Particle size in fat graft retention: A review on the impact of harvesting technique in lipofilling surgical outcomes

References

• The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Cosmetic surgery national data bank statistics 2013. Available from http://www.surgery.org/sites/default/files/Stats2013_4.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Delay E, Garson S, Tousson G, Sinna R. Fat injection to the breast: technique, results, and indications based on 880 procedures over 10 years. Aesthet Surg J 2009; 29:360-76; PMID:19825464; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asj.2009.08.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niechajev I, Sevcuk O. Long-term results of fat transplantation: clinical and histologic studies. Plast Reconstr Surg 1994; 94:496-506; PMID:8047602; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199409000-00012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park S, Kim B, Shin Y. Correction of superior sulcus deformity with orbital fat anatomic repositioning and fat graft applied to retro-orbicularis oculi fat for Asian eyelids. Aesthet Plast Surg 2011; 35:162-70; PMID:20835821; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00266-010-9574-y
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zocchi M, Zuliani F. Bicompartmental breast lipostructuring. Aesthet Plast Surg 2008; 32:313-28; PMID:18188638; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00266-007-9089-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallego S, Ramírez F, Echeverri A. Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of gluteal fat grafts. Aesthet Plast Surg 2006; 30:460-8; PMID:16855890; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00266-005-0202-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Illouz YG, Sterodimas A. Autologous fat transplantation to the breast: a personal technique with 25 years of experience. Aesthet Plast Surg 2009; 33:706-15; PMID:19495856; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00266-009-9377-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterodimas A, de Faria J, Nicaretta B, Boriani F. Autologous fat transplantation versus adipose-derived stem cell–enriched lipografts a study. Aesthet Surg J 2011; 31:682-93; PMID:21813882; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090820X11415976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie Y, Zheng DN, Li QF, Gu B, Liu K, Shen GX, Pu LL. An integrated fat grafting technique for cosmetic facial contouring. J Plast, Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2010; 63:270-6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2008.11.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hörl H, Feller A-M, Biemer E. Technique for liposuction fat reimplantation and long-term volume evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Plast Surg 1991; 26:248-58; PMID:2029135; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000637-199103000-00007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kling RE, Mehrara BJ, Pusic AL, Young VL, Hume KM, Crotty CA, Rubin JP. Trends in autologous fat grafting to the breast: a national survey of the American society of plastic surgeons. Plast Reconstr Surg 2013; 132:35-46; PMID:23806907; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e318290fad1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman MR, Bradley JP, Dickinson B, Heller JB, Wasson K, O'Hara C, Huang C, Gabbay J, Ghadjar K, Miller TA. Autologous fat transfer national consensus survey: trends in techniques for harvest, preparation, and application, and perception of short-and long-term results. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007; 119:323-31; PMID:17255689; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000244903.51440.8c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jauffret J, Champsaur P, Robaglia-Schlupp A, Andrac-Meyer L, Magalon G. Arguments in favor of adipocyte grafts with the SR Coleman technique. Ann De Chirur Plast Et Esth 2001, 46:31-8; PMID:11233732; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0294-1260(01)80006-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neuber G. Fettransplantation. Chir Kongr Verhandl Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie. 1893; 22:66.
   Google Scholar
• Lexer E. Ueber freie fettransplantation. Klin Therap Wehnschr 1911; 18:53.
   Google Scholar
• Peer LA. The neglected free fat graft. Plast Reconstr Surg 1956; 18:233-50; PMID:13379008; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-195610000-00001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gurney CE. Experimental Study of the Behavior of Free Fat Transplants. University of Minnesota, 1937; 3:679-92.
   Google Scholar
• Kato H, Mineda K, Eto H, Doi K, Kuno S, Kinoshita K, Kanayama K, Yoshimura K. Degeneration, regeneration, and cicatrization after fat grafting: dynamic total tissue remodeling during the first 3 months. Plast Reconstr Surg 2014; 133:303e-13e; PMID:24572875; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000000066
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Del Vecchio D, Rohrich RJ. A classification of clinical fat grafting: different problems, different solutions. Plast Reconstr Surg 2012; 130:511-22; PMID:22929236; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e31825dbf8a
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fagrell D, Eneström S, Berggren A, Kniola B. Fat cylinder transplantation: an experimental comparative study of three different kinds of fat transplants. Plast Reconstr Surg 1996; 98:90-6; PMID:8657793; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199607000-00014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kononas TC, Bucky LP, Hurley C, May Jr JW. The fate of suctioned and surgically removed fat after reimplantation for soft-tissue augmentation: a volumetric and histologic study in the rabbit. Plast Reconstr Surg 1993; 91:763-8; PMID:8460177; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199304001-00001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peer LA. Loss of weight and volume in human fat grafts: with postulation of a" cell survival theory". Plast Reconstr Surg 1950; 5:217-30; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-195003000-00002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guyuron B, Majzoub RK. Facial augmentation with core fat graft: a preliminary report. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007; 120:295-302; PMID:17572578; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000264399.40701.71
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crawford JL, Hubbard BA, Colbert SH, Puckett CL. Fine tuning lipoaspirate viability for fat grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg 2010; 126:1342-8; PMID:20885257; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181ea44a9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• May Jr JW. Comparative study of survival of autologous adipose tissue taken and transplanted by different techniques (Discussion). Plast Reconstr Surg 1990; 85:387-9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199001000-00057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pu LL, Cui X, Fink BF, Cibull ML, Gao D. The viability of fatty tissues within adipose aspirates after conventional liposuction: a comprehensive study. Ann Plast Surg 2005; 54:288-92; PMID:15725835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lalikos JF, Li Y-Q, Roth TP, Doyle JW, Matory WE, Lawrence WT. Biochemical assessment of cellular damage after adipocyte harvest. J Surg Res 1997; 70:95-100; PMID:9228935; http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsre.1997.5090
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huss FR, Kratz G. Adipose tissue processed for lipoinjection shows increased cellular survival in vitro when tissue engineering principles are applied. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 2002; 36:166-71; PMID:12141205; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/028443102753718050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiffman MA, Mirrafati S. Fat transfer techniques: the effect of harvest and transfer methods on adipocyte viability and review of the literature. Dermatol Surg 2001; 27:819-26; PMID:11553171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özsoy Z, Kul Z, Bilir A. The role of cannula diameter in improved adipocyte viability: a quantitative analysis. Aesthet Surg J 2006; 26:287-9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asj.2006.04.003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Erdim M, Tezel E, Numanoglu A, Sav A. The effects of the size of liposuction cannula on adipocyte survival and the optimum temperature for fat graft storage: an experimental study. J Plast, Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2009; 62:1210-4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2008.03.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leong DT, Hutmacher DW, Chew FT, Lim T-C. Viability and adipogenic potential of human adipose tissue processed cell population obtained from pump-assisted and syringe-assisted liposuction. J Dermatol Sci 2005; 37:169-76; PMID:15734286; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2004.11.009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirkham JC, Lee JH, Medina III MA, McCormack MC, Randolph MA, Austen Jr WG. The impact of liposuction cannula size on adipocyte viability. Ann Plast Surg 2012; 69:479-81; PMID:22964677; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0b013e31824a459f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez AM, Lobocki C, Kelly CP, Jackson IT. An alternative method for harvest and processing fat grafts: an in vitro study of cell viability and survival. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007; 120:285-94; PMID:17572577; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000264401.19469.ad
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fisher C, Grahovac TL, Schafer ME, Shippert RD, Marra KG, Rubin JP. Comparison of harvest and processing techniques for fat grafting and adipose stem cell isolation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2013; 132:351-61; PMID:23584621; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182958796
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasiou-Plakida D. Fat injections for facial rejuvenation: 17 years experience in 1720 patients. J Cosmet Dermatol 2003; 2:119-25; PMID:17163916; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2130.2004.00060.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nguyen P, Desouches C, Gay A, Hautier A, Magalon G. Development of micro-injection as an innovative autologous fat graft technique: the use of adipose tissue as dermal filler. J Plast, Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2012; 65:1692-9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2012.06.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trepsat F. [Midface reshaping with micro-fat grafting]. Ann De Chir Plast Et esthet 2009; 54:435-43; PMID:19446945; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anplas.2009.03.008
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mazzola RF. Fat injection: from filling to regeneration. St. Louis, MO: Quality Medical Publishing, 2009; 373-422.
   Google Scholar
• Tonnard P, Verpaele A, Peeters G, Hamdi M, Cornelissen M, Declercq H. Nanofat grafting: basic research and clinical applications. Plast Reconstr Surg 2013; 132:1017-26; PMID:23783059; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e31829fe1b0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin A, Hoefflin SM. Fat purification: Survival of the fittest. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002; 109:1463-4; PMID:11965014; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-200204010-00049
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nordström RE, Wang J, Fan J. " Spaghetti" fat grafting: a new technique. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997; 99:917-8; PMID:9047222; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199703000-00058
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gutowski KA, Force AFGT. Current applications and safety of autologous fat grafts: a report of the ASPS fat graft task force. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 124:272-80; PMID:19346997; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181a09506
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sawhney C, Banerjee T, Chakravarti R. Behaviour of dermal fat transplants. British J Plast Surg 1969; 22:169-76; PMID:4891594; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1226(69)80061-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peer LA. Transplantation of fat. In: Converse JM (Ed.), Reconstructive plastic surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 1977;251-61.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell G-L, Laudenslager N, Newman J. The effect of mechanical stress on adipocyte morphology and metabolism. Am J Cosmet Surg 1987; 4:89-94
   Google Scholar
• Doldere JH, Thompson EW, Slavin J, Trost N, Cooper-White JJ, Cao Y, O'Connor AJ, Penington A, Morrison WA, Abberton KM. Long-term stability of adipose tissue generated from a vascularized pedicled fat flap inside a chamber. Plast Reconstr Surg 2011; 127:2283-92; PMID:21617462; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182131c3e
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eto H, Kato H, Suga H, Aoi N, Doi K, Kuno S, Yoshimura K. The fate of adipocytes after nonvascularized fat grafting: evidence of early death and replacement of adipocytes. Plast Reconstr Surg 2012; 129:1081-92; PMID:22261562; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e31824a2b19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peer LA. Cell survival theory versus replacement theory. Plast Reconstr Surg 1955; 16:161-8; PMID:13266544; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-195509000-00001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Billings Jr E, May Jr JW. Historical review and present status of free fat graft autotransplantation in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 1989; 83:368-81; PMID:2643129; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198902000-00033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marques A, Brenda E, Saldiva PH, Amarante MT, Ferreira MC. Autologous fat grafts: a quantitative and morphometric study in rabbits. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 1994; 28:241-7; PMID:7899832; http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02844319409022006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman SR. Structural fat grafts: the ideal filler? Clin Plast Surg 2001; 28:111-9; PMID:11248861
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar