Recombinant BCG as a vaccine vehicle to protect against tuberculosis

References

• Calmette A. Preventive vaccination against tuberculosis with BCG. Proc R Soc Med 1931; 24:85 - 94
   Google Scholar
• Calmette A, Guerin C. Nouvelles recherches experimentales sur la vaccination des bovides contre la tuberculose. Ann Inst Pasteur 1920; 34:553 - 560
   Google Scholar
• Bonah C. The ‘experimental stable’ of the BCG vaccine: safety, efficacy, proof and standards, 1921–1933. Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci 2005; 36:696 - 721
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Behr MA. BCG-different strains, different vaccines?. Lancet Infect Dis 2002; 2:86 - 92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues LC, Diwan VK, Wheeler JG. Protective effect of BCG against tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis: a meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 1993; 22:1154 - 1158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colditz GA, Berkey CS, Mosteller F, Brewer TF, Wilson ME, Burdick E, et al. The efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination of newborns and infants in the prevention of tuberculosis: meta-analyses of the published literature. Pediatrics 1995; 96:29 - 35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dye C, Bassili A, Bierrenbach AL, Broekmans JF, Chadha VK, Glaziou P, et al. Measuring tuberculosis burden, trends and the impact of control programmes. Lancet Infect Dis 2008; 8:233 - 243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexandroff AB, Jackson AM, O'Donnell MA, James K. BCG immunotherapy of bladder cancer: 20 years on. Lancet 1999; 353:1689 - 1694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalpana GV, Bloom BR, Jacobs WR Jr. Insertional mutagenesis and illegitimate recombination in mycobacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88:5433 - 5437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs WR Jr, Tuckman M, Bloom BR. Introduction of foreign DNA into mycobacteria using a shuttle phasmid. Nature 1987; 327:532 - 535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranes MG, Rauzier J, Lagranderie M, Gheorghiu M, Gicquel B. Functional analysis of pAL5000, a plasmid from Mycobacterium fortuitum: construction of a “mini” mycobacterium-Escherichia coli shuttle vector. J Bacteriol 1990; 172:2793 - 2797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spratt JM, Ryan AA, Britton WJ, Triccas JA. Epitope-tagging vectors for the expression and detection of recombinant proteins in mycobacteria. Plasmid 2005; 53:269 - 273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triccas JA, Parish T, Britton WJ, Gicquel B. An inducible expression system permitting the efficient purification of a recombinant antigen from Mycobacterium smegmatis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1998; 167:151 - 156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blokpoel MC, Murphy HN, O'Toole R, Wiles S, Runn ES, Stewart GR, et al. Tetracycline-inducible gene regulation in mycobacteria. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrt S, Guo XV, Hickey CM, Ryou M, Monteleone M, Riley LW, et al. Controlling gene expression in mycobacteria with anhydrotetracycline and Tet repressor. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuo K, Yamaguchi R, Yamazaki A, Tasaka H, Terasaka K, Totsuka M, et al. Establishment of a foreign antigen secretion system in mycobacteria. Infect Immun 1990; 58:4049 - 4054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stover CK, de la Cruz VF, Fuerst TR, Burlein JE, Benson LA, Bennett LT, et al. New use of BCG for recombinant vaccines. Nature 1991; 351:456 - 460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldovini A, Young RA. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to live recombinant BCG-HIV vaccines. Nature 1991; 351:479 - 482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winter N, Lagranderie M, Rauzier J, Timm J, Leclerc C, Guy B, et al. Expression of heterologous genes in Mycobacterium bovis BCG: induction of a cellular response against HIV-1 Nef protein. Gene 1991; 109:47 - 54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timm J, Lim EM, Gicquel B. Escherichia coli-mycobacteria shuttle vectors for operon and gene fusions to lacZ: the pJEM series. J Bacteriol 1994; 176:6749 - 6753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohara N, Yamada T. Recombinant BCG vaccines. Vaccine 2001; 19:4089 - 4098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiker HG, Harboe M. The antigen 85 complex: a major secretion product of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiol Rev 1992; 56:648 - 661
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roche PW, Triccas JA, Avery DT, Fifis T, Billman-Jacobe H, et al. Differential T cell responses to mycobacteria-secreted proteins distinguish vaccination with bacille Calmette-Guerin from infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 1994; 170:1326 - 1330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mustafa AS, Amoudy HA, Wiker HG, Abal AT, Ravn P, Oftung F, et al. Comparison of antigen-specific T-cell responses of tuberculosis patients using complex or single antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol 1998; 48:535 - 543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohara N, Matsuoka M, Nomaguchi H, Naito M, Yamada T. Inhibition of multiplication of Mycobacterium leprae in mouse foot pads by recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Vaccine 2000; 18:1294 - 1297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horwitz MA, Harth G, Dillon BJ, Maslesa-Galic S. Recombinant bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) vaccines expressing the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 30-kDa major secretory protein induce greater protective immunity against tuberculosis than conventional BCG vaccines in a highly susceptible animal model. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97:13853 - 13858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horwitz MA, Harth G. A new vaccine against tuberculosis affords greater survival after challenge than the current vaccine in the guinea pig model of pulmonary tuberculosis. Infect Immun 2003; 71:1672 - 1679
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoft DF, Blazevic A, Abate G, Hanekom WA, Kaplan G, Soler JH, et al. A new recombinant bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine safely induces significantly enhanced tuberculosis-specific immunity in human volunteers. J Infect Dis 2008; 198:1491 - 1501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugawara I, Sun L, Mizuno S, Taniyama T. Protective efficacy of recombinant BCG Tokyo (Ag85A) in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) infected intratracheally with H37Rv Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis 2009; 89:62 - 67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugawara I, Li Z, Sun L, Udagawa T, Taniyama T. Recombinant BCG Tokyo (Ag85A) protects cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) infected with H37Rv Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis 2007; 87:518 - 525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain R, Dey B, Dhar N, Rao V, Singh R, Gupta UD, et al. Enhanced and enduring protection against tuberculosis by recombinant BCG-Ag85C and its association with modulation of cytokine profile in lung. PLoS One 2008; 3:3869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qie YQ, Wang JL, Liu W, Shen H, Chen JZ, Zhu BD, et al. More vaccine efficacy studies on the recombinant Bacille Calmette-Guerin co-expressing Ag85B, Mpt64 and Mtb8.4. Scand J Immunol 2009; 69:342 - 350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahairas GG, Sabo PJ, Hickey MJ, Singh DC, Stover CK. Molecular analysis of genetic differences between Mycobacterium bovis BCG and virulent M. bovis. J Bacteriol 1996; 178:1274 - 1282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behr MA, Wilson MA, Gill WP, Salamon H, Schoolnik GK, Rane S, et al. Comparative genomics of BCG vaccines by whole-genome DNA microarray. Science 1999; 284:1520 - 1523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brosch R, Gordon SV, Garnier T, Eiglmeier K, Frigui W, Valenti P, et al. Genome plasticity of BCG and impact on vaccine efficacy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104:5596 - 5601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simeone R, Bottai D, Brosch R. ESX/type VII secretion systems and their role in host-pathogen interaction. Curr Opin Microbiol 2009; 12:4 - 10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pym AS, Brodin P, Majlessi L, Brosch R, Demangel C, Williams A, et al. Recombinant BCG exporting ESAT-6 confers enhanced protection against tuberculosis. Nat Med 2003; 9:533 - 539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao L, Chen W, Zhang H, Wang X. Virulence, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of two recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin strains expressing the antigen ESAT-6 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immun 2003; 71:1656 - 1661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pym AS, Brodin P, Brosch R, Huerre M, Cole ST. Loss of RD1 contributed to the attenuation of the live tuberculosis vaccines Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium microti. Mol Microbiol 2002; 46:709 - 717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palendira U, Spratt JM, Britton WJ, Triccas JA. Expanding the antigenic repertoire of BCG improves protective efficacy against aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Vaccine 2005; 23:1680 - 1685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia Pelayo MC, Uplekar S, Keniry A, Mendoza Lopez P, Garnier T, et al. A comprehensive survey of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across Mycobacterium bovis strains and M. bovis BCG vaccine strains refines the genealogy and defines a minimal set of SNPs that separate virulent M. bovis strains and M. bovis BCG strains. Infect Immun 2009; 77:2230 - 2238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen JM, Alexander DC, Behr MA, Liu J. Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccines exhibit defects in alanine and serine catabolism. Infect Immun 2003; 71:708 - 716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scandurra GM, Ryan AA, Pinto R, Britton WJ, Triccas JA. Contribution of L-alanine dehydrogenase to in vivo persistence and protective efficacy of the BCG vaccine. Microbiol Immunol 2006; 50:805 - 810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed MB, Domenech P, Manca C, Su H, Barczak AK, Kreiswirth BN, et al. A glycolipid of hypervirulent tuberculosis strains that inhibits the innate immune response. Nature 2004; 431:84 - 87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spreadbury CL, Pallen MJ, Overton T, Behr MA, Mostowy S, Spiro S, et al. Point mutations in the DNA- and cNMP-binding domains of the homologue of the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) in Mycobacterium bovis BCG: implications for the inactivation of a global regulator and strain attenuation. Microbiology 2005; 151:547 - 556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demissie A, Leyten EM, Abebe M, Wassie L, Aseffa A, Abate G, et al. Recognition of stage-specific mycobacterial antigens differentiates between acute and latent infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2006; 13:179 - 186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geluk A, Lin MY, van Meijgaarden KE, Leyten EM, Franken KL, Ottenhoff TH, et al. T-cell recognition of the HspX protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis correlates with latent M. tuberculosis infection but not with M. bovis BCG vaccination. Infect Immun 2007; 75:2914 - 2921
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin MY, Geluk A, Smith SG, Stewart AL, Friggen AH, Franken KL, et al. Lack of immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis DosR regulon proteins following Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination. Infect Immun 2007; 75:3523 - 3530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spratt JM, Britton WJ, Triccas JA. In vivo persistence and protective efficacy of the Bacille Calmette Guérin vaccine overexpressing the HspX latency antigen. Bioengineered Bugs 2009; 1:61 - 65
   Google Scholar
• Roupie V, Romano M, Zhang L, Korf H, Lin MY, Franken KL, et al. Immunogenicity of eight dormancy regulon-encoded proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in DNA-vaccinated and tuberculosis-infected mice. Infect Immun 2007; 75:941 - 949
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horn C, Namane A, Pescher P, Riviere M, Romain F, Puzo G, et al. Decreased capacity of recombinant 45/47-kDa molecules (Apa) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to stimulate T lymphocyte responses related to changes in their mannosylation pattern. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:32023 - 32030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Temmerman S, Pethe K, Parra M, Alonso S, Rouanet C, Pickett T, et al. Methylation-dependent T cell immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis heparin-binding hemagglutinin. Nat Med 2004; 10:935 - 941
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray PJ, Aldovini A, Young RA. Manipulation and potentiation of antimycobacterial immunity using recombinant bacille Calmette-Guerin strains that secrete cytokines. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93:934 - 939
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo Y, Chen X, Han R, O'Donnell MA. Recombinant bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) expressing human interferon-alpha2B demonstrates enhanced immunogenicity. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 123:264 - 270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donnell MA, Aldovini A, Duda RB, Yang H, Szilvasi A, Young RA, et al. Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG secreting functional interleukin-2 enhances gamma interferon production by splenocytes. Infect Immun 1994; 62:2508 - 2514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo Y, Yamada H, Chen X, Ryan AA, Evanoff DP, Triccas JA, et al. Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) expressing mouse IL-18 augments Th1 immunity and macrophage cytotoxicity. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 137:24 - 34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triccas JA, Shklovskaya E, Spratt J, Ryan AA, Palendira U, Fazekas de St Groth B, et al. Effects of DNA- and Mycobacterium bovis BCG-based delivery of the Flt3 ligand on protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immun 2007; 75:5368 - 5375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan AA, Wozniak TM, Shklovskaya E, O'Donnell MA, Fazekas de St Groth B, Britton WJ, et al. Improved protection against disseminated tuberculosis by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin secreting murine GM-CSF is associated with expansion and activation of APCs. J Immunol 2007; 179:8418 - 8424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekker LG, Freeman S, Murray PJ, Ryffel B, Kaplan G. TNFα controls intracellular mycobacterial growth by both inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent and inducible nitric oxide synthase-independent pathways. J Immunol 2001; 166:6728 - 6734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreira AL, Tsenova L, Murray PJ, Freeman S, Bergtold A, Chiriboga L, et al. Aerosol infection of mice with recombinant BCG secreting murine IFNgamma partially reconstitutes local protective immunity. Microb Pathog 2000; 29:175 - 185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekker LG, Moreira AL, Bergtold A, Freeman S, Ryffel B, Kaplan G. Immunopathologic effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha in murine mycobacterial infection are dose dependent. Infect Immun 2000; 68:6954 - 6961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan AA, Spratt JM, Britton WJ, Triccas JA. Secretion of functional monocyte chemotactic protein 3 by recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG attenuates vaccine virulence and maintains protective efficacy against M. tuberculosis infection. Infect Immun 2007; 75:523 - 526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young S, O'Donnell M, Lockhart E, Buddle B, Slobbe L, Luo Y, et al. Manipulation of immune responses to Mycobacterium bovis by vaccination with IL-2- and IL-18-secreting recombinant bacillus Calmette Guerin. Immunol Cell Biol 2002; 80:209 - 215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreira AL, Tsenova L, Aman MH, Bekker LG, Freeman S, Mangaliso B, et al. Mycobacterial antigens exacerbate disease manifestations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice. Infect Immun 2002; 70:2100 - 2107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanzavecchia A, Sallusto F. Understanding the generation and function of memory T cell subsets. Curr Opin Immunol 2005; 17:326 - 332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang C, Yamada H, Shibata K, Maeda N, Yoshida S, Wajjwalku W, et al. Efficacy of recombinant bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine secreting interleukin-15/antigen 85B fusion protein in providing protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:1263 - 1274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grode L, Seiler P, Baumann S, Hess J, Brinkmann V, Nasser Eddine A, et al. Increased vaccine efficacy against tuberculosis of recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin mutants that secrete listeriolysin. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:2472 - 2479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jagannath C, Lindsey DR, Dhandayuthapani S, Xu Y, Hunter RL Jr, Eissa NT. Autophagy enhances the efficacy of BCG vaccine by increasing peptide presentation in mouse dendritic cells. Nat Med 2009; 15:267 - 276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutierrez MG, Master SS, Singh SB, Taylor GA, Colombo MI, Deretic V. Autophagy is a defense mechanism inhibiting BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in infected macrophages. Cell 2004; 119:753 - 766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun R, Skeiky YA, Izzo A, Dheenadhayalan V, Imam Z, Penn E, et al. Novel recombinant BCG expressing perfringolysin O and the overexpression of key immunodominant antigens; pre-clinical characterization, safety and protection against challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vaccine 2009; 27:4412 - 4423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magalhaes I, Sizemore DR, Ahmed RK, Mueller S, Wehlin L, Scanga C, et al. rBCG induces strong antigen-specific T cell responses in rhesus macaques in a prime-boost setting with an adenovirus 35 tuberculosis vaccine vector. PLoS One 2008; 3:3790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McShane H, Pathan AA, Sander CR, Keating SM, Gilbert SC, Huygen K, et al. Recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing antigen 85A boosts BCG-primed and naturally acquired antimycobacterial immunity in humans. Nat Med 2004; 10:1240 - 1244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tchilian EZ, Desel C, Forbes EK, Bandermann S, Sander CR, Hill AV, et al. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of prime-boost regimens with recombinant (Δ)ureC hly+ Mycobacterium bovis BCG and modified vaccinia virus ankara expressing M. tuberculosis antigen 85A against murine tuberculosis. Infect Immun 2009; 77:622 - 631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fine PE. Variation in protection by BCG: implications of and for heterologous immunity. Lancet 1995; 346:1339 - 1345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aagaard C, Doherty M, Andersen P. TB vaccines: current status and future perspectives. Immunol Cell Biol 2009; 87:279 - 286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar