References
- . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes Report Card 2012. http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/DiabetesReportCard.pdf. Accessed October 22, 2012
- . Liebl A, Mata M, Eschwège E; ODE-2 Advisory Board. Evaluation of risk factors for development of complications in type II diabetes in Europe. Diabetologia. 2002;45(7):S23–S28
- . Saydah SH, Fradkin J, Cowie CC. Poor control of risk factors for vascular disease among adults with previously diagnosed diabetes. JAMA. 2004;291(3):335–342
- . Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, . Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000;321(7258):405–412
- . Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB, ; American Diabetes Association, European Association for Study of Diabetes. Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(1):193–203
- . Meier JJ, Gallwitz B, Salmen S, . Normalization of glucose concentrations and deceleration of gastric emptying after solid meals during intravenous glucagon-like peptide 1 in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(6):2719–2725
- . Flint A, Raben A, Astrup A, Hoist JJ. Glucagon-like peptide 1 promotes satiety and suppresses energy intake in humans. J Clin Invest. 1998;101(3):515–520
- . Deacon CF, Nauck MA, Toft—Nielsen M, Pridal L, Willms B, Hoist JJ. Both subcutaneously and intravenously administered glucagon-like peptide 1 are rapidly degraded from the NH2-terminus in type II diabetic patients and in healthy subjects. Diabetes. 1995;44(9):1126–1131
- . Byetta [package insert]. San Diego, CA: Amylin Pharmaceuticals; 2005
- . Victoza [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Novo Nordisk; 2010
- . Byetta [summary of product characteristics]. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000698/WC500051845.pdf. Accessed June 18, 2012
- . Victoza [summary of product characteristics]. http://www.glucagon.com/pdfs/VictozaPIEU.pdf. Accessed June 18, 2012
- . Bydureon [package insert]. San Diego, CA: Amylin Pharmaceuticals; 2010
- . Bydureon [summary of product characteristics], http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/002020/WC500108241.pdf. Accessed June 18, 2012
- . Shyangdan DS, Royle P, Clar C, Sharma P, Waugh N, Snaith A. Glucagon-like peptide analogues for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;10:CD006423
- . Rosenstock J, Stewart MW. Albiglutide. Glucagon-like peptide GLP-1 receptor agonist, treatment of type 2 diabetes. Drugs Fut. 2010;35:701–712
- . Rosenstock J, Reusch J, Bush M, Yang F, Stewart M; Albiglutide Study Group. Potential of albiglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial exploring weekly, biweekly, and monthly dosing. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(10):1880–1886
- . Matthews JE, Stewart MW, De Boever EH, ; Albiglutide Study Group. Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of albiglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetic, in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(12):4810–4817
- . Fonarow GC. The management of the diabetic patient with prior cardiovascular events. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2003;4( suppl 6):S38–S49
- . Lanoxin [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2009
- . Gheorghiade M, Adams KF Jr, Colucci WS. Digoxin in the management of cardiovascular disorders. Circulation. 2004;109(24):2959–2964
- . Coumadin [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb; 2011
- . Hewick DS, McEwen J. Plasma half-lives, plasma metabolites and anticoagulant efficacies of the enantiomers of warfarin in man. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1973;25(6):458–465
- . Eble JN, West BD, Link KP. A comparison of the isomers of warfarin. Biochem Pharmacol. 1966;15:1003–1006
- . Hirsh J, Dalen J, Anderson DR, Poller L, Bussey H, Ansell J, Deykin D. Oral anticoagulants: mechanism of action, clinical effectiveness, and optimal therapeutic range. Chest. 2001;119(1 suppl 1):8S–21S
- . Kaminsky LS, Zhang ZY. Human P450 metabolism of warfarin. Pharmacol Ther. 1997;73(1):67–74
- . Diabetes Atlas, 3rd ed. http://www.diabetesatlas.org/sites/default/files/IDF%20Diabetes%20Atlas-2007%20%283rd%20edition%29.pd.f Accessed May 2, 2011
- . Goldzieher JW, de la Peña A, Chenault CB, Cervantes A. Comparative studies of the ethynyl estrogens used in oral contraceptives. III. Effect on plasma gonadotropins. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1975; 122(5):625–636
- . Guengerich FP. Oxidation of 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol by human liver cytochrome P-450. Mol Pharmacol. 1988;33(5):500–508
- . Kothare PA, Soon DK, Linnebjerg H, . Effect of exenatide on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of digoxin. J Clin Pharmacol. 2005;45(9):1032–1037
- . Soon D, Kothare PA, Linnebjerg H, . Effect of exenatide on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy Asian men. J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;46(10):1179–1187
- . Jacobsen LV, Vouis J, Hindsberger C, Zdravkovic M. Treatment with liraglutide—a once-daily GLP-1 analog—does not reduce the bioavailability of ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel taken as an oral combination contraceptive drug. J Clin Pharmacol. 2011;51(12):1696–1703
- . World Health Organization. WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. Technical Report Series. 1983;687:81