15,304
Views
1,296
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Selective autophagy mediated by autophagic adapter proteins

&
Pages 279-296 | Received 15 Oct 2010, Accepted 15 Dec 2010, Published online: 01 Mar 2011

References

  • Levine B, Kroemer G. Autophagy in the pathogenesis of disease. Cell 2008; 132:27 - 42
  • Xie Z, Klionsky DJ. Autophagosome formation: core machinery and adaptations. Nat Cell Biol 2007; 9:1102 - 1109
  • Mizushima N. Autophagy: process and function. Genes Dev 2007; 21:2861 - 2873
  • Deretic V. Autophagy in infection. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2010; 22:252 - 262
  • Mizushima N, Levine B, Cuervo AM, Klionsky DJ. Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion. Nature 2008; 451:1069 - 1075
  • Nakatogawa H, Suzuki K, Kamada Y, Ohsumi Y. Dynamics and diversity in autophagy mechanisms: lessons from yeast. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2009; 10:458 - 467
  • Lynch-Day MA, Klionsky DJ. The Cvt pathway as a model for selective autophagy. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:1359 - 1366
  • Radoshevich L, Murrow L, Chen N, Fernandez E, Roy S, Fung C, et al. ATG12 conjugation to ATG3 regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and cell death. Cell 2010; 142:590 - 600
  • Polson HE, de Lartigue J, Rigden DJ, Reedijk M, Urbe S, Clague MJ, et al. Mammalian Atg18 (WIPI2) localizes to omegasome-anchored phagophores and positively regulates LC3 lipidation. Autophagy 2010; 6:506 - 522
  • Proikas-Cezanne T, Waddell S, Gaugel A, Frickey T, Lupas A, Nordheim A. WIPI-1alpha (WIPI49), a member of the novel 7-bladed WIPI protein family, is aberrantly expressed in human cancer and is linked to starvation-induced autophagy. Oncogene 2004; 23:9314 - 9325
  • Webber JL, Tooze SA. New insights into the function of Atg9. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:1319 - 1326
  • He H, Dang Y, Dai F, Guo Z, Wu J, She X, et al. Post-translational modifications of three members of the human MAP1LC3 family and detection of a novel type of modification for MAP1LC3B. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:29278 - 29287
  • Xin Y, Yu L, Chen Z, Zheng L, Fu Q, Jiang J, et al. Cloning, expression patterns and chromosome localization of three human and two mouse homologues of GABA(A) receptor-associated protein. Genomics 2001; 74:408 - 413
  • Kabeya Y, Mizushima N, Ueno T, Yamamoto A, Kirisako T, Noda T, et al. LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing. EMBO J 2000; 19:5720 - 5728
  • Ohsumi Y. Molecular dissection of autophagy: two ubiquitin-like systems. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2001; 2:211 - 216
  • Kabeya Y, Mizushima N, Yamamoto A, Oshitani-Okamoto S, Ohsumi Y, Yoshimori T. LC3, GABARAP and GATE16 localize to autophagosomal membrane depending on form-II formation. J Cell Sci 2004; 117:2805 - 2812
  • Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E. Human light chain 3/MAP1LC3B is cleaved at its carboxyl-terminal Met121 to expose Gly120 for lipidation and targeting to autophagosomal membranes. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:47704 - 47710
  • Klionsky DJ, Abeliovich H, Agostinis P, Agrawal DK, Aliev G, Askew DS, et al. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes. Autophagy 2008; 4:151 - 175
  • Sou YS, Tanida I, Komatsu M, Ueno T, Kominami E. Phosphatidylserine in addition to phosphatidylethanolamine is an in vitro target of the mammalian Atg8 modifiers, LC3, GABARAP and GATE-16. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:3017 - 3024
  • Nakatogawa H, Ichimura Y, Ohsumi Y. Atg8, a ubiquitin-like protein required for autophagosome formation, mediates membrane tethering and hemifusion. Cell 2007; 130:165 - 178
  • Kirisako T, Ichimura Y, Okada H, Kabeya Y, Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, et al. The reversible modification regulates the membrane-binding state of Apg8/Aut7 essential for autophagy and the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway. J Cell Biol 2000; 151:263 - 276
  • Scherz-Shouval R, Shvets E, Fass E, Shorer H, Gil L, Elazar Z. Reactive oxygen species are essential for autophagy and specifically regulate the activity of Atg4. EMBO J 2007; 26:1749 - 1760
  • Chakrama FZ, Seguin-Py S, Le Grand JN, Fraichard A, Delage-Mourroux R, Despouy G, et al. GABARAPL1 (GEC1) associates with autophagic vesicles. Autophagy 2010; 6:495 - 505
  • Weidberg H, Shvets E, Shpilka T, Shimron F, Shinder V, Elazar Z. LC3 and GATE-16/GABARAP sub-families are both essential yet act differently in autophagosome biogenesis. EMBO J 2010; 29:1792 - 1802
  • Dice JF. Chaperone-mediated autophagy. Autophagy 2007; 3:295 - 299
  • Kon M, Cuervo AM. Chaperone-mediated autophagy in health and disease. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:1399 - 1404
  • Rubinsztein DC. The roles of intracellular protein-degradation pathways in neurodegeneration. Nature 2006; 443:780 - 786
  • Szeto J, Kaniuk NA, Canadien V, Nisman R, Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, et al. ALIS are stress-induced protein storage compartments for substrates of the proteasome and autophagy. Autophagy 2006; 2:189 - 199
  • Bjørkøy G, Lamark T, Brech A, Outzen H, Perander M, Øvervatn A, et al. p62/SQSTM1 forms protein aggregates degraded by autophagy and has a protective effect on huntingtin-induced cell death. J Cell Biol 2005; 171:603 - 614
  • Gamerdinger M, Hajieva P, Kaya AM, Wolfrum U, Hartl FU, Behl C. Protein quality control during aging involves recruitment of the macroautophagy pathway by BAG3. EMBO J 2009;
  • Kirkin V, Lamark T, Sou YS, Bjorkoy G, Nunn JL, Bruun JA, et al. A role for NBR1 in autophagosomal degradation of ubiquitinated substrates. Mol Cell 2009; 33:505 - 516
  • Komatsu M, Waguri S, Koike M, Sou YS, Ueno T, Hara T, et al. Homeostatic levels of p62 control cytoplasmic inclusion body formation in autophagy-deficient mice. Cell 2007; 131:1149 - 1163
  • Pankiv S, Clausen TH, Lamark T, Brech A, Bruun JA, Outzen H, et al. p62/SQSTM1 binds directly to Atg8/LC3 to facilitate degradation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates by autophagy. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:24131 - 24145
  • van der Vaart A, Mari M, Reggiori F. A picky eater: exploring the mechanisms of selective autophagy in human pathologies. Traffic 2008; 9:281 - 289
  • Filimonenko M, Isakson P, Finley KD, Anderson M, Jeong H, Melia TJ, et al. The selective macroautophagic degradation of aggregated proteins requires the PI3P-binding protein Alfy. Mol Cell 2010; 38:265 - 279
  • Iwata J, Ezaki J, Komatsu M, Yokota S, Ueno T, Tanida I, et al. Excess peroxisomes are degraded by autophagic machinery in mammals. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:4035 - 4041
  • Kim PK, Hailey DW, Mullen RT, Lippincott-Schwartz J. Ubiquitin signals autophagic degradation of cytosolic proteins and peroxisomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105:20567 - 20574
  • Novak I, Kirkin V, McEwan DG, Zhang J, Wild P, Rozenknop A, et al. Nix is a selective autophagy receptor for mitochondrial clearance. EMBO Rep 2010; 11:45 - 51
  • Geisler S, Holmstrom KM, Skujat D, Fiesel FC, Rothfuss JC, Kahle PJ, et al. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is dependent on VDAC1 and p62/SQSTM1. Nat Cell Biol 2010; 12:119 - 131
  • Okamoto K, Kondo-Okamoto N, Ohsumi Y. Mitochondria-anchored receptor Atg32 mediates degradation of mitochondria via selective autophagy. Dev Cell 2009; 17:87 - 97
  • Kanki T, Wang K, Cao Y, Baba M, Klionsky DJ. Atg32 is a mitochondrial protein that confers selectivity during mitophagy. Dev Cell 2009; 17:98 - 109
  • Narendra D, Tanaka A, Suen DF, Youle RJ. Parkin is recruited selectively to impaired mitochondria and promotes their autophagy. J Cell Biol 2008; 183:795 - 803
  • Tolkovsky AM. Mitophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009; 1793:1508 - 1515
  • Dupont N, Lacas-Gervais S, Bertout J, Paz I, Freche B, Van Nhieu GT, et al. Shigella phagocytic vacuolar membrane remnants participate in the cellular response to pathogen invasion and are regulated by autophagy. Cell Host Microbe 2009; 6:137 - 149
  • Orvedahl A, MacPherson S, Sumpter R Jr, Talloczy Z, Zou Z, Levine B. Autophagy protects against Sindbis virus infection of the central nervous system. Cell Host Microbe 2010; 7:115 - 127
  • Thurston TL, Ryzhakov G, Bloor S, von Muhlinen N, Randow F. The TBK1 adaptor and autophagy receptor NDP52 restricts the proliferation of ubiquitin-coated bacteria. Nat Immunol 2009; 10:1215 - 1221
  • Yoshikawa Y, Ogawa M, Hain T, Yoshida M, Fukumatsu M, Kim M, et al. Listeria monocytogenes ActA-mediated escape from autophagic recognition. Nat Cell Biol 2009; 11:1233 - 1240
  • Zheng YT, Shahnazari S, Brech A, Lamark T, Johansen T, Brumell JH. The adaptor protein p62/SQSTM1 targets invading bacteria to the autophagy pathway. J Immunol 2009; 183:5909 - 5916
  • Bernales S, McDonald KL, Walter P. Autophagy counterbalances endoplasmic reticulum expansion during the unfolded protein response. PLoS Biol 2006; 4:423
  • Kraft C, Deplazes A, Sohrmann M, Peter M. Mature ribosomes are selectively degraded upon starvation by an autophagy pathway requiring the Ubp3p/Bre5p ubiquitin protease. Nat Cell Biol 2008; 10:602 - 610
  • Ichimura Y, Kumanomidou T, Sou YS, Mizushima T, Ezaki J, Ueno T, et al. Structural basis for sorting mechanism of p62 in selective autophagy. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:22847 - 22857
  • Gao C, Cao W, Bao L, Zuo W, Xie G, Cai T, et al. Autophagy negatively regulates Wnt signalling by promoting Dishevelled degradation. Nat Cell Biol 2010; 12:781 - 790
  • Pohl C, Jentsch S. Midbody ring disposal by autophagy is a post-abscission event of cytokinesis. Nat Cell Biol 2009; 11:65 - 70
  • Ponpuak M, Davis AS, Roberts EA, Delgado MA, Dinkins C, Zhao Z, et al. Delivery of cytosolic components by autophagic adaptor protein p62 endows autophagosomes with unique antimicrobial properties. Immunity 2010; 32:329 - 341
  • Joung I, Strominger JL, Shin J. Molecular cloning of a phosphotyrosine-independent ligand of the p56lck SH2 domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93:5991 - 5995
  • Shin J. p62 and the sequestosome, a novel mechanism for protein metabolism. Arch Pharm Res 1998; 21:629 - 633
  • Ishii T, Yanagawa T, Kawane T, Yuki K, Seita J, Yoshida H, et al. Murine peritoneal macrophages induce a novel 60 kDa protein with structural similarity to a tyrosine kinase p56lck-associated protein in response to oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 226:456 - 460
  • Puls A, Schmidt S, Grawe F, Stabel S. Interaction of protein kinase C zeta with ZIP, a novel protein kinase C-binding protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94:6191 - 6196
  • Lamark T, Perander M, Outzen H, Kristiansen K, Øvervatn A, Michaelsen E, et al. Interaction codes within the family of mammalian Phox and Bem1p domain-containing proteins. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:34568 - 34581
  • Sanchez P, De Carcer G, Sandoval IV, Moscat J, Diaz-Meco MT. Localization of atypical protein kinase C isoforms into lysosome-targeted endosomes through interaction with p62. Mol Cell Biol 1998; 18:3069 - 3080
  • Wilson MI, Gill DJ, Perisic O, Quinn MT, Williams RL. PB1 domain-mediated heterodimerization in NADPH oxidase and signaling complexes of atypical protein kinase C with Par6 and p62. Mol Cell 2003; 12:39 - 50
  • Nakamura K, Kimple AJ, Siderovski DP, Johnson GL. PB1 domain interaction of p62/sequestosome 1 and MEKK3 regulates NFκB activation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:2077 - 2089
  • Pankiv S, Lamark T, Bruun JA, Øvervatn A, Bjørkøy G, Johansen T. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of p62/SQSTM1 and its role in recruitment of nuclear polyubiquitinated proteins to promyelocytic leukemia bodies. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:5941 - 5953
  • Vadlamudi RK, Joung I, Strominger JL, Shin J. p62, a phosphotyrosine-independent ligand of the SH2 domain of p56lck, belongs to a new class of ubiquitin-binding proteins. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:20235 - 20237
  • Long J, Gallagher TR, Cavey JR, Sheppard PW, Ralston SH, Layfield R, et al. Ubiquitin recognition by the ubiquitin-associated domain of p62 involves a novel conformational switch. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:5427 - 5440
  • Seibenhener ML, Babu JR, Geetha T, Wong HC, Krishna NR, Wooten MW. Sequestosome 1/p62 is a polyubiquitin chain binding protein involved in ubiquitin proteasome degradation. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:8055 - 8068
  • Raasi S, Varadan R, Fushman D, Pickart CM. Diverse polyubiquitin interaction properties of ubiquitin-associated domains. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2005; 12:708 - 714
  • Long J, Garner TP, Pandya MJ, Craven CJ, Chen P, Shaw B, et al. Dimerisation of the UBA domain of p62 inhibits ubiquitin binding and regulates NFκB signalling. J Mol Biol 2010; 396:178 - 194
  • Cavey JR, Ralston SH, Hocking LJ, Sheppard PW, Ciani B, Searle MS, et al. Loss of ubiquitin-binding associated with Paget's disease of bone p62 (SQSTM1) mutations. J Bone Miner Res 2005; 20:619 - 624
  • Duran A, Serrano M, Leitges M, Flores JM, Picard S, Brown JP, et al. The atypical PKC-interacting protein p62 is an important mediator of RANK-activated osteoclastogenesis. Dev Cell 2004; 6:303 - 309
  • Kurihara N, Hiruma Y, Zhou H, Subler MA, Dempster DW, Singer FR, et al. Mutation of the sequestosome 1 (p62) gene increases osteoclastogenesis but does not induce Paget disease. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:133 - 142
  • Yip KH, Feng H, Pavlos NJ, Zheng MH, Xu J. p62 ubiquitin binding-associated domain mediated the receptor activator of nuclear factorkappaB ligand-induced osteoclast formation: a new insight into the pathogenesis of Paget's disease of bone. Am J Pathol 2006; 169:503 - 514
  • Kuusisto E, Salminen A, Alafuzoff I. Ubiquitin-binding protein p62 is present in neuronal and glial inclusions in human tauopathies and synucleinopathies. Neuroreport 2001; 12:2085 - 2090
  • Strnad P, Zatloukal K, Stumptner C, Kulaksiz H, Denk H. Mallory-Denk-bodies: lessons from keratin-containing hepatic inclusion bodies. Biochim Biophys Acta 2008; 1782:764 - 774
  • Zatloukal K, Stumptner C, Fuchsbichler A, Heid H, Schnoelzer M, Kenner L, et al. p62 Is a common component of cytoplasmic inclusions in protein aggregation diseases. Am J Pathol 2002; 160:255 - 263
  • Settembre C, Fraldi A, Jahreiss L, Spampanato C, Venturi C, Medina D, et al. A block of autophagy in lysosomal storage disorders. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:119 - 129
  • Kuusisto E, Kauppinen T, Alafuzoff I. Use of p62/SQSTM1 antibodies for neuropathological diagnosis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2008; 34:169 - 180
  • Kirkin V, McEwan DG, Novak I, Dikic I. A role for ubiquitin in selective autophagy. Mol Cell 2009; 34:259 - 269
  • Kraft C, Peter M, Hofmann K. Selective autophagy: ubiquitin-mediated recognition and beyond. Nat Cell Biol 2010; 12:836 - 841
  • Waters S, Marchbank K, Solomon E, Whitehouse C, Gautel M. Interactions with LC3 and polyubiquitin chains link nbr1 to autophagic protein turnover. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:1846 - 1852
  • Lange S, Xiang F, Yakovenko A, Vihola A, Hackman P, Rostkova E, et al. The kinase domain of titin controls muscle gene expression and protein turnover. Science 2005; 308:1599 - 1603
  • Mardakheh FK, Yekezare M, Machesky LM, Heath JK. Spred2 interaction with the late endosomal protein NBR1 downregulates fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling. J Cell Biol 2009; 187:265 - 277
  • Whitehouse CA, Waters S, Marchbank K, Horner A, McGowan NW, Jovanovic JV, et al. Neighbor of Brca1 gene (Nbr1) functions as a negative regulator of postnatal osteoblastic bone formation and p38 MAPK activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107:12913 - 12918
  • Yang JQ, Liu H, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J. NBR1 is a new PB1 signalling adapter in Th2 differentiation and allergic airway inflammation in vivo. EMBO J 2010;
  • Noda NN, Kumeta H, Nakatogawa H, Satoo K, Adachi W, Ishii J, et al. Structural basis of target recognition by Atg8/LC3 during selective autophagy. Genes Cells 2008; 13:1211 - 1218
  • Noda NN, Ohsumi Y, Inagaki F. Atg8-family interacting motif crucial for selective autophagy. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:1379 - 1385
  • Ichimura Y, Kominami E, Tanaka K, Komatsu M. Selective turnover of p62/A170/SQSTM1 by autophagy. Autophagy 2008; 4:1063 - 1066
  • Shvets E, Fass E, Scherz-Shouval R, Elazar Z. The N-terminus and Phe52 residue of LC3 recruit p62/SQSTM1 into autophagosomes. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:2685 - 2695
  • Lamark T, Kirkin V, Dikic I, Johansen T. NBR1 and p62 as cargo receptors for selective autophagy of ubiquitinated targets. Cell Cycle 2009; 8:1986 - 1990
  • Pankiv S, Alemu EA, Brech A, Bruun JA, Lamark T, Overvatn A, et al. FYCO1 is a Rab7 effector that binds to LC3 and PI3P to mediate microtubule plus end-directed vesicle transport. J Cell Biol 2010; 188:253 - 269
  • Satoo K, Noda NN, Kumeta H, Fujioka Y, Mizushima N, Ohsumi Y, et al. The structure of Atg4B-LC3 complex reveals the mechanism of LC3 processing and delipidation during autophagy. EMBO J 2009; 28:1341 - 1350
  • Yamaguchi M, Noda NN, Nakatogawa H, Kumeta H, Ohsumi Y, Inagaki F. Autophagy-related protein 8 (Atg8) family interacting motif in Atg3 mediates the Atg3-Atg8 interaction and is crucial for the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:29599 - 29607
  • Mohrluder J, Hoffmann Y, Stangler T, Hanel K, Willbold D. Identification of clathrin heavy chain as a direct interaction partner for the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor associated protein. Biochemistry 2007; 46:14537 - 14543
  • Mohrluder J, Stangler T, Hoffmann Y, Wiesehan K, Mataruga A, Willbold D. Identification of calreticulin as a ligand of GABARAP by phage display screening of a peptide library. FEBS J 2007; 274:5543 - 5555
  • Schwarten M, Mohrluder J, Ma P, Stoldt M, Thielmann Y, Stangler T, et al. Nix directly binds to GABARAP: A possible crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy. Autophagy 2009; 5:690 - 598
  • Behrends C, Sowa ME, Gygi SP, Harper JW. Network organization of the human autophagy system. Nature 2010; 466:68 - 76
  • Olzmann JA, Li L, Chudaev MV, Chen J, Perez FA, Palmiter RD, et al. Parkin-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination targets misfolded DJ-1 to aggresomes via binding to HDAC6. J Cell Biol 2007; 178:1025 - 1038
  • Tan JM, Wong ES, Kirkpatrick DS, Pletnikova O, Ko HS, Tay SP, et al. Lysine 63-linked ubiquitination promotes the formation and autophagic clearance of protein inclusions associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:431 - 439
  • Clausen TH, Lamark T, Isakson P, Finley K, Larsen KB, Brech A, et al. p62/SQSTM1 and ALFY interact to facilitate the formation of p62 bodies/ALIS and their degradation by autophagy. Autophagy 2010; 6:330 - 344
  • Geetha T, Wooten MW. Structure and functional properties of the ubiquitin binding protein p62. FEBS Lett 2002; 512:19 - 24
  • Lau A, Wang XJ, Zhao F, Villeneuve NF, Wu T, Jiang T, et al. A noncanonical mechanism of Nrf2 activation by autophagy deficiency: direct interaction between Keap1 and p62. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 30:3275 - 3285
  • Lelouard H, Gatti E, Cappello F, Gresser O, Camosseto V, Pierre P. Transient aggregation of ubiquitinated proteins during dendritic cell maturation. Nature 2002; 417:177 - 182
  • Lelouard H, Ferrand V, Marguet D, Bania J, Camosseto V, David A, et al. Dendritic cell aggresome-like induced structures are dedicated areas for ubiquitination and storage of newly synthesized defective proteins. J Cell Biol 2004; 164:667 - 675
  • Shvets E, Elazar Z. Autophagy-independent incorporation of GFP-LC3 into protein aggregates is dependent on its interaction with p62/SQSTM1. Autophagy 2008; 4:1054 - 1056
  • Kuma A, Matsui M, Mizushima N. LC3, an autophagosome marker, can be incorporated into protein aggregates independent of autophagy: caution in the interpretation of LC3 localization. Autophagy 2007; 3:323 - 328
  • Simonsen A, Birkeland HC, Gillooly DJ, Mizushima N, Kuma A, Yoshimori T, et al. Alfy, a novel FYVE-domain-containing protein associated with protein granules and autophagic membranes. J Cell Sci 2004; 117:4239 - 4251
  • Finley KD, Edeen PT, Cumming RC, Mardahl-Dumesnil MD, Taylor BJ, Rodriguez MH, et al. blue cheese mutations define a novel, conserved gene involved in progressive neural degeneration. J Neurosci 2003; 23:1254 - 1264
  • Carra S, Seguin SJ, Lambert H, Landry J. HspB8 chaperone activity toward poly(Q)-containing proteins depends on its association with Bag3, a stimulator of macroautophagy. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:1437 - 1444
  • Crippa V, Sau D, Rusmini P, Boncoraglio A, Onesto E, Bolzoni E, et al. The small heat shock protein B8 (HspB8) promotes autophagic removal of mis-folded proteins involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:3440 - 3456
  • Arndt V, Dick N, Tawo R, Dreiseidler M, Wenzel D, Hesse M, et al. Chaperone-assisted selective autophagy is essential for muscle maintenance. Curr Biol 2010; 20:143 - 148
  • Kleijnen MF, Shih AH, Zhou P, Kumar S, Soccio RE, Kedersha NL, et al. The hPLIC proteins may provide a link between the ubiquitination machinery and the proteasome. Mol Cell 2000; 6:409 - 419
  • Lim PJ, Danner R, Liang J, Doong H, Harman C, Srinivasan D, et al. Ubiquilin and p97/VCP bind erasin, forming a complex involved in ERAD. J Cell Biol 2009; 187:201 - 217
  • Boyault C, Gilquin B, Zhang Y, Rybin V, Garman E, Meyer-Klaucke W, et al. HDAC6-p97/VCP controlled polyubiquitin chain turnover. EMBO J 2006; 25:3357 - 3366
  • Rothenberg C, Srinivasan D, Mah L, Kaushik S, Peterhoff CM, Ugolino J, et al. Ubiquilin functions in autophagy and is degraded by chaperone-mediated autophagy. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:3219 - 3232
  • Tresse E, Salomons FA, Vesa J, Bott LC, Kimonis V, Yao TP, et al. VCP/p97 is essential for maturation of ubiquitin-containing autophagosomes and this function is impaired by mutations that cause IBMPFD. Autophagy 2010; 6:217 - 227
  • Hara T, Nakamura K, Matsui M, Yamamoto A, Nakahara Y, Suzuki-Migishima R, et al. Suppression of basal autophagy in neural cells causes neurodegenerative disease in mice. Nature 2006; 441:885 - 889
  • Komatsu M, Waguri S, Chiba T, Murata S, Iwata J, Tanida I, et al. Loss of autophagy in the central nervous system causes neurodegeneration in mice. Nature 2006; 441:880 - 884
  • Juhasz G, Erdi B, Sass M, Neufeld TP. Atg7-dependent autophagy promotes neuronal health, stress tolerance and longevity but is dispensable for metamorphosis in Drosophila. Genes Dev 2007; 21:3061 - 3066
  • Simonsen A, Cumming RC, Brech A, Isakson P, Schubert DR, Finley KD. Promoting basal levels of autophagy in the nervous system enhances longevity and oxidant resistance in adult Drosophila. Autophagy 2008; 4:176 - 184
  • Liang CC, Wang C, Peng X, Gan B, Guan JL. Neural-specific deletion of FIP200 leads to cerebellar degeneration caused by increased neuronal death and axon degeneration. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:3499 - 3509
  • Raben N, Hill V, Shea L, Takikita S, Baum R, Mizushima N, et al. Suppression of autophagy in skeletal muscle uncovers the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and their potential role in muscle damage in Pompe disease. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:3897 - 3908
  • Masiero E, Agatea L, Mammucari C, Blaauw B, Loro E, Komatsu M, et al. Autophagy is required to maintain muscle mass. Cell Metab 2009; 10:507 - 515
  • Nakai A, Yamaguchi O, Takeda T, Higuchi Y, Hikoso S, Taniike M, et al. The role of autophagy in cardiomyocytes in the basal state and in response to hemodynamic stress. Nat Med 2007; 13:619 - 624
  • Ebato C, Uchida T, Arakawa M, Komatsu M, Ueno T, Komiya K, et al. Autophagy is important in islet homeostasis and compensatory increase of beta cell mass in response to high-fat diet. Cell Metab 2008; 8:325 - 332
  • Jung HS, Chung KW, Won Kim J, Kim J, Komatsu M, Tanaka K, et al. Loss of autophagy diminishes pancreatic beta cell mass and function with resultant hyperglycemia. Cell Metab 2008; 8:318 - 324
  • Hartleben B, Godel M, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Liu S, Ulrich T, Kobler S, et al. Autophagy influences glomerular disease susceptibility and maintains podocyte homeostasis in aging mice. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:1084 - 1096
  • Nezis IP, Simonsen A, Sagona AP, Finley K, Gaumer S, Contamine D, et al. Ref(2)P, the Drosophila melanogaster homologue of mammalian p62, is required for the formation of protein aggregates in adult brain. J Cell Biol 2008; 180:1065 - 1071
  • Denk H, Stumptner C, Fuchsbichler A, Muller T, Farr G, Muller W, et al. Are the Mallory bodies and intracellular hyaline bodies in neoplastic and non-neoplastic hepatocytes related?. J Pathol 2006; 208:653 - 661
  • Lamark T, Johansen T. Autophagy: links with the proteasome. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2010; 22:192 - 198
  • Korolchuk VI, Mansilla A, Menzies FM, Rubinsztein DC. Autophagy inhibition compromises degradation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway substrates. Mol Cell 2009; 33:517 - 527
  • Komatsu M, Kurokawa H, Waguri S, Taguchi K, Kobayashi A, Ichimura Y, et al. The selective autophagy substrate p62 activates the stress responsive transcription factor Nrf2 through inactivation of Keap1. Nat Cell Biol 2010; 12:213 - 223
  • Ramesh Babu J, Lamar Seibenhener M, Peng J, Strom AL, Kemppainen R, Cox N, et al. Genetic inactivation of p62 leads to accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau and neurodegeneration. J Neurochem 2008; 106:107 - 120
  • Wooten MW, Geetha T, Babu JR, Seibenhener ML, Peng J, Cox N, et al. Essential role of sequestosome 1/p62 in regulating accumulation of Lys63-ubiquitinated proteins. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:6783 - 6789
  • Johnston JA, Ward CL, Kopito RR. Aggresomes: a cellular response to misfolded proteins. J Cell Biol 1998; 143:1883 - 1898
  • Arrasate M, Mitra S, Schweitzer ES, Segal MR, Finkbeiner S. Inclusion body formation reduces levels of mutant huntingtin and the risk of neuronal death. Nature 2004; 431:805 - 810
  • Iwata A, Riley BE, Johnston JA, Kopito RR. HDAC6 and microtubules are required for autophagic degradation of aggregated huntingtin. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:40282 - 40292
  • Kawaguchi Y, Kovacs JJ, McLaurin A, Vance JM, Ito A, Yao TP. The deacetylase HDAC6 regulates aggresome formation and cell viability in response to misfolded protein stress. Cell 2003; 115:727 - 738
  • Lee JY, Koga H, Kawaguchi Y, Tang W, Wong E, Gao YS, et al. HDAC6 controls autophagosome maturation essential for ubiquitin-selective quality-control autophagy. EMBO J 2010; 29:969 - 980
  • Pandey UB, Nie Z, Batlevi Y, McCray BA, Ritson GP, Nedelsky NB, et al. HDAC6 rescues neurodegeneration and provides an essential link between autophagy and the UPS. Nature 2007; 447:859 - 863
  • Iwata A, Christianson JC, Bucci M, Ellerby LM, Nukina N, Forno LS, et al. Increased susceptibility of cytoplasmic over nuclear polyglutamine aggregates to autophagic degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102:13135 - 13140
  • Ravikumar B, Duden R, Rubinsztein DC. Aggregate-prone proteins with polyglutamine and polyalanine expansions are degraded by autophagy. Hum Mol Genet 2002; 11:1107 - 1117
  • Ravikumar B, Vacher C, Berger Z, Davies JE, Luo S, Oroz LG, et al. Inhibition of mTOR induces autophagy and reduces toxicity of polyglutamine expansions in fly and mouse models of Huntington disease. Nat Genet 2004; 36:585 - 595
  • Wong ES, Tan JM, Soong WE, Hussein K, Nukina N, Dawson VL, et al. Autophagy-mediated clearance of aggresomes is not a universal phenomenon. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:2570 - 2582
  • Nagaoka U, Kim K, Jana NR, Doi H, Maruyama M, Mitsui K, et al. Increased expression of p62 in expanded polyglutamine-expressing cells and its association with polyglutamine inclusions. J Neurochem 2004; 91:57 - 68
  • Tung YT, Hsu WM, Lee H, Huang WP, Liao YF. The evolutionarily conserved interaction between LC3 and p62 selectively mediates autophagy-dependent degradation of mutant huntingtin. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2010; 30:795 - 806
  • Rockel TD, Stuhlmann D, von Mikecz A. Proteasomes degrade proteins in focal subdomains of the human cell nucleus. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:5231 - 5242
  • Kim I, Rodriguez-Enriquez S, Lemasters JJ. Selective degradation of mitochondria by mitophagy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 462:245 - 253
  • Sandoval H, Thiagarajan P, Dasgupta SK, Schumacher A, Prchal JT, Chen M, et al. Essential role for Nix in autophagic maturation of erythroid cells. Nature 2008; 454:232 - 235
  • Schweers RL, Zhang J, Randall MS, Loyd MR, Li W, Dorsey FC, et al. NIX is required for programmed mitochondrial clearance during reticulocyte maturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104:19500 - 19505
  • Narendra DP, Jin SM, Tanaka A, Suen DF, Gautier CA, Shen J, et al. PINK1 is selectively stabilized on impaired mitochondria to activate Parkin. PLoS Biol 2010; 8:1000298
  • Lee JY, Nagano Y, Taylor JP, Lim KL, Yao TP. Disease-causing mutations in parkin impair mitochondrial ubiquitination, aggregation and HDAC6-dependent mitophagy. J Cell Biol 2010; 189:671 - 679
  • Gegg ME, Cooper JM, Chau KY, Rojo M, Schapira AH, Taanman JW. Mitofusin 1 and mitofusin 2 are ubiquitinated in a PINK1/parkin-dependent manner upon induction of mitophagy. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:4861 - 4870
  • Ziviani E, Tao RN, Whitworth AJ. Drosophila parkin requires PINK1 for mitochondrial translocation and ubiquitinates mitofusin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107:5018 - 5023
  • Ding WX, Ni HM, Li M, Liao Y, Chen X, Stolz DB, et al. Nix is critical to two distinct phases of mitophagy, reactive oxygen species-mediated autophagy induction and Parkin-ubiquitin-p62-mediated mitochondrial priming. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:27879 - 27890
  • Okatsu K, Saisho K, Shimanuki M, Nakada K, Shitara H, Sou YS, et al. p62/SQSTM1 cooperates with Parkin for perinuclear clustering of depolarized mitochondria. Genes Cells 2010; 15:887 - 900
  • Narendra DP, Kane LA, Hauser DN, Fearnley IM, Youle RJ. p62/SQSTM1 is required for Parkin-induced mitochondrial clustering but not mitophagy; VDAC1 is dispensable for both. Autophagy 2010; 6:1090 - 1106
  • Levine B. Eating oneself and uninvited guests: autophagy-related pathways in cellular defense. Cell 2005; 120:159 - 162
  • Perrin AJ, Jiang X, Birmingham CL, So NS, Brumell JH. Recognition of bacteria in the cytosol of mammalian cells by the ubiquitin system. Curr Biol 2004; 14:806 - 811
  • Kageyama T, Suzuki K, Ohsumi Y. Lap3 is a selective target of autophagy in yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 378:551 - 557
  • Onodera J, Ohsumi Y. Ald6p is a preferred target for autophagy in yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:16071 - 16076
  • Farre JC, Manjithaya R, Mathewson RD, Subramani S. PpAtg30 tags peroxisomes for turnover by selective autophagy. Dev Cell 2008; 14:365 - 376
  • Gal J, Strom AL, Kwinter DM, Kilty R, Zhang J, Shi P, et al. Sequestosome 1/p62 links familial ALS mutant SOD1 to LC3 via an ubiquitin-independent mechanism. J Neurochem 2009; 111:1062 - 1073
  • Zhang Y, Yan L, Zhou Z, Yang P, Tian E, Zhang K, et al. SEPA-1 mediates the specific recognition and degradation of P granule components by autophagy in C. elegans. Cell 2009; 136:308 - 321
  • Sanz L, Sanchez P, Lallena MJ, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J. The interaction of p62 with RIP links the atypical PKCs to NFκB activation. EMBO J 1999; 18:3044 - 3053
  • Sanz L, Diaz-Meco MT, Nakano H, Moscat J. The atypical PKC-interacting protein p62 channels NFκB activation by the IL-1-TRAF6 pathway. EMBO J 2000; 19:1576 - 1586
  • Wooten MW, Seibenhener ML, Neidigh KB, Vandenplas ML. Mapping of atypical protein kinase C within the nerve growth factor signaling cascade: relationship to differentiation and survival of PC12 cells. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:4494 - 4504
  • Lee SJ, Pfluger PT, Kim JY, Nogueiras R, Duran A, Pages G, et al. A functional role for the p62-ERK1 axis in the control of energy homeostasis and adipogenesis. EMBO Rep 2010; 11:226 - 232
  • Moscat J, Diaz-Meco MT, Wooten MW. Signal integration and diversification through the p62 scaffold protein. Trends Biochem Sci 2007; 32:95 - 100
  • Duran A, Linares JF, Galvez AS, Wikenheiser K, Flores JM, Diaz-Meco MT, et al. The signaling adaptor p62 is an important NFκB mediator in tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 2008; 13:343 - 354
  • Rodriguez A, Duran A, Selloum M, Champy MF, Diez-Guerra FJ, Flores JM, et al. Mature-onset obesity and insulin resistance in mice deficient in the signaling adapter p62. Cell Metab 2006; 3:211 - 222
  • Hiruma Y, Honjo T, Jelinek DF, Windle JJ, Shin J, Roodman GD, et al. Increased signaling through p62 in the marrow microenvironment increases myeloma cell growth and osteoclast formation. Blood 2009; 113:4894 - 4902
  • Hiruma Y, Kurihara N, Subler MA, Zhou H, Boykin CS, Zhang H, et al. A SQSTM1/p62 mutation linked to Paget's disease increases the osteoclastogenic potential of the bone microenvironment. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:3708 - 3719
  • Pursiheimo JP, Rantanen K, Heikkinen PT, Johansen T, Jaakkola PM. Hypoxia-activated autophagy accelerates degradation of SQSTM1/p62. Oncogene 2009; 28:334 - 344
  • Kadandale P, Stender JD, Glass CK, Kiger AA. Conserved role for autophagy in Rho1-mediated cortical remodeling and blood cell recruitment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107:10502 - 10507
  • Jin Z, Li Y, Pitti R, Lawrence D, Pham VC, Lill JR, et al. Cullin3-based polyubiquitination and p62-dependent aggregation of caspase-8 mediate extrinsic apoptosis signaling. Cell 2009; 137:721 - 735
  • Moscat J, Diaz-Meco MT. p62 at the crossroads of autophagy, apoptosis and cancer. Cell 2009; 137:1001 - 1004
  • Into T, Inomata M, Niida S, Murakami Y, Shibata KI. Regulation of MyD88 aggregation and the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway by sequestosome 1 and histone deacetylase 6. J Biol Chem 2010;
  • Swearingen KE, Loomis WP, Zheng M, Cookson BT, Dovichi NJ. Proteomic profiling of lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages by isotope coded affinity tagging. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:2412 - 2421
  • Ishii T, Yanagawa T, Yuki K, Kawane T, Yoshida H, Bannai S. Low micromolar levels of hydrogen peroxide and proteasome inhibitors induce the 60 kDa A170 stress protein in murine peritoneal macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 232:33 - 37
  • Hayes JD, McMahon M. NRF2 and KEAP1 mutations: permanent activation of an adaptive response in cancer. Trends Biochem Sci 2009; 34:176 - 188
  • Motohashi H, Yamamoto M. Nrf2-Keap1 defines a physiologically important stress response mechanism. Trends Mol Med 2004; 10:549 - 557
  • Sykiotis GP, Bohmann D. Stress-activated cap'n'collar transcription factors in aging and human disease. Sci Signal 2010; 3:3
  • Ishii T, Itoh K, Takahashi S, Sato H, Yanagawa T, Katoh Y, et al. Transcription factor Nrf2 coordinately regulates a group of oxidative stress-inducible genes in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:16023 - 16029
  • Liu Y, Kern JT, Walker JR, Johnson JA, Schultz PG, Luesch H. A genomic screen for activators of the antioxidant response element. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104:5205 - 5210
  • Copple IM, Lister A, Obeng AD, Kitteringham NR, Jenkins RE, Layfield R, et al. Physical and functional interaction of sequestosome 1 with Keap1 regulates the Keap1-Nrf2 cell defense pathway. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:16782 - 16788
  • Fan W, Tang Z, Chen D, Moughon D, Ding X, Chen S, et al. Keap1 facilitates p62-mediated ubiquitin aggregate clearance via autophagy. Autophagy 2010; 6:614 - 621
  • Jain A, Lamark T, Sjøttem E, Bowitz Larsen K, Awuh JA, Øvervatn A, et al. p62/SQSTM1 is a target gene for transcription factor NRF2 and creates a positive feedback loop by inducing antioxidant response element-driven gene transcription. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:22576 - 22591
  • Larsen KB, Lamark T, Øvervatn A, Harneshaug I, Johansen T, Bjørkøy G. A reporter cell system to monitor autophagy based on p62/SQSTM1. Autophagy 2010; 6:784 - 793
  • Mathew R, Karp CM, Beaudoin B, Vuong N, Chen G, Chen HY, et al. Autophagy suppresses tumorigenesis through elimination of p62. Cell 2009; 137:1062 - 1075
  • Dikic I, Johansen T, Kirkin V. Selective autophagy in cancer development and therapy. Cancer Res 2010; 70:3431 - 3434