G9a, a multipotent regulator of gene expression

References

• Dunham I, Sargent CA, Kendall E, Campbell RD. Characterization of the class III region in different MHC haplotypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Immunogenetics 1990; 32:175 - 82; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02114970; PMID: 1977694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spies T, Bresnahan M, Strominger JL. Human major histocompatibility complex contains a minimum of 19 genes between the complement cluster and HLA-B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:8955 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.22.8955; PMID: 2813433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milner CM, Campbell RD. The G9a gene in the human major histocompatibility complex encodes a novel protein containing ankyrin-like repeats. Biochem J 1993; 290:811 - 8; PMID: 8457211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown SE, Campbell RD, Sanderson CM. Novel NG36/G9a gene products encoded within the human and mouse MHC class III regions. Mamm Genome 2001; 12:916 - 24; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00335-001-3029-3; PMID: 11707778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogawa H, Ishiguro K-I, Gaubatz S, Livingston DM, Nakatani Y. A complex with chromatin modifiers that occupies E2F- and Myc-responsive genes in G0 cells. Science 2002; 296:1132 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1069861; PMID: 12004135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillon SC, Zhang X, Trievel RC, Cheng X. The SET-domain protein superfamily: protein lysine methyltransferases. Genome Biol 2005; 6:227; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-2005-6-8-227; PMID: 16086857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tachibana M, Sugimoto K, Fukushima T, Shinkai Y. Set domain-containing protein, G9a, is a novel lysine-preferring mammalian histone methyltransferase with hyperactivity and specific selectivity to lysines 9 and 27 of histone H3. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:25309 - 17; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M101914200; PMID: 11316813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rea S, Eisenhaber F, O’Carroll D, Strahl BD, Sun ZW, Schmid M, et al. Regulation of chromatin structure by site-specific histone H3 methyltransferases. Nature 2000; 406:593 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35020506; PMID: 10949293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Carroll D, Scherthan H, Peters AH, Opravil S, Haynes AR, Laible G, et al. Isolation and characterization of Suv39h2, a second histone H3 methyltransferase gene that displays testis-specific expression. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:9423 - 33; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MCB.20.24.9423-9433.2000; PMID: 11094092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamaru H, Selker EU. A histone H3 methyltransferase controls DNA methylation in Neurospora crassa. Nature 2001; 414:277 - 83; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35104508; PMID: 11713521
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Tamaru H, Khan SI, Horton JR, Keefe LJ, Selker EU, et al. Structure of the Neurospora SET domain protein DIM-5, a histone H3 lysine methyltransferase. Cell 2002; 111:117 - 27; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00999-6; PMID: 12372305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estève P-O, Patnaik D, Chin HG, Benner J, Teitell MA, Pradhan S. Functional analysis of the N- and C-terminus of mammalian G9a histone H3 methyltransferase. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:3211 - 23; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gki635; PMID: 15939934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu H, Min J, Lunin VV, Antoshenko T, Dombrovski L, Zeng H, et al. Structural biology of human H3K9 methyltransferases. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8570; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008570; PMID: 20084102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tachibana M, Ueda J, Fukuda M, Takeda N, Ohta T, Iwanari H, et al. Histone methyltransferases G9a and GLP form heteromeric complexes and are both crucial for methylation of euchromatin at H3-K9. Genes Dev 2005; 19:815 - 26; http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1284005; PMID: 15774718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patnaik D, Chin HG, Estève P-O, Benner J, Jacobsen SE, Pradhan S. Substrate specificity and kinetic mechanism of mammalian G9a histone H3 methyltransferase. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:53248 - 58; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M409604200; PMID: 15485804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang Y, Ganesh T, Horton JR, Spannhoff A, Liu J, Sun A, et al. Adding a lysine mimic in the design of potent inhibitors of histone lysine methyltransferases. J Mol Biol 2010; 400:1 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2010.04.048; PMID: 20434463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vedadi M, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Liu F, Rival-Gervier S, Allali-Hassani A, Labrie V, et al. A chemical probe selectively inhibits G9a and GLP methyltransferase activity in cells. Nat Chem Biol 2011; 7:566 - 74; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.599; PMID: 21743462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin HG, Estève P-O, Pradhan M, Benner J, Patnaik D, Carey MF, et al. Automethylation of G9a and its implication in wider substrate specificity and HP1 binding. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:7313 - 23; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkm726; PMID: 17962312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin HG, Pradhan M, Estève P-O, Patnaik D, Evans TC Jr., Pradhan S. Sequence specificity and role of proximal amino acids of the histone H3 tail on catalysis of murine G9A lysine 9 histone H3 methyltransferase. Biochemistry 2005; 44:12998 - 3006; http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi0509907; PMID: 16185068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathert P, Dhayalan A, Murakami M, Zhang X, Tamas R, Jurkowska R, et al. Protein lysine methyltransferase G9a acts on non-histone targets. Nat Chem Biol 2008; 4:344 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.88; PMID: 18438403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampath SC, Marazzi I, Yap KL, Sampath SC, Krutchinsky AN, Mecklenbräuker I, et al. Methylation of a histone mimic within the histone methyltransferase G9a regulates protein complex assembly. Mol Cell 2007; 27:596 - 608; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2007.06.026; PMID: 17707231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JS, Kim Y, Kim IS, Kim B, Choi HJ, Lee JM, et al. Negative regulation of hypoxic responses via induced Reptin methylation. Mol Cell 2010; 39:71 - 85; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2010.06.008; PMID: 20603076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leutz A, Pless O, Lappe M, Dittmar G, Kowenz-Leutz E. Crosstalk between phosphorylation and multi-site arginine/lysine methylation in C/EBPs. Transcription 2011; 2:3 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/trns.2.1.13510; PMID: 21326902
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pless O, Kowenz-Leutz E, Knoblich M, Lausen J, Beyermann M, Walsh MJ, et al. G9a-mediated lysine methylation alters the function of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:26357 - 63; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M802132200; PMID: 18647749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ling BMT, Bharathy N, Chung T-K, Kok WK, Li S, Tan YH, et al. Lysine methyltransferase G9a methylates the transcription factor MyoD and regulates skeletal muscle differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:841 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1111628109; PMID: 22215600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang J, Dorsey J, Chuikov S, Pérez-Burgos L, Zhang X, Jenuwein T, et al. G9a and Glp methylate lysine 373 in the tumor suppressor p53. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:9636 - 41; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.062588; PMID: 20118233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaturvedi C-P, Hosey AM, Palii C, Perez-Iratxeta C, Nakatani Y, Ranish JA, et al. Dual role for the methyltransferase G9a in the maintenance of beta-globin gene transcription in adult erythroid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:18303 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906769106; PMID: 19822740
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaturvedi C-P, Somasundaram B, Singh K, Carpenedo RL, Stanford WL, Dilworth FJ, et al. Maintenance of gene silencing by the coordinate action of the H3K9 methyltransferase G9a/KMT1C and the H3K4 demethylase Jarid1a/KDM5A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:18845 - 50; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1213951109; PMID: 23112189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee DY, Northrop JP, Kuo M-H, Stallcup MR. Histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferase G9a is a transcriptional coactivator for nuclear receptors. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:8476 - 85; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M511093200; PMID: 16461774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bittencourt D, Wu D-Y, Jeong KW, Gerke DS, Herviou L, Ianculescu I, et al. G9a functions as a molecular scaffold for assembly of transcriptional coactivators on a subset of Glucocorticoid Receptor target genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:19673 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1211803109; PMID: 23151507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purcell DJ, Khalid O, Ou C-Y, Little GH, Frenkel B, Baniwal SK, et al. Recruitment of coregulator G9a by Runx2 for selective enhancement or suppression of transcription. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2406 - 14; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.24114; PMID: 22389001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan X, Feng W, Imhof A, Grummt I, Zhou Y. Activation of RNA polymerase I transcription by cockayne syndrome group B protein and histone methyltransferase G9a. Mol Cell 2007; 27:585 - 95; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2007.06.021; PMID: 17707230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ling BMT, Gopinadhan S, Kok WK, Shankar SR, Gopal P, Bharathy N, et al. G9a mediates Sharp-1-dependent inhibition of skeletal muscle differentiation. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:4778 - 85; http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E12-04-0311; PMID: 23087213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tachibana M, Sugimoto K, Nozaki M, Ueda J, Ohta T, Ohki M, et al. G9a histone methyltransferase plays a dominant role in euchromatic histone H3 lysine 9 methylation and is essential for early embryogenesis. Genes Dev 2002; 16:1779 - 91; http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.989402; PMID: 12130538
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamizu K, Fujihara M, Tachibana M, Katayama S, Takahashi A, Hara E, et al. Protein kinase A determines timing of early differentiation through epigenetic regulation with G9a. Cell Stem Cell 2012; 10:759 - 70; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2012.02.022; PMID: 22704517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman N, Gerson A, Fang J, Li E, Zhang Y, Shinkai Y, et al. G9a-mediated irreversible epigenetic inactivation of Oct-3/4 during early embryogenesis. Nat Cell Biol 2006; 8:188 - 94; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncb1353; PMID: 16415856
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epsztejn-Litman S, Feldman N, Abu-Remaileh M, Shufaro Y, Gerson A, Ueda J, et al. De novo DNA methylation promoted by G9a prevents reprogramming of embryonically silenced genes. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2008; 15:1176 - 83; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.1476; PMID: 18953337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohhata T, Tachibana M, Tada M, Tada T, Sasaki H, Shinkai Y, et al. X-inactivation is stably maintained in mouse embryos deficient for histone methyl transferase G9a. Genesis 2004; 40:151 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gene.20077; PMID: 15493016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey RR, Mondal T, Mohammad F, Enroth S, Redrup L, Komorowski J, et al. Kcnq1ot1 antisense noncoding RNA mediates lineage-specific transcriptional silencing through chromatin-level regulation. Mol Cell 2008; 32:232 - 46; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2008.08.022; PMID: 18951091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagano T, Mitchell JA, Sanz LA, Pauler FM, Ferguson-Smith AC, Feil R, et al. The Air noncoding RNA epigenetically silences transcription by targeting G9a to chromatin. Science 2008; 322:1717 - 20; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1163802; PMID: 18988810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myant K, Termanis A, Sundaram AYM, Boe T, Li C, Merusi C, et al. LSH and G9a/GLP complex are required for developmentally programmed DNA methylation. Genome Res 2011; 21:83 - 94; http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.108498.110; PMID: 21149390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Skutt-Kakaria K, Davison J, Ou YL, Choi E, Malik P, et al. G9a/GLP-dependent histone H3K9me2 patterning during human hematopoietic stem cell lineage commitment. Genes Dev 2012; 26:2499 - 511; http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.200329.112; PMID: 23105005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Son H-J, Kim J-Y, Hahn Y, Seo S-B. Negative regulation of JAK2 by H3K9 methyltransferase G9a in leukemia. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:3681 - 94; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MCB.00673-12; PMID: 22801367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehnertz B, Northrop JP, Antignano F, Burrows K, Hadidi S, Mullaly SC, et al. Activating and inhibitory functions for the histone lysine methyltransferase G9a in T helper cell differentiation and function. J Exp Med 2010; 207:915 - 22; http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20100363; PMID: 20421388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bharathy N, Taneja R. Methylation muscles into transcription factor silencing. Transcr 2012; 3:215 - 20; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/trns.20914
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang J, Abate-Shen C. The MSX1 homeoprotein recruits G9a methyltransferase to repressed target genes in myoblast cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37647; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037647; PMID: 22629437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L, Xu S, Lee J-E, Baldridge A, Grullon S, Peng W, et al. Histone H3K9 methyltransferase G9a represses PPARy expression and adipogenesis. The EMBO Journal 2012; In press http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2012.306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roopra A, Qazi R, Schoenike B, Daley TJ, Morrison JF. Localized domains of G9a-mediated histone methylation are required for silencing of neuronal genes. Mol Cell 2004; 14:727 - 38; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2004.05.026; PMID: 15200951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaefer A, Sampath SC, Intrator A, Min A, Gertler TS, Surmeier DJ, et al. Control of cognition and adaptive behavior by the GLP/G9a epigenetic suppressor complex. Neuron 2009; 64:678 - 91; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2009.11.019; PMID: 20005824
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta-Agarwal S, Franklin AV, Deramus T, Wheelock M, Davis RL, McMahon LL, et al. G9a/GLP histone lysine dimethyltransferase complex activity in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex is required for gene activation and silencing during memory consolidation. J Neurosci 2012; 32:5440 - 53; http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0147-12.2012; PMID: 22514307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maze I, Covington HE 3rd, Dietz DM, LaPlant Q, Renthal W, Russo SJ, et al. Essential role of the histone methyltransferase G9a in cocaine-induced plasticity. Science 2010; 327:213 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1179438; PMID: 20056891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishio H, Walsh MJ. CCAAT displacement protein/cut homolog recruits G9a histone lysine methyltransferase to repress transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:11257 - 62; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0401343101; PMID: 15269344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan Z, Zarebski A, Montoya-Durango D, Grimes HL, Horwitz M. Gfi1 coordinates epigenetic repression of p21Cip/WAF1 by recruitment of histone lysine methyltransferase G9a and histone deacetylase 1. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:10338 - 51; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MCB.25.23.10338-10351.2005; PMID: 16287849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JK, Estève P-O, Jacobsen SE, Pradhan S. UHRF1 binds G9a and participates in p21 transcriptional regulation in mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:493 - 505; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn961; PMID: 19056828
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Q, Lu Z, Singh D, Raj JU. BIX-01294 treatment blocks cell proliferation, migration and contractility in ovine foetal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Cell Prolif 2012; 45:335 - 44; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00828.x; PMID: 22691107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imai K, Togami H, Okamoto T. Involvement of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferase G9a in the maintenance of HIV-1 latency and its reactivation by BIX01294. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:16538 - 45; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.103531; PMID: 20335163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi A, Imai Y, Yamakoshi K, Kuninaka S, Ohtani N, Yoshimoto S, et al. DNA damage signaling triggers degradation of histone methyltransferases through APC/C(Cdh1) in senescent cells. Mol Cell 2012; 45:123 - 31; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2011.10.018; PMID: 22178396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estève P-O, Chin HG, Smallwood A, Feehery GR, Gangisetty O, Karpf AR, et al. Direct interaction between DNMT1 and G9a coordinates DNA and histone methylation during replication. Genes Dev 2006; 20:3089 - 103; http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1463706; PMID: 17085482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokochi T, Poduch K, Ryba T, Lu J, Hiratani I, Tachibana M, et al. G9a selectively represses a class of late-replicating genes at the nuclear periphery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:19363 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906142106; PMID: 19889976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu Y, Song C, Zhang Q, DiMaggio PA, Garcia BA, York A, et al. Histone H3 lysine 56 methylation regulates DNA replication through its interaction with PCNA. Mol Cell 2012; 46:7 - 17; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2012.01.019; PMID: 22387026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho H-S, Kelly JD, Hayami S, Toyokawa G, Takawa M, Yoshimatsu M, et al. Enhanced expression of EHMT2 is involved in the proliferation of cancer cells through negative regulation of SIAH1. Neoplasia 2011; 13:676 - 84; PMID: 21847359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okabe H, Satoh S, Furukawa Y, Kato T, Hasegawa S, Nakajima Y, et al. Involvement of PEG10 in human hepatocellular carcinogenesis through interaction with SIAH1. Cancer Res 2003; 63:3043 - 8; PMID: 12810624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medhioub M, Vaury C, Hamelin R, Thomas G. Lack of somatic mutation in the coding sequence of SIAH1 in tumors hemizygous for this candidate tumor suppressor gene. Int J Cancer 2000; 87:794 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0215(20000915)87:6<794::AID-IJC5>3.0.CO;2-B; PMID: 10956387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondo Y, Shen L, Ahmed S, Boumber Y, Sekido Y, Haddad BR, et al. Downregulation of histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferase G9a induces centrosome disruption and chromosome instability in cancer cells. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2037; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002037; PMID: 18446223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen H, Yan Y, Davidson TL, Shinkai Y, Costa M. Hypoxic stress induces dimethylated histone H3 lysine 9 through histone methyltransferase G9a in mammalian cells. Cancer Res 2006; 66:9009 - 16; http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0101; PMID: 16982742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen M-W, Hua K-T, Kao H-J, Chi CC, Wei LH, Johansson G, et al. H3K9 histone methyltransferase G9a promotes lung cancer invasion and metastasis by silencing the cell adhesion molecule Ep-CAM. Cancer Res 2010; 70:7830 - 40; http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-0833; PMID: 20940408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong C, Wu Y, Yao J, Wang Y, Yu Y, Rychahou PG, et al. G9a interacts with Snail and is critical for Snail-mediated E-cadherin repression in human breast cancer. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:1469 - 86; http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI57349; PMID: 22406531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren J, Wen L, Gao X, Jin C, Xue Y, Yao X. DOG 1.0: illustrator of protein domain structures. Cell Res 2009; 19:271 - 3; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cr.2009.6; PMID: 19153597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar