Rifaximin, gut microbes and mucosal inflammation: unraveling a complex relationship

References

• Talley NJ, Zinsmeister AR, Van Dyke C, Melton LJ 3rd. Epidemiology of colonic symptoms and the irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 1991; 101:927 - 34; PMID: 1889716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drossman DA, Li Z, Andruzzi E, Temple RD, Talley NJ, Thompson WG, Whitehead WE, Janssens J, Funch-Jensen P, Corazziari E, et al. U.S. householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Prevalence, sociodemography, and health impact. Dig Dis Sci 1993; 38:1569 - 80; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01303162; PMID: 8359066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saito YA, Locke GR, Talley NJ, Zinsmeister AR, Fett SL, Melton LJ 3rd. A comparison of the Rome and Manning criteria for case identification in epidemiological investigations of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95:2816 - 24; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.03192.x; PMID: 11051354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbara G, De Giorgio R, Stanghellini V, Cremon C, Corinaldesi R. A role for inflammation in irritable bowel syndrome?. Gut 2002; 51:Suppl 1 i41 - 4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.51.suppl_1.i41; PMID: 12077063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macdonald TT, Monteleone G. Immunity, inflammation, and allergy in the gut. Science 2005; 307:1920 - 5; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1106442; PMID: 15790845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chadwick VS, Chen W, Shu D, Paulus B, Bethwaite P, Tie A, Wilson I. Activation of the mucosal immune system in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2002; 122:1778 - 83; http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/gast.2002.33579; PMID: 12055584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiller RC. Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2003; 124:1662 - 71; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00324-X; PMID: 12761724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbara G, Stanghellini V, De Giorgio R, Corinaldesi R. Functional gastrointestinal disorders and mast cells: implications for therapy. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2006; 18:6 - 17; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.2005.00685.x; PMID: 16371078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gwee KA, Collins SM, Read NW, Rajnakova A, Deng Y, Graham JC, McKendrick MW, Moochhala SM. Increased rectal mucosal expression of interleukin 1beta in recently acquired post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 2003; 52:523 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.52.4.523; PMID: 12631663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinan TG, Quigley EM, Ahmed SM, Scully P, O’Brien S, O’Mahony L, O’Mahony S, Shanahan F, Keeling PW. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gut axis dysregulation in irritable bowel syndrome: plasma cytokines as a potential biomarker?. Gastroenterology 2006; 130:304 - 11; http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.033; PMID: 16472586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunlop SP, Hebden J, Campbell E, Naesdal J, Olbe L, Perkins AC, Spiller RC. Abnormal intestinal permeability in subgroups of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndromes. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101:1288 - 94; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00672.x; PMID: 16771951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Q, Zhang B, Verne GN. Intestinal membrane permeability and hypersensitivity in the irritable bowel syndrome. Pain 2009; 146:41 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2009.06.017; PMID: 19595511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji S, Park H, Lee D, Song YK, Choi JP, Lee SI. Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome in patients with Shigella infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 20:381 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.03574.x; PMID: 15740480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quigley EM. Bacterial flora in irritable bowel syndrome: role in pathophysiology, implications for management. J Dig Dis 2007; 8:2 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1443-9573.2007.00277.x; PMID: 17261128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posserud I, Stotzer PO, Björnsson ES, Abrahamsson H, Simrén M. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 2007; 56:802 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2006.108712; PMID: 17148502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassinen A, Krogius-Kurikka L, Mäkivuokko H, Rinttilä T, Paulin L, Corander J, Malinen E, Apajalahti J, Palva A. The fecal microbiota of irritable bowel syndrome patients differs significantly from that of healthy subjects. Gastroenterology 2007; 133:24 - 33; http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2007.04.005; PMID: 17631127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tana C, Umesaki Y, Imaoka A, Handa T, Kanazawa M, Fukudo S. Altered profiles of intestinal microbiota and organic acids may be the origin of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010; 22:512 - 9, e114-5; PMID: 19903265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajilić-Stojanović M, Biagi E, Heilig HG, Kajander K, Kekkonen RA, Tims S, de Vos WM. Global and deep molecular analysis of microbiota signatures in fecal samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:1792 - 801; http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2011.07.043; PMID: 21820992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeffery IB, O’Toole PW, Öhman L, Claesson MJ, Deane J, Quigley EM, Simrén M. An irritable bowel syndrome subtype defined by species-specific alterations in faecal microbiota. Gut 2012; 61:997 - 1006; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301501; PMID: 22180058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nobaek S, Johansson ML, Molin G, Ahrné S, Jeppsson B. Alteration of intestinal microflora is associated with reduction in abdominal bloating and pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95:1231 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.02015.x; PMID: 10811333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pimentel M, Chow EJ, Lin HC. Eradication of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95:3503 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.03368.x; PMID: 11151884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Mahony L, McCarthy J, Kelly P, Hurley G, Luo F, Chen K, O’Sullivan GC, Kiely B, Collins JK, Shanahan F, et al. Lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in irritable bowel syndrome: symptom responses and relationship to cytokine profiles. Gastroenterology 2005; 128:541 - 51; http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2004.11.050; PMID: 15765388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kajander K, Hatakka K, Poussa T, Färkkilä M, Korpela R. A probiotic mixture alleviates symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome patients: a controlled 6-month intervention. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 22:387 - 94; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02579.x; PMID: 16128676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moayyedi P, Ford AC, Talley NJ, Cremonini F, Foxx-Orenstein AE, Brandt LJ, Quigley EM. The efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review. Gut 2010; 59:325 - 32; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2008.167270; PMID: 19091823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ait-Belgnaoui A, Han W, Lamine F, Eutamene H, Fioramonti J, Bueno L, Theodorou V. Lactobacillus farciminis treatment suppresses stress induced visceral hypersensitivity: a possible action through interaction with epithelial cell cytoskeleton contraction. Gut 2006; 55:1090 - 4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2005.084194; PMID: 16507583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eutamene H, Lamine F, Chabo C, Theodorou V, Rochat F, Bergonzelli GE, Corthésy-Theulaz I, Fioramonti J, Bueno L. Synergy between Lactobacillus paracasei and its bacterial products to counteract stress-induced gut permeability and sensitivity increase in rats. J Nutr 2007; 137:1901 - 7; PMID: 17634262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang DB, DuPont HL. Rifaximin--a novel antimicrobial for enteric infections. J Infect 2005; 50:97 - 106; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2004.05.019; PMID: 15667909
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarpignato C, Pelosini I. Experimental and clinical pharmacology of rifaximin, a gastrointestinal selective antibiotic. Digestion 2006; 73:Suppl 1 13 - 27; http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000089776; PMID: 16498249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pimentel M, Lembo A, Chey WD, Zakko S, Ringel Y, Yu J, Mareya SM, Shaw AL, Bortey E, Forbes WP, TARGET Study Group. Rifaximin therapy for patients with irritable bowel syndrome without constipation. N Engl J Med 2011; 364:22 - 32; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1004409; PMID: 21208106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pimentel M, Park S, Mirocha J, Kane SV, Kong Y. The effect of a nonabsorbed oral antibiotic (rifaximin) on the symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2006; 145:557 - 63; http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-8-200610170-00004; PMID: 17043337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menees SB, Maneerattannaporn M, Kim HM, Chey WD. The efficacy and safety of rifaximin for the irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107:28 - 35, quiz 36; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2011.355; PMID: 22045120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett EJ, Tennant CC, Piesse C, Badcock CA, Kellow JE. Level of chronic life stress predicts clinical outcome in irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 1998; 43:256 - 61; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.43.2.256; PMID: 10189854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gwee KA, Leong YL, Graham C, McKendrick MW, Collins SM, Walters SJ, Underwood JE, Read NW. The role of psychological and biological factors in postinfective gut dysfunction. Gut 1999; 44:400 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.44.3.400; PMID: 10026328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guilarte M, Santos J, de Torres I, Alonso C, Vicario M, Ramos L, Martínez C, Casellas F, Saperas E, Malagelada JR. Diarrhoea-predominant IBS patients show mast cell activation and hyperplasia in the jejunum. Gut 2007; 56:203 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2006.100594; PMID: 17005763
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Mahony SM, Marchesi JR, Scully P, Codling C, Ceolho AM, Quigley EM, Cryan JF, Dinan TG. Early life stress alters behavior, immunity, and microbiota in rats: implications for irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric illnesses. Biol Psychiatry 2009; 65:263 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.06.026; PMID: 18723164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey MT, Dowd SE, Parry NM, Galley JD, Schauer DB, Lyte M. Stressor exposure disrupts commensal microbial populations in the intestines and leads to increased colonization by Citrobacter rodentium. Infect Immun 2010; 78:1509 - 19; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00862-09; PMID: 20145094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradesi S, Schwetz I, Ennes HS, Lamy CM, Ohning G, Fanselow M, Pothoulakis C, McRoberts JA, Mayer EA. Repeated exposure to water avoidance stress in rats: a new model for sustained visceral hyperalgesia. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2005; 289:G42 - 53; http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00500.2004; PMID: 15746211
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xu D, Gao J, Gillilland M 3rd, Wu X, Song I, Kao JY, Owyang C. Rifaximin alters intestinal bacteria and prevents stress-induced gut inflammation and visceral hyperalgesia in rats. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:484 - , e4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.026; PMID: 24161699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y, Zhang M, Chen CC, Gillilland M 3rd, Sun X, El-Zaatari M, Huffnagle GB, Young VB, Zhang J, Hong SC, et al. Stress-induced corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated NLRP6 inflammasome inhibition and transmissible enteritis in mice. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:1478 - 87, e1-8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2013.02.038; PMID: 23470617
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey MT, Dowd SE, Galley JD, Hufnagle AR, Allen RG, Lyte M. Exposure to a social stressor alters the structure of the intestinal microbiota: implications for stressor-induced immunomodulation. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:397 - 407; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2010.10.023; PMID: 21040780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins SM, Bercik P. The relationship between intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system in normal gastrointestinal function and disease. Gastroenterology 2009; 136:2003 - 14; http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2009.01.075; PMID: 19457424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brun P, Castagliuolo I, Di Leo V, Buda A, Pinzani M, Palù G, Martines D. Increased intestinal permeability in obese mice: new evidence in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 292:G518 - 25; http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00024.2006; PMID: 17023554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zareie M, Johnson-Henry K, Jury J, Yang PC, Ngan BY, McKay DM, Soderholm JD, Perdue MH, Sherman PM. Probiotics prevent bacterial translocation and improve intestinal barrier function in rats following chronic psychological stress. Gut 2006; 55:1553 - 60; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2005.080739; PMID: 16638791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borruel N, Carol M, Casellas F, Antolín M, de Lara F, Espín E, Naval J, Guarner F, Malagelada JR. Increased mucosal tumour necrosis factor alpha production in Crohn’s disease can be downregulated ex vivo by probiotic bacteria. Gut 2002; 51:659 - 64; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.51.5.659; PMID: 12377803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llopis M, Antolin M, Carol M, Borruel N, Casellas F, Martinez C, Espín-Basany E, Guarner F, Malagelada JR. Lactobacillus casei downregulates commensals’ inflammatory signals in Crohn’s disease mucosa. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009; 15:275 - 83; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ibd.20736; PMID: 18839424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas CM, Hong T, van Pijkeren JP, Hemarajata P, Trinh DV, Hu W, Britton RA, Kalkum M, Versalovic J. Histamine derived from probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri suppresses TNF via modulation of PKA and ERK signaling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31951; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031951; PMID: 22384111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivanov II, Atarashi K, Manel N, Brodie EL, Shima T, Karaoz U, Wei D, Goldfarb KC, Santee CA, Lynch SV, et al. Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria. Cell 2009; 139:485 - 98; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.033; PMID: 19836068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talham GL, Jiang HQ, Bos NA, Cebra JJ. Segmented filamentous bacteria are potent stimuli of a physiologically normal state of the murine gut mucosal immune system. Infect Immun 1999; 67:1992 - 2000; PMID: 10085047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ait-Belgnaoui A, Bradesi S, Fioramonti J, Theodorou V, Bueno L. Acute stress-induced hypersensitivity to colonic distension depends upon increase in paracellular permeability: role of myosin light chain kinase. Pain 2005; 113:141 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2004.10.002; PMID: 15621374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar