How effective is microfinance in reaching the poorest? Empirical evidence on programme outreach in rural Pakistan

References

• Adato , M. and Haddad , L. 2001 . Targeting Poverty Through Community-Based Public Works Programs: a Cross-Disciplinary Assessment of Recent Experience in South Africa: FCND Discussion Papers , Washington, DC , , USA : IFPRI .
   Google Scholar
• Aguilar , V. G. 2006 . Is Micro-Finance Reaching the Poor? An Overview of Poverty Targeting Methods [online], [cited 12 September 2009]. Available from Internet: http://www.globenet.org/archives/web/2006/www.globenet.org/horizon-local/ada/c18.html
   Google Scholar
• Asian Development Bank (ADB) . 2012 . Microfinance Development Strategy 2000: Sector Performance and Client Welfare: special evaluation study , September 2012 . ADB , Manila , , Philippines .
   Google Scholar
• Banerjee , A. and Duflo , E. 2011 . Poor Economics: a Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty , New York , , USA : PublicAffairs .
   Google Scholar
• Barua , P. ; Sulaiman , M. 2006 . Targeting the poorest in microfinance: poverty outreach of BDP ultra poor programme , BRAC , CFPR/TUP working paper series No. 13 . Bangladesh and Aga Khan Foundation Canada .
   Google Scholar
• Chowdhury , M. J. A. 2008 . Poverty and microfinance: an investigation into the role of microcredit in reducing the poverty level of borrowing households in Bangladesh and the Philippines , The Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations Summer/Fall 2008 . Seton Hall University , South Orange , NJ .
   Google Scholar
• Churchill , C. , Hirschland , M. and Painter , J. 2002 . New Directions in Poverty Finance Village Banking Revisited , Washington , DC : The Small Enterprise Education and Promotion Network .
   Google Scholar
• Copestake , J. 2002 . Inequality and the polarizing impact of microcredit: evidence from Zambia's copperbelt . Journal of International Development , 14 ( 6 ) : 743 – 755 .
   Google Scholar
• Dahl-Ostergaard , T. , Moore , D. , Ramirez , V. , Wenner , M. and Bonde , A. 2003 . Community-Driven Rural Development: what Have We Learned? , Washington , DC : Inter-American Development Bank, paper No RUR-112 .
   Google Scholar
• Dowla , A. 1998 . Micro Leasing: the Grameen Bank Experience , Maryland , , USA : St. Mary's College of Maryland .
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg , N. 2005 . Measuring the Impact of Microfinance: Taking Stock of What We Know, USA , Washington , DC : Grameen Foundation USA .
   Google Scholar
• Grameen Bank . 2011 . Struggling [Beggars] Members Programme , Annual report [online], [cited 5 May 2013]. Available from Internet: http://www.grameen-info.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1179&Itemid=1005
   Google Scholar
• Gupta , M. R. and Chaudhuri , S. 1997 . Formal credit, corruption and the informal credit market in agriculture: a theoretical analysis . Economica , 64 : 331 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haider , M. 2008 . Punjab contributes over 50pc to GDP growth , The News International , 18 December . Lahore .
   Google Scholar
• Henry , C. , Lapenu , C. , Zeller , M. and Sharma , M. 2003 . Microfinance Poverty Assessment Tool , Washington, DC , , USA : The World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Hossain , M. ; Diaz , C. P. 1997 . Reaching the poor with effective microcredit: evaluation of a Grameen Bank replication in the Philippines , Grameen Bank . Los Baños , , Philippines : IRRI .
   Google Scholar
• Hulme , D. 2008 . The story of the Grameen Bank: from subsidised microcredit to market-based microfinance , BWPI Working Paper Series No. 60 . University of Manchester , U.K .
   Google Scholar
• Hulme , D. and Mosley , P. 1996 . Finance against poverty , Vol. I, II , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Ivatury , G. 2005 . Foreword to: Electronic Banking with the Poor: Increasing the Outreach and Sustainability of Microfinance through ICT Innovation, by S. Mathison , Brisbane : The Foundation for Development Cooperation .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , S. and Rogaly , B. 1997 . Microfinance and Poverty Reduction , Oxford , , UK : Oxfam Actionaid .
   Google Scholar
• Lian , J. , Lai , M. , Lin , Q. and Yao , S. 2002 . Application of data mining and process knowledge discovery in sheet metal assembly dimensional variation diagnosis . Journal of Materials Processing Technology , 129 ( 1–3 ) : 315 – 320 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maes , J. Foose , L. 2006a . Microfinance services for very poor people: promising approaches from the field and the US law's mandate to reach very poor people: what strategies are MFIs developing, and what do they mean for the rest of the field? , in 2006 Global Summit of The Microcredit Summit Campaign: a practitioner survey, commissioned papers on microcredit . Halifax , Canada .
   Google Scholar
• Maes , J. and Foose , L. 2006b . Microfinance and Non-Financial Services For Very Poor People: Digging Deeper to Find Keys to Success , Washington , DC : The SEEP Network, The SEEP Network Poverty Outreach Working Group .
   Google Scholar
• Mansuri , G. and Rao , V. 2004 . Community-based and -driven development: a critical review . World Bank Research Observer , 19 ( 1 ) : 1 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Márquez , F. and García-Pardo , I. P. 2009 . Principal component analysis applied to filtered signals for maintenance management . Quality and Reliability Engineering International , 26 ( 6 ) : 523 – 527 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , O. S. 2001 . Reaching the poor: fine tuning poverty targeting using a ‘Poverty Map’ – the case of Mozambique , WIDER Discussion Paper series 2001/133 . Helsinki , , Finland : UNU/ WIDER .
   Google Scholar
• Matin , I. , Hulme , D. and Rutherford , S. 2002 . Finance for the poor: from microcredit to microfinancial services . Journal of International Development , 14 ( 2 ) : 273 – 294 .
   Google Scholar
• Mkandawire , T. 2005 . Targeting and universalism in poverty reduction , Social Policy and Development Programme paper No. 23 . Geneva , , Switzerland : United Nations Research Institute for Social Development .
   Google Scholar
• Pischke , J. D. 1991 . Finance at the Frontier: Debt Capacity and the Role of Credit in the Private Economy , Washington, DC , , USA : The World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Robinson , M. S. 2001 . The Microfinance Revolution: Sustainable Finance for the Poor: lessons from Indonesia, the emerging industry , Washington , DC : World Bank Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Sananikone , O. 2002 . Helping to improve donor effectiveness in microfinance: microfinance and the millennium development goals , CGAP: Donor Brief, No. 9 , December 2002 . Washington , DC .
   Google Scholar
• Shlens , J. 2005 . A Tutorial on Principal Component Analysis , San Diego La Jolla : Institute for Nonlinear Science, University of California .
   Google Scholar
• Srivastava , P. 2004 . Poverty Targeting in Asia: Country Experience of India , ADB Institute Discussion Paper No. 5 . Tokyo : Asian Development Bank Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Sundrum , R. M. 1992 . Income Distribution in Less Developed Countries , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• The World Bank . 2005 . The Effectiveness of World Bank Support for Community-Based and-Driven Development an OED Evaluation . Washington , DC : The World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Woller , G. , Simanowitz , A. and Copestake , J. 2004 . Integrating Poverty Assessment into Client Assessment. Progress Note , Washington , DC : The Seep Network .
   Google Scholar
• Zeller , M. Johannsen , J. 2006 . Is there a difference in poverty outreach by type of microfinance institution? The case of Peru and Bangladesh , in The Global Conference on Access to Finance: Building Inclusive Financial Systems , May 30–31 , 2006 , The World Bank and the Brookings Institution in Washington , DC .
   Google Scholar
• Zeller , M. ; Sharma , M. ; Henry , C. ; Lapenu , C. 2001 . An Operational Tool for Evaluating Poverty Outreach of Development Policies and Projects , Discussion Paper Briefs . Washington, DC , , USA : IFPRI
   Google Scholar