherjee R, Hoekstra JB, Devries JH. A randomized clinical trial comparing the effect of basal insulin and inhaled mealtime insulin on glucose variability and oxidative stress. Diabetes Obes Metabv. 2009;11(7):709–714
  • . Siegelaar SE, Kilpatrick ES, Rigby AS, Atkin SL, Hoekstra JB, Devries JH. Glucose variability does not contribute to the development of peripheral and autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes: data from the DCCT. Diabetologia. 2009;52(10):2229–2232
  • . Kilpatrick ES, Rigby AS, Atkin SL. The effect of glucose variability on the risk of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1486–1490
  • . Kilpatrick ES, Rigby AS, Atkin SL. Effect of glucose variability on the long-term risk of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(10):1901–1903
  • . Bragd J, Adamson U, Bäcklund LB, Lins PE, Moberg E, Oskarsson P. Can glycaemic variability, as calculated from blood glucose self-monitoring, predict the development of complications in type 1 diabetes over a decade? Diabetes Metab. 2008;34(6 pt 1):612–616
  • . Snell-Bergeon JK, Roman R, Rodbard D,. Glycaemic variability and coronary artery calcium: the coronary artery calcification in type 1 diabetes study. Diabetic Medicine. 2010;27(12):1436–1442
  • . Rodbard D. Predicting the risk of hypo- and hyperglycemia by time of day, date, and day of the week–new methods for calculation and graphical display. [Abstract 491-P]. Diabetes. 2010;59( suppl 1):A132
  • . Rodbard D. Optimizing display, analysis, interpretation and utility of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) data for management of patients with diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2007;1(1):62–71
  • . Rodbard D. Interpretation of continuous glucose monitoring data: glycemic variability, and quality of control. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2009;11( suppl 1):S55–S67
  • . Rodbard D. New and improved methods to characterize glycemic variability using continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2009;11(9):551–565. Supplement appendix: http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/suppl/10.1089/dia.2009.0015. Accessed May 31, 2011
  • . Kovatchev BP, Cox DJ, Gonder-Frederick LA, Young-Hyman D, Schlundt D, Clarke W. Assessment of risk for severe hypoglycemia among adults with IDDM: validation of the low blood glucose index. Diabetes Care. 1998;21(11):1870–1875
  • . Kovatchev BP, Otto E, Cox D, Gonder-Frederick L, Clarke W. Evaluation of a new measure of blood glucose variability in diabetes. (ADRR). Diabetes Care. 2006;29(11):2433–2438
  • . Clarke W, Kovatchev B. Statistical tools to analyze continuous glucose monitor data. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2009;11( suppl 1):S45–S54
  • . Hill NR, Hindmarsh PC, Stevens RJ, Stratton IM, Levy JC, Matthews DR. A method for assessing quality of control from glucose profiles. Diabet Med. 2007;24(7):753–758
  • . Service FJ, Molnar GD, Rosevear JW, Ackerman E, Gatewood LC, Taylor WF. Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, a measure of diabetic instability. Diabetes. 1970;19(9):644–655
  • . Service FJ, O'Brien PC, Rizza RA. Measurements of glucose control. Diabetes Care. 1987;10:225–237
  • . Service FJ, Nelson RL. Characteristics of glycemic stability. Diabetes Care. 1980;3(1):58–62
  • . McDonnell CM, Donath SM, Vidmar SI, Werther GA, Cameron FJ. A novel approach to continuous glucose analysis utilizing glycemic variation. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2005;7(2):253–263
  • . Schlichtkrull J, Munck O, Jersild M. The M-value, an index of blood-sugar control in diabetics. Acta Med Scand. 1965:177:95–102
  • . Wójcicki JM. “J”-index. A new proposition of the assessment of current glucose control in diabetic patients. Horm Metab Res. 1995;27:41–42
  • . Baghurst PA, Rodbard D, Cameron FJ. The minimum frequency of glucose measurements from which glycemic variation can be consistently assessed. J Diab Sci Tech. 2010;4(6):1382–1385
  • . Baghurst PA. Calculating the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion from continuous glucose monitoring data: an automated algorithm. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2011;13(3):296–302
  • . Fritzsche G, Kohnert KD, Heinke P, Vogt L, Salzsieder E. The use of a computer program to calculate the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2011;13(3):319–325
  • . Garg S, Jovanovic L. Relationship of fasting and hourly blood glucose levels to HbA1C values: safety, accuracy, and improvements in glucose profiles obtained using a 7-day continuous glucose sensor. Diabetes Care. 2006:29:2644–2649
  • . Rodbard D, Bailey T, Jovanovic L, Zisser H, Kaplan R, Garg S. Improved quality of glycemic control and reduced glycemic variability with use of continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2009;11(11):717–723
  • . Rodbard D, Jovanovic L, Garg S. Responses to continuous glucose monitoring in subjects with type 2 diabetes using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple daily injections. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2009;11(12):757–765
  • . Rodbard D. Measures of glycemic variability and quality of glycemic control obtained using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM): reference data to facilitate clinical interpretation [Abstract 490-P]. Diabetes. 2010;59( suppl 1):A132
  • . Rodbard D. A new index of glycemic variability (IGV) combining results from multiple criteria. Abstract 2060-P. Diabetes. 2010;59 ( suppl 1):A539
  • . McCall AL, Kovatchev BP. The median is not the only message: a clinician's perspective on mathematical analysis of glycemic variability and modeling in diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(1):3–11
  • . Mazze RS, Strock E, Wesley D, Borgman S, Morgan B, Bergenstal R, Cuddihy R. Characterizing glucose exposure for individuals with normal glucose tolerance using continuous glucose monitoring and ambulatory glucose profile analysis. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2008;10(3):149–159
  • . Siegelaar SE, Kerr L, Jacober SJ, Devries JH. A decrease in glucose variability does not reduce cardiovascular event rates in type 2 diabetic patients after acute myocardial infarction: a reanalysis of the HEART2D study. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(4):855–857
  • . Czerwoniuk D, Fendler W, Walenciak L, Mlynarski W. GlyCulator: A glycemic variability calculation tool for continuous glucose monitoring data. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2011;5(2):447–451
  • . Bross IDJ. How to use RIDIT analysis. Biometrics. 1958;14:18–38

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.