1,520
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Commentary

Hierarchical structure of biological systems

A bioengineering approach

, &
Pages 73-79 | Received 23 Aug 2013, Accepted 23 Sep 2013, Published online: 21 Oct 2013

References

  • Bernard C. Introduction to the study of experimental Medicine. 1957, New York, Dover.
  • Guyton, Arthur C. and Hall, J.E. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 2002. New York, W.B. Saunders.
  • Nuland SB. Doctors: the biography of Medicine. 1995. New York, Vintage.
  • Simmons JG. Doctors and discoveries: lives that created today’s Medicine. 2002. Boston, Houghton Miffin.
  • Tortora GD, Grabowski SR. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 10th Edition. 2002. New York, John Wiley.
  • Heber-Katz E. Regeneration: Stem Cells and Beyond (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology). 2003. New York, Springer.
  • Liem K, Bermis W, Walker WF, Grande L, Walker W. (2000) Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective. New York, Brooks Cole.
  • Maturana HR. Tree of Knowledge. 1992. Boston, Shambalha.
  • Maturana HR, Varela FJ. Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living (Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science Vol. 42). 1980. New York, D. Reidel.
  • Wiener N. Cybernetics, or Control and Communication. In: The Animal and the Machine. Edited by Hermann Paris. 1948. Boston, MIT Press.
  • Ashby WR. An introduction to Cybernetics. 1956. London, Chapman & Hall.
  • von Bertalanffy L. General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications. 1976. New York, George Braziller.
  • Emsley J. Nature Building Blocks. 2001. New York, Oxford University Press Inc.
  • Mertz W. The essential trace elements. Science 1981; 213:1332 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.7022654; PMID: 7022654
  • Young VR. Trace element biology: the knowledge base and its application for the nutrition of individuals and populations. J Nutr 2003; 133:Suppl 1 1581S - 7S; PMID: 12730471
  • Bloomfield MM, Stephens LJ. Chemistry and the living organisms. 6th ed. 1996. New York, John Wiley & Sons.
  • Lovelock J. GAIA: A new look at life on Earth. 2000. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Huelsenbeck JP, Rannala B, Masly JP. Accommodating phylogenetic uncertainty in evolutionary studies. Science 2000; 288:2349 - 50; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5475.2349; PMID: 10875916
  • Sandler S. Chemical, Biochemical and Engineering Thermodynamics. 4th Ed. 2006. Boston, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Smith JM, Van Ness HC, Abbot M. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics. 2005. New York, McGraw-Hill.
  • Mertz W. Review of the scientific basis for establishing the essentiality of trace elements. Biol Trace Elem Res 1998; 66:185 - 91; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02783137; PMID: 10050919

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.