References
- . Soriano A, Martinez JA, Mensa J, . Pathogenic significance of methicillin resistance for patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;30:368–373
- . Corey GR. Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: Definitions and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48( Suppl 4):254–259
- . Mendell TH. Staphylococcic septicemia—a review of thirty-five cases, with six recoveries, twenty-nine deaths and sixteen autopsies. Arch Intern Med. 1939;63:1068–1083
- . Jensen AG. Importance of focus identification in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. J Hosp Infect. 2002;52:29–36
- . Peacock SJ. Staphylococcus. In: Murray PR, Boriello P, eds. Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections, 10th ed. London: Hodder Arnold; 2005:771–816
- . Ahmed AOA, Belkum AV, Fahal AH, . Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and epidemiology of surgical site infections in a Sudanese University Hospital. J Clin Microbiol. 1998;36(12):3614–3618
- . Rongpharpi SR, Hazarika NK, Kalita H. The prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers at a tertiary care hospital in Assam with special reference to MRSA. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(2):257–260
- . Shibawa A, Abebe T, Mihret A. Nasal carriage rate of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Dessie Referral hospital health care workers: Dessie, North-east Ethiopia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2013;2:25
- . Jones LB, McGrogan P, Flood TJ, . Chronic granulomatous disease in the United Kingdom and Ireland: a comprehensive national patient-based registry. Clin Exp Immunol. 2008;152:211–218
- . Peres AG, Madrenas J. The broad landscape of immune interactions with Staphylococcus aureus: from commensalism to lethal infections. Burns. 2013;39(3):380–388
- . Rose WE, Eickhoff JC, Shukla SK, . Elevated serum interleukin-10 at time of hospital admission is predictive of mortality in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. J Infect Dis. 2012;206:1604–1611
- . Nolan CM, Beaty HN. Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Current clinical patterns. Am J Med. 1976;60:495–500
- . Muder RR, Brennen C, Rihs JD, . Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from the urinary tract: association of isolation with symptomatic urinary tract infection and subsequent staphylococcal bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:46–50
- . Kessler M, Hoen B, Mayeux D, Hestin D, Fontenaille C. Bacteremia in patients on chronic hemodialysis. A multicenter prospective study. Nephron. 1993;64:95–100
- . Lee BK, Crossley K, Gerding DN. The association between Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and bacteriuria. Am J Med. 1978;65:303–306
- . Liu C, Bayer A, Cosgrove SE, . Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52:1–38
- . Lowy FD. Staphylococcal infections. In: Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Braunwald E, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012:902–1003
- . Prasad R, Mishra OP, Pant P. Deep Vein Thrombosis with Staphylococcus aureus septicemia. Indian Paedtr. 2007;44:43–44
- . Karande S, Muranjan M. Native aortic valve endocarditis secondary to Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. Indian Pediatr. 2012;49:764–768
- . Sood M, Sharma S, Grover N Staphylococcus aureus infection: Clinical profile and outcome among children admitted to a tertiary care hospital in developing economy. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012;4(3):101–106
- . Ladhani S, Konana OS, Mwarumba S, English MC. Bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89:568–571
- . Chamis AL, Peterson GL, Cabell CH, . Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in patients with permanent pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Circulation. 2001;104:1029–1033
- . Engemann JJ, Friedman JY, Reed SD, . Clinical outcomes and costs due to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia among patients receiving long-term hemodialysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2005;26(6):534–539
- . Czachor JS, Herchline TE. Bacteremic non-menstrual staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome associated with enterotoxins A and C. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32(3):53–56
- . Van Mierlo PJ, De Boer SY, Van Dissel JT, Arend SM. Recurrent staphylococcal bacteremia and subhepatic abscess associated with gallstones spilled during laparoscopic cholecystectomy two years earlier. Neth J Med. 2002;60(4):177–180
- . Kreis T, Vale R. Guidebook to the Extracellular Matrix, Anchor, and Adhesion Proteins. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 1999
- . Kaneko J, Kamio Y. Bacterial two-component and hetero-heptameric pore-forming cytolytic toxins: structures pore-forming mechanism organization of the genes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2004;68:981–1003
- . McCormick JK, Yarwood JM, Schlievert PM. Toxic shock syndrome and bacterial superantigens: an update. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2001;55:77–104
- . Wang ZQ, Orlikowsky T, Dudhane A, . Staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced T-cell anergy is mediated by regulatory T cells. Immunology. 1998;94(3):331–339
- . Otto M. Quorum-sensing control in staphylococci—a target for antimicrobial drug therapy? FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2004;241(2):135–141
- . Rooijakkers SH, Ruyken M, Roos A, Daha MR, Presanis JS, Sim RB. Immune evasion by a staphylococcal complement inhibitor that acts on C3 convertases. Nat Immunol. 2005;6(9):920–927
- . Haas PJ, de Haas CJ, Kleibeuker W, Poppelier MJ, van Kessel KP, Kruijtzer JA. N-terminal residues of the chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus are essential for blocking formulated peptide receptor but not C5a receptor. J Immunol. 2004;173:5704–5711
- . Chavakis T, Hussain M, Kanse SM, . Staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence protein serves as anti-inflammatory factor by inhibiting the recruitment of host leukocytes. Nat Med. 2002;8(7):687–693
- . Bokarewa MI, Jin T, Tarkowski A. Staphylococcus aureus: staphylokinase. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2006;38(4):504–509
- . Lee LY, Liang X, Hook M, Brown EL. Identification and characterization of the C3 binding domain of the Staphylococcus aureus extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (Efb). J Biol Chem. 2004;279(49):50710–50716
- . Proctor RA, Kahl B, von Eiff C, Vaudaux PE, Lew DP, Peters G. Staphylococcal small colony variants have novel mechanisms for antibiotic resistance. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27( Suppl 1):S68–S74
- . Patel R. Biofilms and antimicrobial resistancexxx. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;41–47
- . Lowy FD. Antimicrobial resistance: the example of Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Invest. 2003;111(9):1265–1273
- . Jansen WT, Beitsma MM, Koeman CJ, Van Wamel WJ, Verhoef J, Fluit AC. Novel mobile variants of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50:2072–2078
- . Loomba PS, Taneja J, Mishra B. Methicillin and vancomycin resistant S. aureus in hospitalized patients. J Global Infect Dis. 2010;2:275–283
- . Duggal S, Kaur N, Hans C. Outbreak of MRSA in burns ward. J Clin Diagn Res. 2011;5(3):476–479
- . Tenover FC, Moellering RC Jr. The rationale for revising the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute vancomycin minimal inhibitory concentration interpretive criteria for Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:1208–1215
- . Gould IM. The problem with glycopeptides. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007;30:1–3
- . Saravolatz LD, Pawlak J, Johnson LB. In vitro susceptibilities and molecular analysis of vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55:582–586
- . Melo-Cristino J, Resina C, Manuel V, Lito L, Ramirez M. First case of infection with vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Europe. Lancet. 2013;382(9888):205
- . Peeters MJ, Sarria JC. Clinical characteristics of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Am J Med Sci. 2005;330:102–104
- . McConeghy KW, Bleasdale SC, Rodvold KA. The empirical therapy of vancomycin and a β-lactam for Staphylococcal bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(12):1760–1765
- . Mitchell DH, Howden BP. Diagnosis and management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Intern Med J. 2005;35( Suppl 2):S17–S24
- . Rybak MJ, Lomestro BM, Rotschafer JC, . Vancomycin therapeutic guidelines: a summary of consensus recommendations from the Infectious Disease Society of America, the American Society of Health System Pharmacist, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49:325–327
- . Chang FY, Peacock JE Jr, Musher DM, . Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: recurrence and the impact of antibiotic treatment in a prospective multicenter study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2003;82(5):333–339
- . Kreisel K, Boyd K, Langenberg P, Roghmann MC. Risk factors for recurrence in patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections complicated by bacteremia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006;55(3):179–184
- . Welsh KJ, Skrobarcek KA, Abbott AN, . Predictors of relapse of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia after treatment with vancomycin. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:3669–3672
- . Neuner EA, Casabar E, Reichley R, McKinnon PS. Clinical, microbiologic, and genetic determinants of persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010;67:228–233
- . den Reijer PM, Lemmens-den Toom N, Kant S, . Characterization of the humoral immune response during Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and global gene expression by Staphylococcus aureus in human blood. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53391
- . Adhikari RP, Karauzum H, Sarwar J, . Novel structurally designed vaccine for S. aureus α-hemolysin: protection against bacteremia and pneumonia. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38567
- . Kolata J, Bode LG, Holtfreter S, . Distinctive patterns in the human antibody response to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in carriers and non-carriers. Proteomics. 2011;11(19):3914–3927
- . Duggal S, Jesaiwal SK, Tandon N, Chugh TD. Direct inoculation on Phoenix panels for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility from positive BACTEC cultures: First study from India. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2011;29:283–287
- . Oliveira K, Procop GW, Wilson D, Coull J, Stender H. Rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus directly from blood cultures by fluorescence in situ hybridization with peptide nucleic acid probes. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40(1):247–251
- . Tang YW, Kilic A, Yang Q, . StaphPlex system for rapid and simultaneous identification of antibiotic resistance determinants and Panton–Valentine leukocidin detection of staphylococci from positive blood cultures. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45(6):1867–1873
- . La Scola B, Raoult D. Direct identification of bacteria in positive blood culture bottles by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. PLoS One. 2009;4(11):e8041
- . Wolk DM, Blyn LB, Hall TA, . Pathogen profiling: rapid molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus by PCR/ESI-MS and correlation with phenotype. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47(10):3129–3137