New tools for NTD vaccines: A case study of quality control assays for product development of the human hookworm vaccine Na-APR-1_M74

References

• Pullan RL, Smith JL, Jasrasaria R, Brooker SJ. Global numbers of infection and disease burden of soil transmitted helminth infections in 2010. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:37; PMID:24447578; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotez P. A handful of 'antipoverty' vaccines exist for neglected diseases, but the world's poorest billion people need more. Health Aff (Millwood) 2011; 30:1080-7; PMID:21653960; http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotez PJ, Brooker S, Bethony JM, Bottazzi ME, Loukas A, Xiao S. Hookworm infection. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:799-807; PMID:15317893; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra032492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R, Naghavi M, Flaxman AD, Michaud C, Ezzati M, Shibuya K, Salomon JA, Abdalla S, et al. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012; 380:2197-223; PMID:23245608; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotez PJ, Bethony JM, Diemert DJ, Pearson M, Loukas A. Developing vaccines to combat hookworm infection and intestinal schistosomiasis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2010; 8:814-26; PMID:20948553; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassebaum NJ, Jasrasaria R, Naghavi M, Wulf SK, Johns N, Lozano R, Regan M, Weatherall D, Chou DP, Eisele TP, et al. A systematic analysis of global anemia burden from 1990 to 2010. Blood 2014; 123:615-24; PMID:24297872; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-06-508325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooker S, Akhwale W, Pullan R, Estambale B, Clarke SE, Snow RW, Hotez PJ. Epidemiology of plasmodium-helminth co-infection in Africa: populations at risk, potential impact on anemia, and prospects for combining control. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007; 77:88-98; PMID:18165479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vercruysse J, Behnke JM, Albonico M, Ame SM, Angebault C, Bethony JM, Engels D, Guillard B, Nguyen TV, Kang G, et al. Assessment of the anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole in school children in seven countries where soil-transmitted helminths are endemic. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e948; PMID:21468309; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000948
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albonico M, Smith PG, Ercole E, Hall A, Chwaya HM, Alawi KS, Savioli L. Rate of reinfection with intestinal nematodes after treatment of children with mebendazole or albendazole in a highly endemic area. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1995; 89:538-41; PMID:8560535; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(95)90101-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soukhathammavong PA, Sayasone S, Phongluxa K, Xayaseng V, Utzinger J, Vounatsou P, Hatz C, Akkhavong K, Keiser J, Odermatt P. Low efficacy of single-dose albendazole and mebendazole against hookworm and effect on concomitant helminth infection in Lao PDR. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1417; PMID:22235353; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albonico M, Engels D, Savioli L. Monitoring drug efficacy and early detection of drug resistance in human soil-transmitted nematodes: a pressing public health agenda for helminth control. Int J Parasitol 2004; 34:1205-10; PMID:15491582; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoll NR. This wormy world. J Parasitol 1947; 33:1-18; PMID:20284977; http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3273544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaumier CM, Gillespie PM, Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME. New vaccines for neglected parasitic diseases and dengue. Trans Res 2013; 162:144-55; PMID:23578479; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2013.03.006
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hotez PJ, Diemert D, Bacon KM, Beaumier C, Bethony JM, Bottazzi ME, Brooker S, Couto AR, Freire Mda S, Homma A, et al. The human hookworm vaccine. Vaccine 2013; 31 Suppl 2:B227-32; PMID:23598487; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.034
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williamson AL, Brindley PJ, Abbenante G, Prociv P, Berry C, Girdwood K, Pritchard DI, Fairlie DP, Hotez PJ, Dalton JP, et al. Cleavage of hemoglobin by hookworm cathepsin D aspartic proteases and its potential contribution to host specificity. FASEB J 2002; 16:1458-60; PMID:12205047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson MS, Bethony JM, Pickering DA, de Oliveira LM, Jariwala A, Santiago H, Miles AP, Zhan B, Jiang D, Ranjit N, et al. An enzymatically inactivated hemoglobinase from Necator americanus induces neutralizing antibodies against multiple hookworm species and protects dogs against heterologous hookworm infection. FASEB J 2009; 23:3007-19; PMID:19380510; http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.09-131433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson MS, Pickering DA, Tribolet L, Cooper L, Mulvenna J, Oliveira LM, Bethony JM, Hotez PJ, Loukas A. Neutralizing antibodies to the hookworm hemoglobinase Na-APR-1: implications for a multivalent vaccine against hookworm infection and schistosomiasis. J Infect Dis 2010; 201:1561-9; PMID:20367477; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/651953
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skwarczynski M, Dougall AM, Khoshnejad M, Chandrudu S, Pearson MS, Loukas A, Toth I. Peptide-based subunit vaccine against hookworm infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46870
   Google Scholar
• Dandliker WB, Feigen GA. Quantification of the antigen-antibody reaction by the polarization of fluorescence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1961; 5:299-304; PMID:13719565; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(61)90167-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jolley ME. Fluorescence polarization assays for the detection of proteases and their inhibitors. J Biomolecular Screening 1996; 1:33-8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108705719600100112
   Google Scholar
• Loukas A, Bethony JM, Mendez S, Fujiwara RT, Goud GN, Ranjit N, Zhan B, Jones K, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ. Vaccination with recombinant aspartic hemoglobinase reduces parasite load and blood loss after hookworm infection in dogs. PLoS Med 2005; 2:e295; PMID:16231975; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jariwala AR, Oliveira LM, Diemert DJ, Keegan B, Plieskatt JL, Periago MV, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ, Bethony JM. Potency testing for the experimental Na-GST-1 hookworm vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:1219-30; PMID:20923271; http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/erv.10.107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiser A, Sali A. MODELLER: generation and refinement of homology-based protein structure models. In: Carter CW, Sweet RM, eds. Methods in Enzymology. San Diego: Taylor & Francis, 2003:363-93
   Google Scholar
• Sali A, Blundell TL. Comparative protein modelling by satisfaction of spatial restraints. J Mol Biol 1993; 234:779-815; PMID:8254673; http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1993.1626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen CS, Chen WN, Zhou M, Arttamangkul S, Haugland RP. Probing the cathepsin D using a BODIPY FL-pepstatin A: applications in fluorescence polarization and microscopy. J Bioch Biophys Methods 2000; 42:137-51; PMID:10737220; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-022X(00)00048-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Metcalf P, Fusek M. Two crystal structures for cathepsin D: the lysosomal targeting signal and active site. EMBO J 1993; 12:1293-302; PMID:8467789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson AL, Lecchi P, Turk BE, Choe Y, Hotez PJ, McKerrow JH, Cantley LC, Sajid M, Craik CS, Loukas A. A multi-enzyme cascade of hemoglobin proteolysis in the intestine of blood-feeding hookworms. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:35950-7; PMID:15199048; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M405842200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao G, Zhou A, Lu G, Meng M, Sun M, Bai Y, Han Y, Wang L, Zhou H, Cong H, et al. Identification and characterization of Toxoplasma gondii aspartic protease 1 as a novel vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:175; PMID:23768047; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verity CK, McManus DP, Brindley PJ. Vaccine efficacy of recombinant cathepsin D aspartic protease from Schistosoma japonicum. Parasite Immunol 2001; 23:153-62; PMID:11240906; http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3024.2001.00369.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leal AT, Seixas A, Pohl PC, Ferreira CA, Logullo C, Oliveira PL, Farias SE, Termignoni C, da Silva Vaz I, Jr., Masuda A. Vaccination of bovines with recombinant Boophilus Yolk pro-Cathepsin. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006; 114:341-5; PMID:16997384; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.08.011
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sandini S, La Valle R, Deaglio S, Malavasi F, Cassone A, De Bernardis F. A highly immunogenic recombinant and truncated protein of the secreted aspartic proteases family (rSap2t) of Candida albicans as a mucosal anticandidal vaccine. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2011; 62:215-24; PMID:21535228; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2011.00802.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartley K, Huntley JF, Wright HW, Nath M, Nisbet AJ. Assessment of cathepsin D and L-like proteinases of poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer), as potential vaccine antigens. Parasitology 2012; 139:755-65; PMID:22310226; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0031182011002356
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baldwin ET, Bhat TN, Gulnik S, Hosur MV, Sowder RC, 2nd, Cachau RE, Collins J, Silva AM, Erickson JW. Crystal structures of native and inhibited forms of human cathepsin D: implications for lysosomal targeting and drug design. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:6796-800; PMID:8393577; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.14.6796
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karolin J, Johansson L, Strandberg L, Ny T. Fluorescence and adsorption spectroscopic properties of dipyrrometheneboron difluordie (BODIPY) derivatives in liquids, lipid membranes, and proteins. J Am Chem Soc 1994; 116:7801-6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00096a042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metz B, van den Dobbelsteen G, van Els C, van der Gun J, Levels L, van der Pol L, Rots N, Kersten G. Quality-control issues and approaches in vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2009; 8:227-38; PMID:19196202; http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14760584.8.2.227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar