Natural Products with Antischistosomal Activity

References

• Steinmann P , KeiserJ, BosRet al. Schistosomiasis and water resources development: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimates of people at risk. Lancet Infect. Dis.6 (7), 411–425 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . Sustaining the drive to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases: second WHO report on neglected diseases. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland (2013). http://apps.who.int.
   Google Scholar
• Colley DG , BustinduyAL, SecorWEet al. Human schistosomiasis. Lancet383 (9936), 2253–2264 (2012).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gryseels B . Schistosomiasis. Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am.26 (2), 383–397 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Werf MJ , de VlasSJ, BrookerSet al. Quantification of clinical morbidity associated with schistosome infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Acta Trop.86 (2–3), 125–139 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barsouma RS , EsmatG, El-BazbT. Human schistosomiasis: clinical perspective: review. J. Adv. Res.4 (5), 433–444 (2013).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gray DJ , McManusDP, LiY. Schistosomiasis elimination: lessons from the past guide the future. Lancet Infect. Dis.10 (10), 733–736 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Secor WE . The effects of schistosomiasis on HIV/AIDS infection, progression and transmission. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS7 (3), 254–259 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abruzzi A , FriedB. Coinfection of Schistosoma (Trematoda) with bacteria, protozoa and helminths. Adv. Parasitol.77, 1–85 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotez PJ , MolyneuxDH, FenwickA. Control of neglected tropical diseases. N. Engl. J. Med.357 (10), 1018–1027 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cioli D , Pica-MattocciaL, ArcherS. Antischistosomal drugs: past, present… and future?Pharmacol. Ther.68 (1), 35–85 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cioli D , Pica-MattocciaL, BassoAet al. Schistosomiasis control: praziquantel forever? Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 195 (1), 23–29 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fallon PG , DoenhoffMJ. Drug-resistant schistosomiasis: resistance to praziquantel and oxamniquine induced in Schistosoma mansoni in mice is drug specific. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.51 (1), 83–88 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ismail M , MetwallyA, Farghalyet al. Characterization of isolates of Schistosoma mansoni from Egyptian villagers that tolerate high doses of praziquantel. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.55 (2), 214–218 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colley DG . Morbidity control of schistosomiasis by mass drug administration: how can we do it best and what will it take to move on to elimination?Trop. Med. Health42 (Suppl. 2), 25–32 (2014).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moraes J . Antischistosomal natural compounds: present challenges for new drug screens. In:Current Topics In Tropical Medicine.Rodriguez-MoralesAJ ( Ed.), InTech, Rijeka, HR, Croatia, 333–358 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Brahmachari G . Natural products in drug discovery: impacts and opportunities - an assessment. In:Bioactive Natural Products: Opportunities and Challenges in Medicinal Chemistry.BrahmachariG ( Ed.), World Scientific Publishing Company, 1–199 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Kayser O , KiderlenAF, CroftSL. Natural products as antiparasitic drugs. Parasitol. Res.90 (Suppl. 2), S55–S62 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tagboto S , TownsonS. Antiparasitic properties of medicinal plants and other naturally occurring products. Adv. Parasitol.50, 199–295 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan-Bacab MJ , Peña-RodríguezLM. Plant natural products with leishmanicidal activity. Nat. Prod. Rep.18 (6), 674–688 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman DJ , CraggGM. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010. J. Nat. Prod.75 (3), 311–335 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cragg GM , NewmanDJ. Medicinals for the millennia: the historical record. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.53, 3–25 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Newman DJ , CraggGM, SnaderKM. The influence of natural products upon drug discovery. Nat. Prod. Rep.17 (3), 215–234 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman DJ , CraggGM. Natural product scaffolds as leads to drugs. Future Med. Chem.1 (8), 1415–1427 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cragg GM , NewmanDJ. Natural products: a continuing source of novel drug leads. Biochim. Biophys. Acta1830 (6), 3670–3595 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman DJ , CraggGM, SnaderKM. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the period 1981–2002. J. Nat. Prod.66 (7), 1022–1037 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin YW , BalunasMJ, ChaiHBet al. Drug discovery from natural sources. AAPS J.8 (2), E239–E253 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yousif F , HifnawyMS, SolimanG. Large-scale in vitro screening of Egyptian native and cultivated plants for schistosomicidal activity. Pharm. Biol.45, 501–510 (2007).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keiser J , UtzingerJ. Antimalarials in the treatment of schistosomiasis. Curr. Pharm. Des.18 (24), 3531–3528 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Utzinger J , XiaoS, N'GoranEKet al. The potential of artemether for the control of schistosomiasis. Int. J. Parasitol.31 (14), 1549–1562 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu YX , WuW, LiangYJet al. New uses for old drugs: the tale of artemisinin derivatives in the elimination of schistosomiasis japonica in China. Molecules19 (9), 15058–15074 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boissier J , CosledanF, RobertAet al. In vitro activities of trioxaquines against Schistosoma mansoni. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.53, 4903–4906 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao SH , CattoBA. In vitro and in vivo studies of the effect of artemether on Schistosoma mansoni. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.33 (9), 1557–1562 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiraungkoorskul W , SahaphongS, SobhonPet al. Schistosoma mekongi: the in vitro effect of praziquantel and artesunate on the adult fluke. Exp. Parasitol.113 (1), 16–23 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magalhães LG , KapadiaGJ, da Silva TonuciLRet al. In vitro schistosomicidal effects of some phloroglucinol derivatives from Dryopteris species against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. Parasitol. Res.106 (2), 395–401 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramalhete C , MagalhãesLG, RodriguesVet al. In vitro schistosomicidal activity of balsaminol F and karavilagenin C. Planta Med.78 (18), 1912–1917 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunha NL , UchôaCJ, CintraLSet al. In vitro schistosomicidal activity of some brazilian cerrado species and their isolated compounds. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2012, 173614 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sass DC , MoraisGO, MirandaRAet al. Structurally modified natural sesquiterpene lactones constitute effective and less toxic schistosomicidal compounds. Org. Biomol. Chem.12 (40), 7957–7964 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Moraes J , CarvalhoAAL, NakanoEet al. Anthelmintic activity of carvacryl acetate against Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitol. Res.112 (2), 603–610 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Ansary AK , AhmedSA, AlySA. Antischistosomal and liver protective effects of Curcuma longa extract in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. Indian J. Exp. Biol.45, 791–801 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Banhawey MA , AshryMA, El-AnsaryAKet al. Effect of curcuma longa or parziquantel on Schistosoma mansoni infected mice liver-histological and histochemical study. Indian J. Exp. Biol.45, 877–889 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magalhães LG , MachadoCB, MoraisERet al. In vitro schistosomicidal activity of curcumin against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. Parasitol. Res.104, 1197–1201 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allam G . Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin treatment on murine Schistosomiasis mansoni. Immunobiology214, 712–727 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen YQ , XuQM, LiXRet al. In vitro evaluation of schistosomicidal potential of curcumin against Schistosoma japonicum. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res.14 (11), 1064–1072 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malagón D , BotterillB, GrayDJet al. Anthelminthic activity of the cyclotides (kalata B1 and B2) against schistosome parasites. Biopolymers100 (5), 461–470 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Moraes J , NascimentoC, MiuraLMet al. Evaluation of the in vitro activity of dermaseptin 01, a cationic antimicrobial peptide, against Schistosoma mansoni. Chem. Biodivers.8 (3), 548–558 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Moraes J , KeiserJ, IngramKet al. In vitro synergistic interaction between amide piplartine and antimicrobial peptide dermaseptin against Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula and adult worms. Curr. Med. Chem.20 (2), 301–309 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li HJ , WangW, QuGLet al. Effect of the in vivo activity of dihydroartemisinin against Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice. Parasitol. Res.110 (5), 1727–1732 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veras LM , GuimaraesMA, CampeloYDet al. Activity of epiisopiloturine against Schistosoma mansoni. Curr. Med. Chem.19 (13), 2051–2058 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allam G , AbuelsaadAS. In vitro and in vivo effects of hesperidin treatment on adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni. J. Helminthol.88 (3), 362–370 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Aswad BEDW , SadekGS. Parasitological, pathological and immunological effects of hesperidin treatment on murine schistosomiasis mansoni. Life Sci. J.11 (7), 840–855 (2014).
   Google Scholar
• Braguine CG , BertanhaCS, GonçalvesUOet al. Schistosomicidal evaluation of flavonoids from two species of Styrax against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. Pharm. Biol.50 (7), 925–929 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aires Ade L , XimenesEC, BarbosaVXet al. β-Lapachone: a naphthoquinone with promising antischistosomal properties in mice. Phytomedicine21 (3), 261–267 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aires Ade L , XimenesEC, SilvaRAet al. Ultrastructural analysis of β-lapachone-induced surface membrane damage in male adult Schistosoma mansoni BH strain worms. Exp. Parasitol.142, 83–90 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira AC , MagalhãesLG, GonçalvesUOet al. Schistosomicidal and trypanocidal structure-activity relationships for (±)-licarin A and its (-)- and (+)-enantiomers. Phytochemistry72 (11–12), 1424–1430. (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Moraes J , AlmeidaAAC, BritoMRMet al. Anthelmintic activity of the natural compound (+)-limonene epoxide against Schistosoma mansoni. Planta Med.79 (3–4), 253–258 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keiser J , CholletJ, XiaoSHet al. Mefloquine--an aminoalcohol with promising antischistosomal properties in mice. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.3 (1), e350 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao SH , MeiJY, JiaoPY. The in vitro effect of mefloquine and praziquantel against juvenile and adult Schistosoma japonicum. Parasitol. Res.106 (1), 237–246 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva MPN , OliveiraGLS, de CarvalhoRBFet al. Antischistosomal activity of the terpene nerolidol. Molecules19 (3), 3793–3803 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Moraes J , de OliveiraRN, CostaJPet al. Phytol, a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll, as a drug against neglected tropical disease Schistosomiasis mansoni. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.8 (1), e2617 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrara VS , VieiraSC, de PaulaRGet al. 2014. In vitro schistosomicidal effects of aqueous and dichloromethane fractions from leaves and stems of Piper species and the isolation of an active amide from P. amalago L. (Piperaceae). J. Helminthol.88 (3), 321–326 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Moraes J , NascimentoC, LopesPOMVet al. Schistosoma mansoni: In vitro schistosomicidal activity of piplartine. Exp. Parasitol.127 (2), 357–364 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Moraes J , NascimentoC, YamaguchiLFet al. Schistosoma mansoni: In vitro schistosomicidal activity and tegumental alterations induced by piplartine on schistosomula. Exp. Parasitol.132 (2), 222–227 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang SM , CoultasKA. Identification of plumbagin and sanguinarine as effective chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of schistosomiasis. Int. J. Parasitol. Drugs Drug Resist.3, 28–34 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorsuwannarat N , SaowakonN, RamasootaPet al. The anthelmintic effect of plumbagin on Schistosoma mansoni. Exp. Parasitol.133 (1), 18–27 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matos-Rocha TJ , dos Santos CavalcantiMG, Barbosa-FilhoJMet al. In vitro evaluation of schistosomicidal activity of essential oil of Mentha x villosa and some of its chemical constituents in adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni. Planta Med.79 (14), 1307–1312 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao CJ , ZhangY, QiuLet al. Schistosomicidal and antioxidant flavonoids from Astragalus englerianus. Planta Med.80 (18), 1727–1731 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miranda MA , MagalhãesLG, TiossiRFet al. Evaluation of the schistosomicidal activity of the steroidal alkaloids from Solanum lycocarpum fruits. Parasitol. Res.111 (1), 257–262 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spivak AY , KeiserJ, VargasMet al. Synthesis and activity of new triphenylphosphonium derivatives of betulin and betulinic acid against Schistosoma mansoni in vitro and in vivo. Bioorg. Med. Chem.22 (21), 6297–6304 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowan MM . Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin. Microbiol. Rev.12 (4), 564–582 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthony JP , FyfeL, SmithH. Plant active components – a resource for antiparasitic agents?Trends Parasitol.21, 462–468 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee S . Artemisinin, promising lead natural product for various drug developments. Mini. Rev. Med. Chem.7 (4), 411–422 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho WE , PehHY, ChanTKet al. Artemisinins: pharmacological actions beyond anti-malarial. Pharmacol. Ther.142 (1), 126–139 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdul-Ghani R , LoutfyN, el-SahnAet al. Current chemotherapy arsenal for schistosomiasis mansoni: alternatives and challenges. Parasitol. Res.104 (5), 955–965 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vennerstrom JL , Arbe-BarnesS, BrunRet al. Identification of an antimalarial synthetic trioxolane drug development candidate. Nature430 (7002), 900–904 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portela J , BoissierJ, Gourbalet al. Antischistosomal activity of trioxaquines: In vivo efficacy and mechanism of action on Schistosoma mansoni. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.6 (2), e1474 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao SH , KeiserJ, CholletJet al. In vitro and in vivo activities of synthetic trioxolanes against major human schistosome species. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.51, 1440–1445 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keiser J , IngramK, VargasMet al. In vivo activity of aryl ozonides against Schistosoma species. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.56 (2), 1090–1092 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapczynski A , BhatiaSP, LetiziaCSet al. Fragrance material review on nerolidol (isomer unspecified). Food Chem. Toxicol.46, S247–S250 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGinty D , LetiziaCS, ApiAM. Addendum to fragrance material review on nerolidol (isomer unspecified). Food Chem. Toxicol.48, S43–S45 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vetter W , SchröderM, LehnertK. Differentiation of refined and virgin edible oils by means of the trans- and cis-phytol isomer distribution. J. Agric. Food Chem.60, 6103–6107 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGinty D , LetiziaCS, ApiAM. Fragrance material review on phytol. Food Chem. Toxicol.48 (Suppl. 3), S59–S63 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alakurtti S , MäkeläT, KoskimiesSet al. Pharmacological properties of the ubiquitous natural product betulin. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci.29 (1), 1–13 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guimaraes MA , CampeloYDM, VerasLMCet al. Nanopharmaceutical approach of epiisopiloturine alkaloid carried in liposome system: preparation and in vitro schistosomicidal activity. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.14 (6), 4519–4528 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato MJ , FurlanM. Chemistry and evolution of the Piperaceae. Pure Appl. Chem.79, 529–538 (2007)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bezerra DP , PessoaC, de MoraesMOet al. Overview of the therapeutic potential of piplartine (piperlongumine). Eur. J. Pharm. Sci.48 (3), 453–463 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Véras LM , CunhaVR, LimaFCet al. Industrial scale isolation, structural and spectroscopic characterization of epiisopiloturine from Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf leaves: a promising alkaloid against schistosomiasis. PLoS ONE8 (6), e66702 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagel JM , FacchiniPJ. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloid metabolism: a century of discovery and a brave new world. Plant Cell Physiol.54 (5), 647–672 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roddick JG , WeissenbergM, LeonardAL. Membrane disruption and enzyme inhibition by naturally-occuring and modified chacotriose-containing solanum steroidal glycoalkaloids. Phytochemistry56, 603–610 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achan J , TalisunaAO, ErhartAet al. Quinine, an old anti-malarial drug in a modern world: role in the treatment of malaria. Malar. J.10, 144 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao SH . Mefloquine, a new type of compound against schistosomes and other helminthes in experimental studies. Parasitol. Res.112 (11), 3723–3740 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao SH , SunJ, XueJet al. Ultrastructural alterations of juvenile Schistosoma japonicum harbored in mice following mefloquine administration. Parasitol. Res.110 (2), 637–644 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basra A , Mombo-NgomaG, MelserMCet al. Efficacy of mefloquine intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy against Schistosoma haematobium infection in Gabon: a nested randomized controlled assessor-blinded clinical trial. Clin. Infect. Dis.56 (6), e68–e75 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keiser J , SiluéKD, AdiossanLKet al. Praziquantel, mefloquine-praziquantel, and mefloquine-artesunate-praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium: a randomized, exploratory, open-label trial. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.8 (7), e2975 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padhye S , DandawateP, YusufiMet al. Perspectives on medicinal properties of plumbagin and its analogs. Med. Res. Rev.32 (6), 1131–1158 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn I , KellenbergerE, Said-HassaneFet al. Identification by high-throughput screening of inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni NAD(+) catabolizing enzyme. Bioorg. Med Chem.18 (22), 7900–7910 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajendran P , RengarajanT, NandakumarNet al. Kaempferol, a potential cytostatic and cure for inflammatory disorders. Eur. J. Med. Chem.86, 103–112 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuntić V , BrborićJ, Holclajtner-AntunovićIet al. Evaluating the bioactive effects of flavonoid hesperidin--a new literature data survey. Vojnosanit Pregl.71 (1), 60–65 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J , ChenJ, LiangZet al. New lignans and their biological activities. Chem. Biodivers.11 (1), 1–54 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jana NR , DikshitP, GoswamiAet al. Inhibition of proteasomal function by curcumin induces apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway. J. Biol. Chem.279 (12), 11680–11685 (2014).
   Google Scholar
• Si X , WangY, WongJet al. Dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by curcumin suppresses Coxsackievirus B3 replication. J. Virol.81 (7), 3142–3150 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morais ER , OliveiraKC, MagalhãesLGet al. Effects of curcumin on the parasite Schistosoma mansoni: a transcriptomic approach. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol.187 (2), 91–97 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Ansary A . Biochemical and immunological adaptation in schistosome parasitism. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol.136 (2), 227–243 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balls AK , HaleWS, HarrisTH. A crystalline protein obtained from a lipoprotein of wheat flour. Cereal Chem.19, 279–288 (1942).
   Google Scholar
• Gould A , JiY, AboyeTLet al. Cyclotides, a novel ultrastable polypeptide scaffold for drug discovery. Curr. Pharm. Des.17 (38), 4294–4307 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craik DJ , DalyNL, MulvennaJet al. Discovery, structure and biological activities of the cyclotides. Curr. Protein Pept. Sci.5 (5), 297–315 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyinloye B , AdenowoF, GxabaNet al. The promise of antimicrobial peptides for treatment of human schistosomiasis. Curr. Drug Targets15 (9), 852–859 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mor A , HaniK, NicolasP. The vertebrate peptide antibiotics dermaseptins have overlapping structural features but target specific microorganisms. J. Biol. Chem.269 (50), 31635–31641 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolas P , El AmriC. The dermaseptin superfamily: a gene-based combinatorial library of antimicrobial peptides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta1788 (8), 1537–1550 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar