Are cases of mumps in vaccinated patients attributable to mismatches in both vaccine T-cell and B-cell epitopes?

References

• Dayan GH, Rubin S. Mumps outbreaks in vaccinated populations: are available mumps vaccines effective enough to prevent outbreaks?. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47:1458 - 67; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/591196; PMID: 18959494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortese MM, Barskey AE, Tegtmeier GE, Zhang C, Ngo L, Kyaw MH, Baughman AL, Menitove JE, Hickman CJ, Bellini WJ, et al. Mumps antibody levels among students before a mumps outbreak: in search of a correlate of immunity. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:1413 - 22; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jir526; PMID: 21933874
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barskey AE, Glasser JW, LeBaron CW. Mumps resurgences in the United States: A historical perspective on unexpected elements. Vaccine 2009; 27:6186 - 95; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.06.109; PMID: 19815120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaaijk P, van der Zeijst B, Boog M, Hoitink C. Increased mumps incidence in the Netherlands: review on the possible role of vaccine strain and genotype. Euro Surveill 2008; 13:18914; PMID: 18761918
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eriksen J, Davidkin I, Kafatos G, Andrews N, Barbara C, Cohen D, Duks A, Griskevicius A, Johansen K, Bartha K, et al. Seroepidemiology of mumps in Europe (1996-2008): why do outbreaks occur in highly vaccinated populations?. Epidemiol Infect 2012; Forthcoming 1 - 16; PMID: 22687578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen C, White JM, Savage EJ, Glynn JR, Choi Y, Andrews N, Brown D, Ramsay ME. Vaccine effectiveness estimates, 2004-2005 mumps outbreak, England. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13:12 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1301.060649; PMID: 17370510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barskey AE, Schulte C, Rosen JB, Handschur EF, Rausch-Phung E, Doll MK, Cummings KP, Alleyne EO, High P, Lawler J, et al. Mumps outbreak in Orthodox Jewish communities in the United States. N Engl J Med 2012; 367:1704 - 13; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1202865; PMID: 23113481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson GE, Aguon A, Valencia E, Oliva R, Guerrero ML, Reyes R, Lizama A, Diras D, Mathew A, Camacho EJ, et al. Epidemiology of a mumps outbreak in a highly vaccinated island population and use of a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine for outbreak control--Guam 2009 to 2010. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32:374 - 80; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e318279f593; PMID: 23099425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mumps outbreak on a university campus--California, 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012; 61:986 - 9; PMID: 23222373
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• World Health Organization. Mumps virus vaccines. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2007; 82:51 - 60; PMID: 17304707
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Afzal MA, Pickford AR, Forsey T, Heath AB, Minor PD. The Jeryl Lynn vaccine strain of mumps virus is a mixture of two distinct isolates. J Gen Virol 1993; 74:917 - 20; http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-74-5-917; PMID: 8492099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Mumps virus nomenclature update. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2012; 87:217 - 24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peltola H, Kulkarni PS, Kapre SV, Paunio M, Jadhav SS, Dhere RM. Mumps outbreaks in Canada and the United States: time for new thinking on mumps vaccines. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:459 - 66; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/520028; PMID: 17638194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plotkin SA. Commentary: Mumps vaccines: do we need a new one?. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32:381 - 2; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e3182809dda; PMID: 23552675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin L, Rima B, Brown D, Orvell C, Tecle T, Afzal M, Uchida K, Nakayama T, Song JW, Kang C, et al. Proposal for genetic characterisation of wild-type mumps strains: preliminary standardisation of the nomenclature. Arch Virol 2005; 150:1903 - 9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-005-0563-4; PMID: 15959834
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni-Kale U, Ojha J, Manjari GS, Deobagkar DD, Mallya AD, Dhere RM, Kapre SV. Mapping antigenic diversity and strain specificity of mumps virus: a bioinformatics approach. Virology 2007; 359:436 - 46; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2006.09.040; PMID: 17081582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kövamees J, Rydbeck R, Orvell C, Norrby E. Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) amino acid alterations in neutralization escape mutants of Kilham mumps virus. Virus Res 1990; 17:119 - 29; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1702(90)90073-K; PMID: 1705373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orvell C. The reactions of monoclonal antibodies with structural proteins of mumps virus. J Immunol 1984; 132:2622 - 9; PMID: 6201553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cusi MG, Fischer S, Sedlmeier R, Valassina M, Valensin PE, Donati M, Neubert WJ. Localization of a new neutralizing epitope on the mumps virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein. Virus Res 2001; 74:133 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1702(00)00254-9; PMID: 11226581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin S, Mauldin J, Chumakov K, Vanderzanden J, Iskow R, Carbone K. Serological and phylogenetic evidence of monotypic immune responses to different mumps virus strains. Vaccine 2006; 24:2662 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.10.050; PMID: 16309801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin SA, Qi L, Audet SA, Sullivan B, Carbone KM, Bellini WJ, Rota PA, Sirota L, Beeler J. Antibody induced by immunization with the Jeryl Lynn mumps vaccine strain effectively neutralizes a heterologous wild-type mumps virus associated with a large outbreak. J Infect Dis 2008; 198:508 - 15; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/590115; PMID: 18558869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin SA, Link MA, Sauder CJ, Zhang C, Ngo L, Rima BK, Duprex WP. Recent mumps outbreaks in vaccinated populations: no evidence of immune escape. J Virol 2012; 86:615 - 20; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.06125-11; PMID: 22072778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Šantak M, Lang-Balija M, Ivancic-Jelecki J, Košutić-Gulija T, Ljubin-Sternak S, Forcic D. Antigenic differences between vaccine and circulating wild-type mumps viruses decreases neutralization capacity of vaccine-induced antibodies. Epidemiol Infect 2013; 141:1298 - 309; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268812001896; PMID: 22954346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidkin I, Jokinen S, Broman M, Leinikki P, Peltola H. Persistence of measles, mumps, and rubella antibodies in an MMR-vaccinated cohort: a 20-year follow-up. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:950 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/528993; PMID: 18419470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeBaron CW, Forghani B, Matter L, Reef SE, Beck C, Bi D, Cossen C, Sullivan BJ. Persistence of rubella antibodies after 2 doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. J Infect Dis 2009; 200:888 - 99; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/605410; PMID: 19659440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latner DR, McGrew M, Williams N, Lowe L, Werman R, Warnock E, Gallagher K, Doyle P, Smole S, Lett S, et al. Enzyme-linked immunospot assay detection of mumps-specific antibody-secreting B cells as an alternative method of laboratory diagnosis. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2011; 18:35 - 42; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00284-10; PMID: 21047998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Date AA, Kyaw MH, Rue AM, Klahn J, Obrecht L, Krohn T, Rowland J, Rubin S, Safranek TJ, Bellini WJ, et al. Long-term persistence of mumps antibody after receipt of 2 measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccinations and antibody response after a third MMR vaccination among a university population. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:1662 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/588197; PMID: 18419346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jokinen S, Osterlund P, Julkunen I, Davidkin I. Cellular immunity to mumps virus in young adults 21 years after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination. J Infect Dis 2007; 196:861 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/521029; PMID: 17703416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanna-Wakim R, Yasukawa LL, Sung P, Arvin AM, Gans HA. Immune responses to mumps vaccine in adults who were vaccinated in childhood. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:1669 - 75; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/588195; PMID: 18419345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moss CX, Tree TI, Watts C. Reconstruction of a pathway of antigen processing and class II MHC peptide capture. EMBO J 2007; 26:2137 - 47; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7601660; PMID: 17396153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapiro J, Claverol S, Piette F, Ma W, Stroobant V, Guillaume B, Gairin JE, Morel S, Burlet-Schiltz O, Monsarrat B, et al. Destructive cleavage of antigenic peptides either by the immunoproteasome or by the standard proteasome results in differential antigen presentation. J Immunol 2006; 176:1053 - 61; PMID: 16393993
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard N, Shastri N. Coping with loss of perfection in the MHC class I peptide repertoire. Curr Opin Immunol 2008; 20:82 - 8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2007.12.004; PMID: 18243675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sijts EJ, Kloetzel PM. The role of the proteasome in the generation of MHC class I ligands and immune responses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:1491 - 502; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0657-y; PMID: 21387144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremel RD, Homan EJ. Recognition of higher order patterns in proteins: immunologic kernels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70115; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070115; PMID: 23922927
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bremel RD, Homan EJ. An integrated approach to epitope analysis II: A system for proteomic-scale prediction of immunological characteristics. Immunome Res 2010; 6:8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-7580-6-8; PMID: 21044290
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Homan EJ, Bremel RD. Patterns of predicted T-cell epitopes associated with antigenic drift in influenza H3N2 hemagglutinin. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26711; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026711; PMID: 22039539
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Biniossek ML, Nägler DK, Becker-Pauly C, Schilling O. Proteomic identification of protease cleavage sites characterizes prime and non-prime specificity of cysteine cathepsins B, L, and S. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:5363 - 73; http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr200621z; PMID: 21967108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yates PJ, Afzal MA, Minor PD. Antigenic and genetic variation of the HN protein of mumps virus strains. J Gen Virol 1996; 77:2491 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-77-10-2491; PMID: 8887482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang M, Gaschen B, Blay W, Foley B, Haigwood N, Kuiken C, Korber B. Tracking global patterns of N-linked glycosylation site variation in highly variable viral glycoproteins: HIV, SIV, and HCV envelopes and influenza hemagglutinin. Glycobiology 2004; 14:1229 - 46; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cwh106; PMID: 15175256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szabó TG, Palotai R, Antal P, Tokatly I, Tóthfalusi L, Lund O, Nagy G, Falus A, Buzás EI. Critical role of glycosylation in determining the length and structure of T cell epitopes. Immunome Res 2009; 5:4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-7580-5-4; PMID: 19778434
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Delamarre L, Pack M, Chang H, Mellman I, Trombetta ES. Differential lysosomal proteolysis in antigen-presenting cells determines antigen fate. Science 2005; 307:1630 - 4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1108003; PMID: 15761154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beers C, Honey K, Fink S, Forbush K, Rudensky A. Differential regulation of cathepsin S and cathepsin L in interferon gamma-treated macrophages. J Exp Med 2003; 197:169 - 79; http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20020978; PMID: 12538657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aiba Y, Kometani K, Hamadate M, Moriyama S, Sakaue-Sawano A, Tomura M, Luche H, Fehling HJ, Casellas R, Kanagawa O, et al. Preferential localization of IgG memory B cells adjacent to contracted germinal centers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:12192 - 7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1005443107; PMID: 20547847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sette A, Moutaftsi M, Moyron-Quiroz J, McCausland MM, Davies DH, Johnston RJ, Peters B, Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia M, Hoffmann J, Su HP, et al. Selective CD4+ T cell help for antibody responses to a large viral pathogen: deterministic linkage of specificities. Immunity 2008; 28:847 - 58; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2008.04.018; PMID: 18549802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanchot C, Rocha B. CD8 and B cell memory: same strategy, same signals. Nat Immunol 2003; 4:431 - 2; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni0503-431; PMID: 12719734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssen EM, Lemmens EE, Wolfe T, Christen U, von Herrath MG, Schoenberger SP. CD4+ T cells are required for secondary expansion and memory in CD8+ T lymphocytes. Nature 2003; 421:852 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01441; PMID: 12594515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amanna IJ, Slifka MK. Quantitation of rare memory B cell populations by two independent and complementary approaches. J Immunol Methods 2006; 317:175 - 85; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2006.09.005; PMID: 17055526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebeis BJ, Klenovsek K, Rohwer P, Ritter U, Schneider A, Mach M, Winkler TH. Activation of virus-specific memory B cells in the absence of T cell help. J Exp Med 2004; 199:593 - 602; http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20030091; PMID: 14769849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHeyzer-Williams M, Okitsu S, Wang N, McHeyzer-Williams L. Molecular programming of B cell memory. Nat Rev Immunol 2012; 12:24 - 34; PMID: 22158414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivancic-Jelecki J, Santak M, Forcic D. Variability of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and nucleocapsid protein of vaccine and wild-type mumps virus strains. Infect Genet Evol 2008; 8:603 - 13; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2008.04.007; PMID: 18508415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen JE, Lund O, Nielsen M. Improved method for predicting linear B-cell epitopes. Immunome Res 2006; 2:2; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-7580-2-2; PMID: 16635264
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wold S, Sjorstrom M, Eriksson L. PLS-regression: a basic tool of chemometrics. Chemom Intell Lab Syst 2001; 58:109 - 30; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7439(01)00155-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenbaum J, Sidney J, Chung J, Brander C, Peters B, Sette A. Functional classification of class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules reveals seven different supertypes and a surprising degree of repertoire sharing across supertypes. Immunogenetics 2011; 63:325 - 35; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-011-0513-0; PMID: 21305276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breiman L. Bagging predictors. Mach Learn 1996; 24:123 - 40; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058655
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen M, Lundegaard C, Blicher T, Peters B, Sette A, Justesen S, Buus S, Lund O. Quantitative predictions of peptide binding to any HLA-DR molecule of known sequence: NetMHCIIpan. PLoS Comput Biol 2008; 4:e1000107; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000107; PMID: 18604266
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson NL. Systems of frequency curves generated by methods of translation. Biometrika 1949; 36:149 - 76; PMID: 18132090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tholen S, Biniossek ML, Gessler AL, Müller S, Weisser J, Kizhakkedathu JN, Reinheckel T, Schilling O. Contribution of cathepsin L to secretome composition and cleavage pattern of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Biol Chem 2011; 392:961 - 71; http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/BC.2011.162; PMID: 21972973
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward JH. Hierarchical Grouping to Optimize an Objective Function. J Am Stat Assoc 1963; 48:236 - 44; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1963.10500845
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar