Ischemia dysregulates DNA methyltransferases and p16INK4a methylation in human colorectal cancer cells

References

• Gronbaek K, Hother C, Jones PA. Epigenetic changes in cancer. APMIS 2007; 115:1039 - 1059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain PK. Epigenetics: the role of methylation in the mechanism of action of tumor suppressor genes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 983:71 - 83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodenhiser D, Mann M. Epigenetics and human disease: translating basic biology into clinical applications. CMAJ 2006; 174:341 - 348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellebrekers DMEI, Griffioen AW, van Engeland M. Dual targeting of epigenetic therapy in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 2007; 1775:76 - 91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird A. DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory. Genes Dev 2002; 16:6 - 21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turek-Plewa J, Jadodzinski PP. The role of mammalian DNA methyltransferases in the regulation of gene expression. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2005; 10:631 - 647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson KD. DNA methylation and chromatin—unravelling the tangled web. Oncogene 2002; 21:5361 - 5379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girault I, Tozlu S, Lidereau R, Bieche I. Expression analysis of DNA methyltransferases 1, 3A and 3B in sporadic breast carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9:4415 - 4422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun L, Hui AM, Kanai Y, Sakamoto M, Hirohashi S. Increased DNA methyltransferase expression is associated with an early stage of human hepatocarcinogenesis. Jpn J Cancer Res 1997; 88:1165 - 1170
   Google Scholar
• Kanai Y, Ushijima S, Kondo Y, Nakanishi Y, Hirohashi S. DNA methyltransferase expression and DNA methylation of CPG islands and peri centromeric satellite regions in human colorectal and stomach cancers. Int J Cancer 2001; 91:205 - 212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman JG, Baylin SB. Gene silencing in cancer in association with promoter hypermethylation. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:2042 - 2054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alessi P, Ebbinghaus C, Neri D. Molecular targeting of angiogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2004; 1654:39 - 49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkman J. Angiogenesis: an organizing principle for drug discovery?. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2007; 6:273 - 286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masuda H, Kawamura K, Tohda K, Shozawa T, Sageshima M, Kamiya A. Increase in endothelial cell density before artery enlargement in flow-loaded canine carotid artery. Arteriosclerosis 1989; 9:812 - 823
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carmeliet P, Jain RK. Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature 2000; 407:249 - 257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raghunand N, Gatenby RA, Gillies RJ. Microenvironmental and cellular consequences of altered blood flow in tumors. Br J Radiol 2003; 76:11 - 22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahrzad S, Bertrand K, Minhas K, Coomber BL. Induction of DNA hypomethylation by tumor hypoxia. Epigenetics 2007; 2:119 - 129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogelstein B, Lane D, Levine AJ. Surfing the p53 network. Nature 2000; 408:307 - 310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo A, Bazan V, Iacopetta B, Kerr D, Soussi T, Gebbia N. TP53-CRC Collaborative Study Group. The TP53 colorectal cancer international collaborative study on the prognostic and predictive significance of p53 mutation: influence of tumor site, type of mutation, and adjuvant treatment. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:7518 - 7528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson EJ, Bogler O, Taylor SM. p53-Mediated repression of DNA methyltransferase 1 expression by specific DNA binding. Cancer Res 2003; 63:6579 - 6582
   Google Scholar
• Park IY, Sohn BH, Choo JH, Joe CO, Seong JK, Lee YI, et al. Deregulation of DNA methyltransferases and loss of parental methylation at the insulin-like growth factor II (Igf2)/H19 loci in p53 knockout mice prior to tumor development. J Cell Biochem 2005; 94:585 - 596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abramoff MD, Magelhaes PJ, Ram SJ. Image Processing with ImageJ. Biophotonics International 2004; 11:36 - 42
   Google Scholar
• Mombaerts P, Iacomini J, Johnson RS, Herrup K, Tonegawa S, Papaioannou VE. RAG-1-deficient mice have no mature B and T lymphocytes. Cell 1992; 68:869 - 877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li LC, Dahiya R. MethPrimer: designing primers for methylation PCRs. Bioinformatics 2002; 18:1427 - 1431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Rohde C, Tierling S, Stamerjohanns H, Reinhardt R, Walter J, et al. DNA methylation analysis by bisulfite conversion, cloning and sequencing of individual clones. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 507:177 - 187
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bock C, Reither S, Mikeska T, Paulsen M, Walter J, Lengauer T. BiQ Analyzer: visualization and quality control for DNA methylation data from bisulfite sequencing. Bioinformatics 2005; 21:4067 - 4068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu J, Xue L, Weng M, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Wang W, et al. Sp1 is essential for p16 expression in human diploid fibroblasts during senescence. PLoS One 2007; 2:164
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baylin SB, Herman JG, Graff JR, Vertino PM, Issa JP. Alterations in DNA methylation: a fundamental aspect of neoplasia. Adv Cancer Res 1998; 72:141 - 196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigey P, Ramchandani S, Theberge J, Araujo FD, Szyf M. Transcriptional regulation of the human DNA Methyltransferase (dnmt1) gene. Gene 2000; 242:407 - 418
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kishikawa S, Murata T, Kimura H, Shiota K, Yokoyama KK. Regulation of transcription of the Dnmt1 gene by Sp1 and Sp3 zinc finger proteins. Eur J Biochem 2002; 269:2961 - 2970
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaluz S, Kaluzova M, Stanbridge EJ. Regulation of gene expression by hypoxia: integration of the HIF-transduced hypoxic signal at the hypoxia-responsive element. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 395:6 - 13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denko N, Wernke-Dollries K, Johnson AB, Hammond E, Chiang CM, Barton MC. Hypoxia actively represses transcription by inducing negative cofactor 2 (Dr1/DrAP1) and blocking preinitiation complex assembly. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:5744 - 5749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olive PL, Aquino-Parsons C, MacPhail SH, Liao SY, Raleigh JA, Lerman MI, et al. Carbonic anhydrase 9 as an endogenous marker for hypoxic cells in cervical cancer. Cancer Res 2001; 61:8924 - 8929
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goethals L, Debucquoy A, Perneel C, Geboes K, Ectors N, De Schutter H, et al. Hypoxia in human colorectal adenocarcinoma: comparison between extrinsic and potential intrinsic hypoxia markers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006; 65:246 - 254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo Z, Tsai MH, Shiao YH, Chen LH, Wei ML, Lv X, et al. DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 as a mediator of mutant p53-determined p16ink4A downregulation. J Biomed Sci 2008; 15:163 - 168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman JG, Merlo A, Mao L, Lapidus RG, Issa JP, Davidson NE, et al. Inactivation of the CDKN2/p16/MTS1 gene is frequently associated with aberrant DNA methylation in all common human cancers. Cancer Res 1995; 55:4525 - 4530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auerkari EI. Methylation of tumor suppressor genes p16(INK4a), p27(Kip1) and E-cadherin in carcinogenesis. Oral Oncol 2006; 42:5 - 13
   Google Scholar
• Myöhänen SK, Baylin SB, Herman JG. Hypermethylation can selectively silence individual p16ink4A alleles in neoplasia. Cancer Res 1998; 58:591 - 593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen H, Yan Y, Davidson TL, Shinkai Y, Costa M. Hypoxic stress induces dimethylated histone H3 lysine 9 through histone methyltransferase G9a in mammalian cells. Cancer Res 2006; 66:9009 - 9016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards RA, Witherspoon M, Wang K, Afrasiabi K, Pham T, Birnbaumer L, et al. Epigenetic repression of DNA mismatch repair by inflammation and hypoxia in inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2009; 69:6423 - 6429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahrzad S, Shirasawa S, Sasazuki T, Rak JW, Coomber BL. Low-dose metronomic cyclophosphamide treatment mediates ischemia-dependent K-ras mutation in colorectal carcinoma xenografts. Oncogene 2008; 27:3729 - 3738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Issa JP, Kantarjian HM. Targeting DNA methylation. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:3938 - 3946
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robert MF, Morin S, Beaulieu N, Gauthier F, Chute IC, Barsalou A, et al. Dnmt1 is required to maintain CpG methylation and aberrant gene silencing in human cancer cells. Nat Genet 2002; 33:61 - 65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui H, Onyango P, Brandenburg S, Wu Y, Hsieh CL, Feinberg AP. Loss of imprinting in colorectal cancer linked to hypomethylation of H19 and IGF2. Cancer Res 2002; 62:6442 - 6446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh CP, Chaillet JR, Bestor TH. Transcription of IAP endogenous retroviruses is constrained by cytosine methylation. Nat Genet 1998; 20:116 - 117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paschos N, Lykissas MG, Beris AE. The role of erythropoietin as an inhibitor of tissue ischemia. Int J Biol Sci 2008; 4:161 - 168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenger RH, Kvietikova I, Rolfs A, Camenisch G, Gassmann M. Oxygen-regulated erythropoietin gene expression is dependent on a CpG methylation-free hypoxia-inducible factor-1 DNA-binding site. Eur J Biochem 1998; 253:771 - 777
   PubMedGoogle Scholar