Estimating Evaporation in a Prairie Landscape under Drought Conditions

References

• Armstrong , R. N. , Pomeroy , J. W. and Martz , L. W. 2008 . Evaluation of three evaporation estimation methods in a Canadian Prairie landscape. . Hydrological Processes , 22 : 2801 – 2815 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayers , H. D. 1959 . “ Influence of soil profile and vegetation characteristics on net rainfall supply to runoff ” . In Proceedings of Hydrology Symposium No. 1: Spillway Design Floods. NRCC, Ottawa 198 – 205 .
   Google Scholar
• Baldocchi , D. , Falge , E. , Gu , L. , Olson , R. , Hollinger , D. , Running , S. , Anthoni , P. , Bernhofer , C. , Davis , K. , Evans , R. , Fuentes , J. , Goldstein , A. , Katul , G. , Law , B. , Lee , X. , Malhi , Y. , Meyers , T. , Munger , W. , Oechel , W. , Paw , U. K. T. , Pilegaard , K. , Schmid , H. P. , Valentini , R. , Verma , S. , Vesala , T. , Wilson , K. and Wofsy , S. 2001 . FLUXNET: A new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy flux densities. . Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 82 : 2415 – 2433 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• England , C. B. 1975 . Root depth as a sensitive parameter in a deterministic hydrologic model. . Water Resources Bulletin , 11 : 1046 – 1051 .
   Google Scholar
• Flanagan , L. B. , Wever , L. A. and Carson , P. J. 2002 . Seasonal and interannual variation in carbon dioxide exchange and carbon balance in a northern temperate grassland. . Global Change Biology , 8 : 599 – 615 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flanagan , L. B. and Johnson , B. G. 2005 . Interacting effects of temperature, soil moisture and plant biomass production on ecosystem respiration in a northern temperate grassland. . Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , 130 : 237 – 253 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gowda , P. H. , Chavez , J. L. , Colaizzi , P. D. , Evett , S. R. , Howell , T. A. and Tolk , J. A. 2008 . ET mapping for agricultural water management: Present status and challenges. . Irrigation Science , 26 : 223 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granger , R. J. 1989a . An examination of the concept of potential evaporation. . Journal of Hydrology , 111 : 9 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granger , R. J. 1989b . A complementary relationship approach for evaporation from non-saturated surfaces. . Journal of Hydrology , 111 : 31 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granger , R. J. and Gray , D. M. 1989 . Evaporation from natural non-saturated surfaces. . Journal of Hydrology , 111 : 21 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granger , R. J. and Pomeroy , J. W. 1997 . “ Sustainability of the western Canadian boreal forest under changing hydrological conditions - 2 - summer energy and water use ” . In Sustainability of water resources under increasing uncertainty. IAHS Publ No. 240 Edited by: Rosjberg , D. , Boutayeb , N. , Gustard , A. , Kundzewicz , Z. and Rasmussen , P. 243 – 250 . Wallingford , , UK : IAHS Press .
   Google Scholar
• Green , W. H. and Ampt , G. 1911 . Studies of soil physics, part I - The flow of air and water through soils. . Journal of Agricultural Science , 4 : 1 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs , J. M. , Mergelsberg , S. L. , Lopera , A. F. and Myers , D. A. 2002 . Evapotranspiration from a wet prairie wetland under drought conditions: Paynes Prairie Preserve, Florida, USA. . Wetlands , 22 : 374 – 385 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , R. B. , Canadell , J. , Ehleringer , J. R. , Mooney , H. A. , Sala , O. E. and Schulze , E. D. 1996 . A global analysis of root distributions for terrestrial biomes. . Oecologia , 108 : 389 – 411 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvis , P. G. 1976 . A Discussion on Water Relations of Plants , : 593 – 610 . The interpretation of the variations in leaf water potential and stomatal conductance found in canopies in the field. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, Vol. 273, No. 927
   Google Scholar
• Kite , G. W. 1995 . “ The SLURP model ” . In Computer models of watershed hydrology. Water Resources Publications, Colorado, USA Edited by: Singh , V. P. 521 – 562 .
   Google Scholar
• Kouwen , N. 2001 . WATFLOOD/SPL8flood forecasting system Waterloo : University of Waterloo .
   Google Scholar
• Leavesley , G. H. , Lichty , R. W. , Troutman , B. M. and Saindon , L. G. 1983 . Precipitation-runoff modelling system: User's manual. US Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 83–4238 207
   Google Scholar
• Lungal , M. A. 2008 . Hydrologic response to spring snowmelt and extreme rainfall events of different landscape elements within a prairie wetland basin. Masters Thesis, Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, SK
   Google Scholar
• Monteith , J. L. 1965 . Evaporation and environment. . Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology , 19 : 205 – 234 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Penman , H. L. 1948 . Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences , 193 : 120 – 146 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pomeroy , J. W. , Granger , R. J. , Pietroniro , A. , Elliott , J. E. , Toth , B. and Hedstrom , N. 1997 . Hydrological pathways in the Prince Albert Model Forest, Final Report to the Prince Albert Model Forest Association. Environment Canada, NHRI Contribution Series No. CS-97004. 154p and appendices
   Google Scholar
• Pomeroy , J. W. , Gray , D. M. , Brown , T. , Hedstrom , N. R. , Quinton , W. L. , Granger , R. J. and Carey , S. K. 2007 . The cold regions hydrological model, a platform for basing process representation and model structure on physical evidence. . Hydrological Processes , 21 : 2650 – 2667 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Running , S. W. , Baldocchi , D. , Turner , D. P. , Gower , S. T. , Bakwin , P. S. and Hibbard , K. A. 1999 . A global terrestrial monitoring network integrating tower fluxes, flask sampling, ecosystem modeling and EOS data. . Remote Sensing of Environment , 70 : 108 – 127 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherer , T. F. , Seelig , B. and Franzen , D. 1996 . “ Soil, water and plant characteristics important to irrigation ” . In North Dakota State University (NDSU) Extension Bulletin EB-66
   Google Scholar
• Stefferud , A. 1955 . The Yearbook of Agriculture 1955, Water Edited by: Stefferud , A. 751 United States Department of Agriculture .
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , R. , Pomeroy , J. W. and Lawford , R. 2008 . A drought research initiative for the Canadian Prairies. . CMOS Bulletin SCMO , 36 : 87 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Stockli , R. , Lawrence , D. M. , Niu , G. , Oleson , K. W. , Thornton , P. , Yang , Z. , Bonan , G. B. , Denning , A. S. and Running , S. W. 2008 . Use of FLUXNET in the community land model development. . Journal Of Geophysical Research , 113 : G01025 doi:10.1029/2007JG000562
   Google Scholar
• Verseghy , D. L. , McFarlane , N. A. and Lazare , M. 1993 . A Canadian land surface scheme for GCMs: II. Vegetation model and coupled runs. . International Journal of Climatology , 13 : 347 – 370 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weaver , J. E. 1925 . Investigations on the root habits of plants. . American Journal of Botany , 12 : 502 – 509 .
   Google Scholar
• Weaver , J. E. 1926 . Root development of field crops 291 New York : McGraw-Hill Book Company, inc .
   Google Scholar
• Weaver , J. E. and Clements , F. E. 1938 . Plant Ecology 601 New York, London : McGraw-Hill . Book Company, inc
   Google Scholar
• Wever , L. A. , Flanagan , L. B. and Carlson , P. J. 2002 . Seasonal and interannual variation in evapotranspiration, energy balance, and surface conductance in a northern temperate grassland. . Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , 112 : 31 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahner , R. 1967 . “ Refinement in empirical functions for realistic soil-moisture regimes under forest cover ” . International Symposium of Forest Hydrology Edited by: Sopper , W. E. and Lull , H. W. 261 – 274 . New York : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar