Phylogenetic divergence, morphological and physiological differences distinguish a new Neotyphodium endophyte species in the grass Bromus auleticus from South America

LITERATURE CITED

• Afkhami ME, Rudgers JA. 2008. Symbiosis lost: imperfect vertical transmission of fungal endophytes in grasses. Am Nat 172:405–416.
   Google Scholar
• Bultman TL, Leuchtmann A. 2003. A test of host specialization by insect vectors as a mechanism for reproductive isolation among entomophilous fungal species. Oikos 103:681–687.
   Google Scholar
• Bush LP, Wilkinson HH, Schardl CL. 1997. Bioprotective alkaloids of grass funga1 endophyte symbioses. Pl Physiol 114:1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Byrd AD, Schardl CL, Songlin PJ, Mogen KL, Siegel MR. 1990. The β-tubulin gene of Epichloë typhina from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Curr Genet 18: 347–354.
   Google Scholar
• Cabral D, Cafaro MJ, Saidman B, Lugo M, Reddy PV, White JF Jr. 1999. Evidence supporting the ocurrence of a new species of endophyte in some South American grasses. Mycologia 91:315–325.
   Google Scholar
• Christensen MJ, Latch GC, Tapper BA. 1991. Variation within isolates of Acremonium endophytes from perennial rye-grass. Mycol Res 95:918–923.
   Google Scholar
• ———, Saulsbury K. 2007. Conspicuous epiphytic growth of a Neotyphodium endophyte on perennial ryegrass inflorescences. In: Popay A, Thom ER, eds. New Zealand Grassland Association Endophyte Symposium. NZ Grass Assoc 13:155.
   Google Scholar
• Chung K-R, Schardl CL. 1997. Sexual cycle and horizontal transmission of the grass symbiont Epichloë typhina. Mycol Res 101:295–301.
   Google Scholar
• Clark EM, White JF, Patterson RM. 1983. Improved histochemical techniques for the detection of Acremonium coenophialum in tall fescue and methods of in vitro culture of the fungus. J Microbiol Meth 1:149–155.
   Google Scholar
• Craven KD, Blakenship JD, Leuchtmann A, Hignight K, Schardl CL. 2001. Hybrid fungal endophytes symbiotic with the grass Lolium pretense. Sydowia 53:44–73.
   Google Scholar
• Faeth SH, Helander ML, Saikkonen KT. 2004. Asexual Neotyphodium endophytes in a native grass reduce competitive abilities. Ecol Lett 7:304–313.
   Google Scholar
• Gams W, Petrini O, Schmidt D. 1990. Acremonium uncinatum, a new endophyte in Festuca pratensis. Mycotaxon 37:67–71.
   Google Scholar
• Gentile A, Rossi MS, Cabral D, Craven KD, Schardl CL. 2005. Origin, divergence and phylogeny of epichloë endophytes of native Argentine grasses. Mol Phylogenet Evol 35:196–208.
   Google Scholar
• Iannone LJ, Cabral D. 2006. Effects of the Neotyphodium endophyte status on plant performance of Bromus auleticus, a wild native grass from South America. Symbiosis 41:61–69.
   Google Scholar
• Lugo M, Anton A, Cabral D. 1998. Presencia y distribución de micófilas en gramíneas de Argentina. Anales Jard Bot Madrid 56:15–22.
   Google Scholar
• Millot JC. 2001. Bromus auleticus: una nueva especie domesticada. In: Diálogo LVI: los recursos fitogenéticos del género Bromus en el cono sur. PROCISUR-IICA 3–5.
   Google Scholar
• Moon CD, Scott B, Schardl CL, Christensen MJ. 2000. The evolutionary origins of epichloë endophytes from annual ryegrasses. Mycologia 92:1103–1118.
   Google Scholar
• ———, Miles CO, Jarlfors U, Schardl CL. 2002. The evolutionary origins of three new Neotyphodium endophyte species from grasses indigenous to the southern hemisphere. Mycologia 94:694–711.
   Google Scholar
• ———, Craven KD, Leuchtmann A, Clement SL, Schardl CL. 2004. Prevalence of interspecific hybrids amongst asexual fungal endophytes of grasses. Mol Ecol 13: 1455–1467.
   Google Scholar
• ———, Guillaumin J-J, Ravel C, Li C, Craven KD, Schardl CL. 2007. New Neotyphodium endophyte species from the grass tribes Stipeae and Meliceae. Mycologia 99: 895–905.
   Google Scholar
• Nixon KC. 1999. Winclada (Beta) Ver. 0.9.9.
   Google Scholar
• Novas MV, Collantes M, Cabral D. 2007. Environmental effects on grass-endophyte associations in the harsh conditions of south Patagonia. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 61:164–173.
   Google Scholar
• ———, Gentile A, Cabral D. 2003. Comparative study of growth parameters on diaspores and seedlings between populations of Bromus setifolius from Patagonia, differing in Neotyphodium endophyte infection. Flora 198:421–426.
   Google Scholar
• Raisbeck MF, Rottinghaus GE, Kendall JD. 1991. Effects of naturally occurring mycotoxins on ruminants. In: Smith JE, Henderson RS, eds. Mycotoxins and animal foods. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p 647–677.
   Google Scholar
• Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP. 2003. Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574.
   Google Scholar
• Saikkonen K, Ahlholm J, Helander M, Lehtimäki S, Niemeläinen O. 2000. Endophytic fungi in wild and cultivated grasses in Finland. Ecography 23:360–366.
   Google Scholar
• Schardl CL, Craven KD, Speakman S, Stromberg A, Lindstrom A, Yoshida R. 2008. A novel test for host-symbiont codivergence indicates ancient origin of fungal endophytes in grasses. Sys Biol 57:483–498.
   Google Scholar
• ———, Grossman RB, Nagabhyru P, Faulkner JR, Mallik UP. 2007. Loline alkaloids: currencies of mutualism. Phytochemistry 68:980–996.
   Google Scholar
• ———, Leuchtmann A, Spiering MJ. 2004. Symbioses of grasses with seedborne fungal endophytes. Ann Rev Pl Biol 55:315–340.
   Google Scholar
• ———, Panaccione DG, Tudzynski P. 2006. Ergot alkaloids-biology and molecular biology. Alkaloids Chem Biol 63: 45–86.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan TJ, Faeth SH. 2004. Gene flow in the endophyte Neotyphodium and implications for coevolution with Festuca arizonica. Mol Ecol 13:649–656.
   Google Scholar
• Swofford DL. 1998. PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Tadych M, Bergen M, Dugan FM, White JF Jr. 2007. Evaluation of the potential role of water in spread of conidia of the Neotyphodium endophyte of Poa ampla. Mycol Res 111:466–472.
   Google Scholar
• Tsai H-F, Liu JS, Staben C, Christensen MJ, Latch GCM, Siegel MR, Schardl CL. 1994. Evolutionary diversification of fungal endophytes of tall fescue grass by hybridization with Epichloë species. Proc Nat Acad Sc USA 91:2542–2546.
   Google Scholar
• Wei YK, Gao YB, Xu H, Su D, Zhang X, Wang YH, Lin F, Chen L, Nie LY, Ren AZ. 2006. Occurrence of endophytes in grasses native to northern China. Grass Forage Sc 61:422–429.
   Google Scholar
• White JF Jr, Martin TI, Cabral D. 1996. Endophyte-host associations in forage grasses XXIII. Conidia formation by Acremonium endophytes in the phylloplanes of Agrostis hiemalis and Poa rigidifolia. Mycologia 88:174–178.
   Google Scholar
• ———, Sullivan RF, Balady GA, Gianfagna TJ, Yue Q, Meyer WA, Cabral D. 2001. A fungal endosymbiont of the grass Bromus setifolius: distribution in some Andean populations, identification and examination of beneficial properties. Symbiosis 31:241–257.
   Google Scholar
• Young CA, Felitti S, Shields K, Spangenberg G, Johnson RD, Bryan GT, Saikia S, Scott B. 2006. A complex gene cluster for indole-diterpene biosynthesis in the grass endophyte Neotyphodium lolii. Fung Genet Biol 43:679–693.
   Google Scholar