977
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Paper

Vaccination with synthetic constructs expressing cytomegalovirus immunogens is highly T cell immunogenic in mice

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 1668-1681 | Received 02 Oct 2012, Accepted 04 Oct 2012, Published online: 01 Nov 2012

References

  • Sung H, Schleiss MR. Update on the current status of cytomegalovirus vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:1303 - 14; http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/erv.10.125; PMID: 21087108
  • Atkinson C, Emery VC. Cytomegalovirus quantification: where to next in optimising patient management?. J Clin Virol 2011; 51:223 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2011.04.007; PMID: 21620764
  • Li S, Zhu J, Zhang W, Chen Y, Zhang K, Popescu LM, et al. Signature microRNA expression profile of essential hypertension and its novel link to human cytomegalovirus infection. Circulation 2011; 124:175 - 84; http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.012237; PMID: 21690488
  • Sandalova E, Laccabue D, Boni C, Tan AT, Fink K, Ooi EE, et al. Contribution of herpesvirus specific CD8 T cells to anti-viral T cell response in humans. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1001051; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001051; PMID: 20808900
  • Sylwester AW, Mitchell BL, Edgar JB, Taormina C, Pelte C, Ruchti F, et al. Broadly targeted human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells dominate the memory compartments of exposed subjects. J Exp Med 2005; 202:673 - 85; http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20050882; PMID: 16147978
  • Sinclair J, Sissons P. Latency and reactivation of human cytomegalovirus. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:1763 - 79; http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81891-0; PMID: 16760381
  • Revello MG, Gerna G. Diagnosis and management of human cytomegalovirus infection in the mother, fetus, and newborn infant. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15:680 - 715; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.15.4.680-715.2002; PMID: 12364375
  • McMichael G, Maclennan A, Gibson C, Alvino E, Goldwater P, Haan E, et al. Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus may be associated with some cases of cerebral palsy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012:Early Online: 1-4.
  • Baryawno N, Rahbar A, Wolmer-Solberg N, Taher C, Odeberg J, Darabi A, et al. Detection of human cytomegalovirus in medulloblastomas reveals a potential therapeutic target. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:4043 - 55; http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI57147; PMID: 21946257
  • Komanduri KV, Donahoe SM, Moretto WJ, Schmidt DK, Gillespie G, Ogg GS, et al. Direct measurement of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to CMV in HIV-1-infected subjects. Virology 2001; 279:459 - 70; http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.2000.0697; PMID: 11162802
  • Riddell SR. Pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. Semin Respir Infect 1995; 10:199 - 208; PMID: 8668847
  • Fishman JA, Rubin RH. Infection in organ-transplant recipients. N Engl J Med 1998; 338:1741 - 51; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199806113382407; PMID: 9624195
  • Wloch MK, Smith LR, Boutsaboualoy S, Reyes L, Han C, Kehler J, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a bivalent cytomegalovirus DNA vaccine in healthy adult subjects. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:1634 - 42; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/588385; PMID: 18444883
  • Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Boeckh M, Wilck MB, Langston AA, Chu AH, Wloch MK, et al. A novel therapeutic cytomegalovirus DNA vaccine in allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2012; 12:290 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70344-9; PMID: 22237175
  • Boeckh M, Ljungman P. How we treat cytomegalovirus in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Blood 2009; 113:5711 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-10-143560; PMID: 19299333
  • Drew WL. Is combination antiviral therapy for CMV superior to monotherapy?. J Clin Virol 2006; 35:485 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2005.09.021; PMID: 16387546
  • Limaye AP, Corey L, Koelle DM, Davis CL, Boeckh M. Emergence of ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus disease among recipients of solid-organ transplants. Lancet 2000; 356:645 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02607-6; PMID: 10968438
  • Söderberg-Nauclér C. HCMV microinfections in inflammatory diseases and cancer. J Clin Virol 2008; 41:218 - 23; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2007.11.009; PMID: 18164235
  • Harkins L, Volk AL, Samanta M, Mikolaenko I, Britt WJ, Bland KI, et al. Specific localisation of human cytomegalovirus nucleic acids and proteins in human colorectal cancer. Lancet 2002; 360:1557 - 63; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11524-8; PMID: 12443594
  • Zhou YF, Leon MB, Waclawiw MA, Popma JJ, Yu ZX, Finkel T, et al. Association between prior cytomegalovirus infection and the risk of restenosis after coronary atherectomy. N Engl J Med 1996; 335:624 - 30; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199608293350903; PMID: 8687516
  • Heidenreich PA, Trogdon JG, Khavjou OA, Butler J, Dracup K, Ezekowitz MD, et al, American Heart Association Advocacy Coordinating Committee, Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and Resuscitation, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research. Forecasting the future of cardiovascular disease in the United States: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2011; 123:933 - 44; http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e31820a55f5; PMID: 21262990
  • Schmidt GM, Horak DA, Niland JC, Duncan SR, Forman SJ, Zaia JA. A randomized, controlled trial of prophylactic ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus pulmonary infection in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants; The City of Hope-Stanford-Syntex CMV Study Group. N Engl J Med 1991; 324:1005 - 11; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199104113241501; PMID: 1848679
  • Nieto FJ, Adam E, Sorlie P, Farzadegan H, Melnick JL, Comstock GW, et al. Cohort study of cytomegalovirus infection as a risk factor for carotid intimal-medial thickening, a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis. Circulation 1996; 94:922 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.94.5.922; PMID: 8790026
  • Speir E, Modali R, Huang ES, Leon MB, Shawl F, Finkel T, et al. Potential role of human cytomegalovirus and p53 interaction in coronary restenosis. Science 1994; 265:391 - 4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8023160; PMID: 8023160
  • Streblow DN, Soderberg-Naucler C, Vieira J, Smith P, Wakabayashi E, Ruchti F, et al. The human cytomegalovirus chemokine receptor US28 mediates vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Cell 1999; 99:511 - 20; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81539-1; PMID: 10589679
  • Cobbs CS, Harkins L, Samanta M, Gillespie GY, Bharara S, King PH, et al. Human cytomegalovirus infection and expression in human malignant glioma. Cancer Res 2002; 62:3347 - 50; PMID: 12067971
  • Huang G, Yan Q, Wang Z, Chen X, Zhang X, Guo Y, et al. Human cytomegalovirus in neoplastic cells of Epstein-Barr virus negative Hodgkin’s disease. Int J Oncol 2002; 21:31 - 6; PMID: 12063546
  • Samanta M, Harkins L, Klemm K, Britt WJ, Cobbs CS. High prevalence of human cytomegalovirus in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostatic carcinoma. J Urol 2003; 170:998 - 1002; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000080263.46164.97; PMID: 12913758
  • Cobbs CS, Soroceanu L, Denham S, Zhang W, Britt WJ, Pieper R, et al. Human cytomegalovirus induces cellular tyrosine kinase signaling and promotes glioma cell invasiveness. J Neurooncol 2007; 85:271 - 80; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11060-007-9423-2; PMID: 17589804
  • Rahbar A, Boström L, Lagerstedt U, Magnusson I, Söderberg-Naucler C, Sundqvist VA. Evidence of active cytomegalovirus infection and increased production of IL-6 in tissue specimens obtained from patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2003; 9:154 - 61; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00054725-200305000-00002; PMID: 12792220
  • Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee to Study Priorities for Vaccine Development., Stratton KR, Durch J, Lawrence RS. Vaccines for the 21st century: a tool for decisionmaking. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2000.
  • Reske A, Pollara G, Krummenacher C, Chain BM, Katz DR. Understanding HSV-1 entry glycoproteins. Rev Med Virol 2007; 17:205 - 15; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmv.531; PMID: 17295428
  • Adler SP, Starr SE, Plotkin SA, Hempfling SH, Buis J, Manning ML, et al. Immunity induced by primary human cytomegalovirus infection protects against secondary infection among women of childbearing age. J Infect Dis 1995; 171:26 - 32; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/171.1.26; PMID: 7798679
  • Pass RF, Zhang C, Evans A, Simpson T, Andrews W, Huang ML, et al. Vaccine prevention of maternal cytomegalovirus infection. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:1191 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0804749; PMID: 19297572
  • Schleiss MR. Comparison of vaccine strategies against congenital CMV infection in the guinea pig model. J Clin Virol 2008; 41:224 - 30; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2007.10.008; PMID: 18060834
  • Schleiss MR, Lacayo JC, Belkaid Y, McGregor A, Stroup G, Rayner J, et al. Preconceptual administration of an alphavirus replicon UL83 (pp65 homolog) vaccine induces humoral and cellular immunity and improves pregnancy outcome in the guinea pig model of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. J Infect Dis 2007; 195:789 - 98; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/511982; PMID: 17299708
  • Wynn KK, Khanna R. Models of CMV infection. Drug Discov Today Dis Models 2006; 3:91 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ddmod.2006.03.011
  • Frey SE, Harrison C, Pass RF, Yang E, Boken D, Sekulovich RE, et al. Effects of antigen dose and immunization regimens on antibody responses to a cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B subunit vaccine. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:1700 - 3; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/315060; PMID: 10515836
  • Mitchell DK, Holmes SJ, Burke RL, Duliege AM, Adler SP. Immunogenicity of a recombinant human cytomegalovirus gB vaccine in seronegative toddlers. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002; 21:133 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-200202000-00009; PMID: 11840080
  • Pass RF, Duliegè AM, Boppana S, Sekulovich R, Percell S, Britt W, et al. A subunit cytomegalovirus vaccine based on recombinant envelope glycoprotein B and a new adjuvant. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:970 - 5; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/315022; PMID: 10479120
  • Costa C, Astegiano S, Terlizzi ME, Sidoti F, Curtoni A, Solidoro P, et al. Evaluation and significance of cytomegalovirus-specific cellular immune response in lung transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:1159 - 61; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.03.024; PMID: 21620077
  • Gamadia LE, Remmerswaal EB, Weel JF, Bemelman F, van Lier RA, Ten Berge IJ. Primary immune responses to human CMV: a critical role for IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells in protection against CMV disease. Blood 2003; 101:2686 - 92; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-08-2502; PMID: 12411292
  • Eid AJ, Razonable RR. New developments in the management of cytomegalovirus infection after solid organ transplantation. Drugs 2010; 70:965 - 81; http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/10898540-000000000-00000; PMID: 20481654
  • Razonable RR. Immune-based therapies for cytomegalovirus infection. Immunotherapy 2010; 2:117 - 30; http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/imt.09.82; PMID: 20635892
  • Komanduri KV, Viswanathan MN, Wieder ED, Schmidt DK, Bredt BM, Jacobson MA, et al. Restoration of cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ T-lymphocyte responses after ganciclovir and highly active antiretroviral therapy in individuals infected with HIV-1. Nat Med 1998; 4:953 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0898-953; PMID: 9701250
  • Wang D, Li F, Freed DC, Finnefrock AC, Tang A, Grimes SN, et al. Quantitative analysis of neutralizing antibody response to human cytomegalovirus in natural infection. Vaccine 2011; 29:9075 - 80; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.056; PMID: 21945962
  • Nigro G, Adler SP, La Torre R, Best AM, Congenital Cytomegalovirus Collaborating Group. Passive immunization during pregnancy for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:1350 - 62; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa043337; PMID: 16192480
  • Britt WJ, Boppana S. Human cytomegalovirus virion proteins. Hum Immunol 2004; 65:395 - 402; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2004.02.008; PMID: 15172437
  • Cunningham C, Gatherer D, Hilfrich B, Baluchova K, Dargan DJ, Thomson M, et al. Sequences of complete human cytomegalovirus genomes from infected cell cultures and clinical specimens. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:605 - 15; http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.015891-0; PMID: 19906940
  • Rasmussen L, Geissler A, Cowan C, Chase A, Winters M. The genes encoding the gCIII complex of human cytomegalovirus exist in highly diverse combinations in clinical isolates. J Virol 2002; 76:10841 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.76.21.10841-10848.2002; PMID: 12368327
  • Pignatelli S, Dal Monte P, Rossini G, Landini MP. Genetic polymorphisms among human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) wild-type strains. Rev Med Virol 2004; 14:383 - 410; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmv.438; PMID: 15386592
  • Campadelli-Fiume G, Amasio M, Avitabile E, Cerretani A, Forghieri C, Gianni T, et al. The multipartite system that mediates entry of herpes simplex virus into the cell. Rev Med Virol 2007; 17:313 - 26; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmv.546; PMID: 17573668
  • Britt WJ, Vugler LG. Processing of the gp55-116 envelope glycoprotein complex (gB) of human cytomegalovirus. J Virol 1989; 63:403 - 10; PMID: 2535741
  • Navarro D, Lennette E, Tugizov S, Pereira L. Humoral immune response to functional regions of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B. J Med Virol 1997; 52:451 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199708)52:4<451::AID-JMV18>3.0.CO;2-J; PMID: 9260696
  • Tugizov S, Wang Y, Qadri I, Navarro D, Maidji E, Pereira L. Mutated forms of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B are impaired in inducing syncytium formation. Virology 1995; 209:580 - 91; http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1995.1290; PMID: 7778290
  • Cui X, Meza BP, Adler SP, McVoy MA. Cytomegalovirus vaccines fail to induce epithelial entry neutralizing antibodies comparable to natural infection. Vaccine 2008; 26:5760 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.092; PMID: 18718497
  • Shimamura M, Mach M, Britt WJ. Human cytomegalovirus infection elicits a glycoprotein M (gM)/gN-specific virus-neutralizing antibody response. J Virol 2006; 80:4591 - 600; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.80.9.4591-4600.2006; PMID: 16611919
  • Genini E, Percivalle E, Sarasini A, Revello MG, Baldanti F, Gerna G. Serum antibody response to the gH/gL/pUL128-131 five-protein complex of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in primary and reactivated HCMV infections. J Clin Virol 2011; 52:113 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2011.06.018; PMID: 21820353
  • Fouts AE, Chan P, Stephan JP, Vandlen R, Feierbach B. Antibodies against the gH/gL/UL128/UL130/UL131 complex comprise the majority of the anti-cytomegalovirus (anti-CMV) neutralizing antibody response in CMV hyperimmune globulin. J Virol 2012; 86:7444 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00467-12; PMID: 22532696
  • Hobom U, Brune W, Messerle M, Hahn G, Koszinowski UH. Fast screening procedures for random transposon libraries of cloned herpesvirus genomes: mutational analysis of human cytomegalovirus envelope glycoprotein genes. J Virol 2000; 74:7720 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.74.17.7720-7729.2000; PMID: 10933677
  • Cha TA, Tom E, Kemble GW, Duke GM, Mocarski ES, Spaete RR. Human cytomegalovirus clinical isolates carry at least 19 genes not found in laboratory strains. J Virol 1996; 70:78 - 83; PMID: 8523595
  • Murphy E, Yu D, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Dickson M, Jarvis MA, et al. Coding potential of laboratory and clinical strains of human cytomegalovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100:14976 - 81; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2136652100; PMID: 14657367
  • Laddy DJ, Yan J, Kutzler M, Kobasa D, Kobinger GP, Khan AS, et al. Heterosubtypic protection against pathogenic human and avian influenza viruses via in vivo electroporation of synthetic consensus DNA antigens. PLoS ONE 2008; 3:e2517; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002517; PMID: 18575608
  • Yan J, Yoon H, Kumar S, Ramanathan MP, Corbitt N, Kutzler M, et al. Enhanced cellular immune responses elicited by an engineered HIV-1 subtype B consensus-based envelope DNA vaccine. Mol Ther 2007; 15:411 - 21; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.mt.6300036; PMID: 17235321
  • Chou SW, Dennison KM. Analysis of interstrain variation in cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B sequences encoding neutralization-related epitopes. J Infect Dis 1991; 163:1229 - 34; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/163.6.1229; PMID: 1709960
  • Haberland M, Meyer-König U, Hufert FT. Variation within the glycoprotein B gene of human cytomegalovirus is due to homologous recombination. J Gen Virol 1999; 80:1495 - 500; PMID: 10374968
  • Rasmussen L, Hong C, Zipeto D, Morris S, Sherman D, Chou S, et al. Cytomegalovirus gB genotype distribution differs in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients and immunocompromised allograft recipients. J Infect Dis 1997; 175:179 - 84; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/175.1.179; PMID: 8985216
  • Shepp DH, Match ME, Lipson SM, Pergolizzi RG. A fifth human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B genotype. Res Virol 1998; 149:109 - 14; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0923-2516(98)80086-1; PMID: 9602505
  • Wu X, Wang Y, Xu Y, Wu D, Sun A, Zhu Z, et al. Cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B genotype in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients from China. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010; 16:647 - 52; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.12.001; PMID: 20025986
  • Bergallo M, Costa C, Gambarino S, Tornicelli A, Astegiano S, Terlizzi ME, et al. Human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B genotyping from bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Can J Microbiol 2011; 57:273 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w11-014; PMID: 21491978
  • Görzer I, Kerschner H, Jaksch P, Bauer C, Seebacher G, Klepetko W, et al. Virus load dynamics of individual CMV-genotypes in lung transplant recipients with mixed-genotype infections. J Med Virol 2008; 80:1405 - 14; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.21225; PMID: 18551598
  • Kashiwagi Y, Kawashima H, Matsuura K, Sasamoto M, Takekuma K, Hoshika A, et al. Clinical characteristics and gB genotype of cytomegalovirus infection in Japan. In Vivo 2002; 16:447 - 50; PMID: 12494888
  • Jung GS, Kim YY, Kim JI, Ji GY, Jeon JS, Yoon HW, et al. Full genome sequencing and analysis of human cytomegalovirus strain JHC isolated from a Korean patient. Virus Res 2011; 156:113 - 20; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2011.01.005; PMID: 21255625
  • Simpson JA, Chow JC, Baker J, Avdalovic N, Yuan S, Au D, et al. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that distinguish three antigenic sites on human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein H have conformationally distinct binding sites. J Virol 1993; 67:489 - 96; PMID: 7677958
  • Pignatelli S, Dal Monte P, Rossini G, Lazzarotto T, Gatto MR, Landini MP. Intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection and glycoprotein N (gN) genotypes. J Clin Virol 2003; 28:38 - 43; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1386-6532(02)00236-6; PMID: 12927749
  • Huber MT, Compton T. Characterization of a novel third member of the human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein H-glycoprotein L complex. J Virol 1997; 71:5391 - 8; PMID: 9188610
  • Li L, Nelson JA, Britt WJ. Glycoprotein H-related complexes of human cytomegalovirus: identification of a third protein in the gCIII complex. J Virol 1997; 71:3090 - 7; PMID: 9060671
  • Ryckman BJ, Rainish BL, Chase MC, Borton JA, Nelson JA, Jarvis MA, et al. Characterization of the human cytomegalovirus gH/gL/UL128-131 complex that mediates entry into epithelial and endothelial cells. J Virol 2008; 82:60 - 70; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01910-07; PMID: 17942555
  • Wang D, Shenk T. Human cytomegalovirus virion protein complex required for epithelial and endothelial cell tropism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102:18153 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509201102; PMID: 16319222
  • Macagno A, Bernasconi NL, Vanzetta F, Dander E, Sarasini A, Revello MG, et al. Isolation of human monoclonal antibodies that potently neutralize human cytomegalovirus infection by targeting different epitopes on the gH/gL/UL128-131A complex. J Virol 2010; 84:1005 - 13; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01809-09; PMID: 19889756
  • Hahn G, Revello MG, Patrone M, Percivalle E, Campanini G, Sarasini A, et al. Human cytomegalovirus UL131-128 genes are indispensable for virus growth in endothelial cells and virus transfer to leukocytes. J Virol 2004; 78:10023 - 33; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.78.18.10023-10033.2004; PMID: 15331735
  • McLaughlin-Taylor E, Pande H, Forman SJ, Tanamachi B, Li CR, Zaia JA, et al. Identification of the major late human cytomegalovirus matrix protein pp65 as a target antigen for CD8+ virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Med Virol 1994; 43:103 - 10; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.1890430119; PMID: 8083644
  • Wills MR, Carmichael AJ, Mynard K, Jin X, Weekes MP, Plachter B, et al. The human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to cytomegalovirus is dominated by structural protein pp65: frequency, specificity, and T-cell receptor usage of pp65-specific CTL. J Virol 1996; 70:7569 - 79; PMID: 8892876
  • Ruckwardt TJ, Luongo C, Malloy AM, Liu J, Chen M, Collins PL, et al. Responses against a subdominant CD8+ T cell epitope protect against immunopathology caused by a dominant epitope. J Immunol 2010; 185:4673 - 80; http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1001606; PMID: 20833834
  • van der Most RG, Concepcion RJ, Oseroff C, Alexander J, Southwood S, Sidney J, et al. Uncovering subdominant cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-infected BALB/c mice. J Virol 1997; 71:5110 - 4; PMID: 9188577
  • Ebert S, Lemmermann NA, Thomas D, Renzaho A, Reddehase MJ, Holtappels R. Immune control in the absence of immunodominant epitopes: implications for immunotherapy of cytomegalovirus infection with antiviral CD8 T cells. Med Microbiol Immunol 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00430-012-0268-8; PMID: 22976556
  • Kutzler MA, Weiner DB. DNA vaccines: ready for prime time?. Nat Rev Genet 2008; 9:776 - 88; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg2432; PMID: 18781156
  • Kublin J. Welcome to the HVTNews. HVTNEWS: HIV Vaccine Trials Network, 2011:1.
  • Yan H, Koyano S, Inami Y, Yamamoto Y, Suzutani T, Mizuguchi M, et al. Genetic variations in the gB, UL144 and UL149 genes of human cytomegalovirus strains collected from congenitally and postnatally infected Japanese children. Arch Virol 2008; 153:667 - 74; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-008-0044-7; PMID: 18273679
  • Kee ST, Gehl J. W. LE. Clinical Aspects of Electroporation. Springer, New York, NY, 2011.
  • Selinsky C, Luke C, Wloch M, Geall A, Hermanson G, Kaslow D, et al. A DNA-based vaccine for the prevention of human cytomegalovirus-associated diseases. Hum Vaccin 2005; 1:16 - 23; PMID: 17038834
  • Khan AS, Pope MA, Draghia-Akli R. Highly efficient constant-current electroporation increases in vivo plasmid expression. DNA Cell Biol 2005; 24:810 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dna.2005.24.810; PMID: 16332178
  • Shedlock DJ, Talbott KT, Cress C, Ferraro B, Tuyishme S, Mallilankaraman K, et al. A highly optimized DNA vaccine confers complete protective immunity against high-dose lethal lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus challenge. Vaccine 2011; 29:6755 - 62; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.064; PMID: 21238574
  • Kuzushima K, Hayashi N, Kimura H, Tsurumi T. Efficient identification of HLA-A*2402-restricted cytomegalovirus-specific CD8(+) T-cell epitopes by a computer algorithm and an enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Blood 2001; 98:1872 - 81; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.V98.6.1872; PMID: 11535524
  • Liu YN, Curtsinger J, Donahue PR, Klaus A, Optiz G, Cooper J, et al. Molecular analysis of the immune response to human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B. I. Mapping of HLA-restricted helper T cell epitopes on gp93. J Gen Virol 1993; 74:2207 - 14; http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-74-10-2207; PMID: 7691989
  • Nastke MD, Herrgen L, Walter S, Wernet D, Rammensee HG, Stevanović S. Major contribution of codominant CD8 and CD4 T cell epitopes to the human cytomegalovirus-specific T cell repertoire. Cell Mol Life Sci 2005; 62:77 - 86; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-004-4363-x; PMID: 15619009
  • Lim JB, Provenzano M, Kwon OH, Bettinotti M, Caruccio L, Nagorsen D, et al. Identification of HLA-A33-restricted CMV pp65 epitopes as common targets for CD8(+) CMV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Exp Hematol 2006; 34:296 - 307; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exphem.2005.12.006; PMID: 16543064
  • Beninga J, Kalbacher H, Mach M. Analysis of T helper cell response to glycoprotein H (gpUL75) of human cytomegalovirus: evidence for strain-specific T cell determinants. J Infect Dis 1996; 173:1051 - 61; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/173.5.1051; PMID: 8627054
  • Elkington R, Walker S, Crough T, Menzies M, Tellam J, Bharadwaj M, et al. Ex vivo profiling of CD8+-T-cell responses to human cytomegalovirus reveals broad and multispecific reactivities in healthy virus carriers. J Virol 2003; 77:5226 - 40; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.77.9.5226-5240.2003; PMID: 12692225

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.