LITERATURE CITED
- Baskin CC, Baskin JM. 1998. Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. San Diego: Academic Press.
- Bernon GL. 1995. Status of mass-reared gypsy moths: protocol. USDA, Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rpt. NE-213: 54.
- Hajek AE. 1997a. Ecology of terrestrial entomopathogenic fungi. Adv Micro Ecol 15:193–249.
- ———. 1997b. Entomophaga maimaiga reproductive output is determined by spore type initiating an infection. Mycol Res 101:971–974.
- ———. 1999. Pathology and epizootiology of the Lepidoptera-specific mycopathogen Entomophaga maimaiga. Micro Molec Biol Rev 63:814–835.
- ———, Eastburn CC. 2001. Effect of host insects on activation of Entomophaga maimaiga resting spores. J Invertebr Pathol 77:290–291.
- ———, Humber RA. 1997. Formation and germination of Entomophaga maimaiga azygospores. Can J Bot 75: 1739–1747.
- ———, Shimazu M. 1996. Types of spores produced by Entomophaga maimaiga infecting the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar. Can J Bot 74:708–715.
- ———, Bauer L, McManus ML, Wheeler MM. 1998a. Distribution of resting spores of the Lymantria dispar pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga in soil and on bark. BioControl 43:189–200.
- ———, Tatman KM, Wanner PH, Wheeler MM. 1998b. Location and persistence of cadavers of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, containing Entomophaga maimaiga azygospores. Mycologia 90:754–760.
- ———, Wheeler MM, Eastburn CC, Bauer LS. 2001. Storage of resting spores of the gypsy moth fungal pathogen, Entomophaga maimaiga. Biocontr Sci Technol 11:637–647.
- Kogan PH, Hajek AE. 2000. Formation of azygospores by the insect pathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga in cell culture. J Invertebr Pathol 75:193–201.
- Latgé J-P. 1980. Sporulation de Entomophthora obscura Hall & Dunn en culture liquide. Can J Microbiol 26:1038–1048.
- Nielsen C, Milgroom MG, Hajek AE. 2005. Genetic diversity in the gypsy moth fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga from founder populations in North America and source populations in Asia. Mycol Res 109:941–950.
- Pell J, Steinkraus D, Eilenberg J, Hajek A. 2001. Exploring the potential of Entomophthorales in integrated crop management. In: Butt T, Jackson C, Magan N, eds. Fungal biocontrol agents: progress, problems and potential. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer. p 71–167.
- Perry DF, Tyrrell D, DeLyzer AJ. 1982. The mode of germination of Zoophthora radicans zygospores. Mycologia 74:549–554.
- Sokol RC, Stross RG. 1986. Annual germination window in oospores of Nitella furcata (Charophyceae). J Phycol 22:403–406.
- Soper RS, Holbrook FR, Majchrowicz I, Gordon CC. 1975. Production of Entomophthora resting spores for biological control of aphids. Univ Maine at Orono, Life Sci. Ag. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. 76:15.
- ———, Shimazu M, Humber RA, Ramos ME, Hajek AE. 1988. Isolation and characterization of Entomophaga maimaiga sp. nov., a fungal pathogen of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, from Japan. J Invertebr Pathol 51:229–241.
- van der Gaag DJ, Frinking HD. 1997. Factors affecting germination of oospores of Peronospora viciae f. sp. pisi in vitro. Eur J Pl Pathol 103:573–580.
- Weseloh RM, Andreadis TG. 1992. Epizootiology of the fungus Entomophaga maimaiga, and its impact on gypsy moth populations. J Invertebr Pathol 59:133–141.
- Wilding N, Latteur G, Dedryver CA. 1986. Evaluation of Entomophthorales for aphid control: laboratory and field data. In: Samson RA, Vlak JM, Peters D, eds. Fundamental and applied aspects of invertebrate pathology. Wageningen, Netherlands: Found 4th Internat. Colloq. Invertebr. Pathol. p 159–162.