Rapamycin enhances cetuximab cytotoxicity by inhibiting mTOR-mediated drug resistance in mesenchymal hepatoma cells

References

• Soerjomataram I, Lortet-Tieulent J, Parkin DM, Ferlay J, Mathers C, Forman D, Bray F. Global burden of cancer in 2008: a systematic analysis of disability-adjusted life-years in 12 world regions. Lancet 2012; 380:1840 - 50; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60919-2; PMID: 23079588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 2012; 62:10 - 29; http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.20138; PMID: 22237781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruix J, Sherman M, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. Hepatology 2011; 53:1020 - 2; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.24199; PMID: 21374666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llovet JM, Ricci S, Mazzaferro V, Hilgard P, Gane E, Blanc JF, de Oliveira AC, Santoro A, Raoul JL, Forner A, et al, SHARP Investigators Study Group. Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:378 - 90; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0708857; PMID: 18650514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng AL, Kang YK, Chen Z, Tsao CJ, Qin S, Kim JS, Luo R, Feng J, Ye S, Yang TS, et al. Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients in the Asia-Pacific region with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2009; 10:25 - 34; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70285-7; PMID: 19095497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimassa L, Santoro A. The present and the future landscape of treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Liver Dis 2010; 42:Suppl 3 S273 - 80; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1590-8658(10)60516-6; PMID: 20547314
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abou-Alfa GK, Johnson P, Knox JJ, Capanu M, Davidenko I, Lacava J, Leung T, Gansukh B, Saltz LB. Doxorubicin plus sorafenib vs doxorubicin alone in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized trial. JAMA 2010; 304:2154 - 60; http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.1672; PMID: 21081728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ang SF, Tan SH, Toh HC, Poon DY, Ong SY, Foo KF, Choo SP. Activity of thalidomide and capecitabine in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2012; 35:222 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/COC.0b013e31820dbf56; PMID: 21378539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu QD, Chen W, Yan TL, Ma T, Chen CL, Liang C, Zhang Q, Xia XF, Liu H, Zhi X, et al. NSC 74859 enhances doxorubicin cytotoxicity via inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2012; 325:207 - 13; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2012.07.003; PMID: 22781398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirker R, Pereira JR, von Pawel J, Krzakowski M, Ramlau R, Park K, de Marinis F, Eberhardt WE, Paz-Ares L, Störkel S, et al. EGFR expression as a predictor of survival for first-line chemotherapy plus cetuximab in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: analysis of data from the phase 3 FLEX study. Lancet Oncol 2012; 13:33 - 42; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70318-7; PMID: 22056021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu AX, Stuart K, Blaszkowsky LS, Muzikansky A, Reitberg DP, Clark JW, Enzinger PC, Bhargava P, Meyerhardt JA, Horgan K, et al. Phase 2 study of cetuximab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 2007; 110:581 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.22829; PMID: 17583545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen W, Shen X, Xia X, Xu G, Ma T, Bai X, Liang T. NSC 74859-mediated inhibition of STAT3 enhances the anti-proliferative activity of cetuximab in hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2012; 32:70 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02631.x; PMID: 22098470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meric-Bernstam F, Gonzalez-Angulo AM. Targeting the mTOR signaling network for cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:2278 - 87; http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2008.20.0766; PMID: 19332717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guertin DA, Sabatini DM. Defining the role of mTOR in cancer. Cancer Cell 2007; 12:9 - 22; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2007.05.008; PMID: 17613433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster KG, Fingar DC. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR): conducting the cellular signaling symphony. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:14071 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.R109.094003; PMID: 20231296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs BC, Fujii T, Dorfman JD, Goodwin JM, Zhu AX, Lanuti M, Tanabe KK. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and integrin-linked kinase mediate sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition in human hepatoma cells. Cancer Res 2008; 68:2391 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2460; PMID: 18381447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan S. Targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR): a new approach to treating cancer. Br J Cancer 2004; 91:1420 - 4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6602162; PMID: 15365568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoki K, Li Y, Zhu T, Wu J, Guan KL. TSC2 is phosphorylated and inhibited by Akt and suppresses mTOR signalling. Nat Cell Biol 2002; 4:648 - 57; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncb839; PMID: 12172553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo M, Song LP, Jiang Y, Liu W, Yu Y, Chen GQ. Hypoxia-mimetic agents desferrioxamine and cobalt chloride induce leukemic cell apoptosis through different hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha independent mechanisms. Apoptosis 2006; 11:67 - 77; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10495-005-3085-3; PMID: 16374551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannito S, Novo E, Compagnone A, Valfrè di Bonzo L, Busletta C, Zamara E, Paternostro C, Povero D, Bandino A, Bozzo F, et al. Redox mechanisms switch on hypoxia-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:2267 - 78; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgn216; PMID: 18791199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins DF, Kimura K, Bernhardt WM, Shrimanker N, Akai Y, Hohenstein B, Saito Y, Johnson RS, Kretzler M, Cohen CD, et al. Hypoxia promotes fibrogenesis in vivo via HIF-1 stimulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:3810 - 20; PMID: 18037992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang YG, Luo Y, He DL, Li X, Zhang LL, Peng T, Li MC, Lin YH. Role of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human prostate cancer induced by hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha. Int J Urol 2007; 14:1034 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2007.01866.x; PMID: 17956532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz JD, Schwartz M, Mandeli J, Sung M. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: review of the randomised clinical trials. Lancet Oncol 2002; 3:593 - 603; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(02)00873-2; PMID: 12372721
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuel M, Chow PK, Chan Shih-Yen E, Machin D, Soo KC. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; CD001199; PMID: 19160192
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arumugam T, Ramachandran V, Fournier KF, Wang H, Marquis L, Abbruzzese JL, Gallick GE, Logsdon CD, McConkey DJ, Choi W. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition contributes to drug resistance in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 2009; 69:5820 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2819; PMID: 19584296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li QQ, Xu JD, Wang WJ, Cao XX, Chen Q, Tang F, Chen ZQ, Liu XP, Xu ZD. Twist1-mediated adriamycin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition relates to multidrug resistance and invasive potential in breast cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:2657 - 65; http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2372; PMID: 19336515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mondesire WH, Jian W, Zhang H, Ensor J, Hung MC, Mills GB, Meric-Bernstam F. Targeting mammalian target of rapamycin synergistically enhances chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:7031 - 42; http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0361; PMID: 15501983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steelman LS, Navolanic PM, Sokolosky ML, Taylor JR, Lehmann BD, Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Wong EW, Stadelman KM, Terrian DM, et al. Suppression of PTEN function increases breast cancer chemotherapeutic drug resistance while conferring sensitivity to mTOR inhibitors. Oncogene 2008; 27:4086 - 95; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/onc.2008.49; PMID: 18332865
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grünwald V, DeGraffenried L, Russel D, Friedrichs WE, Ray RB, Hidalgo M. Inhibitors of mTOR reverse doxorubicin resistance conferred by PTEN status in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 2002; 62:6141 - 5; PMID: 12414639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geoerger B, Kerr K, Tang CB, Fung KM, Powell B, Sutton LN, Phillips PC, Janss AJ. Antitumor activity of the rapamycin analog CCI-779 in human primitive neuroectodermal tumor/medulloblastoma models as single agent and in combination chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2001; 61:1527 - 32; PMID: 11245461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassell A, Freilino ML, Lee J, Barr S, Wang L, Panahandeh MC, Thomas SM, Grandis JR. Targeting TORC1/2 enhances sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors in head and neck cancer preclinical models. Neoplasia 2012; 14:1005 - 14; PMID: 23226094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herberger B, Berger W, Puhalla H, Schmid K, Novak S, Brandstetter A, Pirker C, Gruenberger T, Filipits M. Simultaneous blockade of the epidermal growth factor receptor/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway by epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and rapamycin results in reduced cell growth and survival in biliary tract cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:1547 - 56; http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0003; PMID: 19509244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar