Application of forward osmosis in pretreatment of seawater for small reverse osmosis desalination units

References

• Bou-Hamad , S. , Abdel-Jawad , M. , Ebrahim , S. , Al-Mansour , M. and Al-Hijji , A. 1997 . Performance evaluation of three different pretreatment systems for seawater reverse osmosis technique . Desalination , 110 : 85 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teuler , A. , Glucina , K. and Laine , J. M. 1999 . Assessment of UF pretreatment prior RO membranes for seawater desalination . Desalination , 125 : 89 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan , A. M. , Farooque , A. M. , Jamaluddin , A. T. M. , Al-Amoudi , A. S. , Al-Sofi , M. A. K. , Al-Rubaian , A. F. , Kither , N. M. , Al-Tisan , I. A. R. and Rowaili , A. 2000 . A demonstration plant based on the new NF-SWRO process . Desalination , 131 : 157 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brehant , A. , Bonnelye , V. and Perez , M. 2002 . Comparison of MF/UF pretreatment with conventional filtration prior to RO membranes for surface seawater desalination . Desalination , 144 : 353 – 360 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chua , T. K. , Hawlader , A. M. N. and Malek , A. 2003 . Pretreatment of seawater: Results of pilot trials in Singapore . Desalination , 159 : 225 – 243 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnélye , V. , Guey , L. and Del Castillo , J. 2008 . UF/MF as RO pretreatment: the real benefit . Desalination , 222 : 59 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , J. , Ruan , G. , Gao , X. , Pan , X. , Su , B. and Gao , C. 2008 . Pilot study of inside-out and outside-in hollow fiber UF modules as direct pretreatment of seawater at low temperature for reverse osmosis . Desalination , 219 : 179 – 189 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , J. , Ruan , G. , Chu , X. , Yao , Y. , Su , B. and Gao , C. 2007 . A pilot study of UF pretreatment without any chemicals for SWRO desalination in China . Desalination , 207 : 216 – 226 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cath , T. Y. , Childress , A. E. and Elimelech , M. 2006 . Forward osmosis: Principles, applications, and recent developments . J. Membr. Sci. , 281 : 70 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cath , T. Y. , Adams , V. D. and Childress , A. E. 2005 . Membrane contactor processes for wastewater reclamation in space. II. Combined direct osmosis, osmotic distillation, and membrane distillation for treatment of metabolic wastewater . J. Membr. Sci. , 257 : 85 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cath , T. Y. , Gormly , S. , Adams , V. D. , Beaudry , E. G. , Flynn , M. T. and Childress , A. E. 2005 . Membrane contactor processes for wastewater reclamation in space. I. Direct osmotic concentration as pretreatment for reverse osmosis . J. Membr. Sci. , 257 : 111 – 119 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glueckstern , P. , Priel , M. , Thom , A. and Gelman , Y. 2000 . Desalination of brackish fish pond effluents — pilot testing and comparative economic evaluation of integrated UF-RO systems vs. conventional systems . Desalination , 132 : 55 – 64 .
   Google Scholar
• Khawaji , A. D. , Kutubkhanah , I. K. and Wie , J. M. 2008 . Advances in seawater desalination technologies . Desalination , 221 : 47 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce , G. , Talo , S. , Chida , K. , Basha , A. and Gulamhusein , A. 2004 . Pretreatment options for large-scale SWRO plants: case studies of UF trials at Kindasa, Saudi Arabia, and conventional pretreatment in Spain . Desalination , 167 : 175 – 189 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar , M. , Adham , S. and Pearce , W. 2006 . Investigation of seawater reverse osmosis fouling and its relationship to pretreatment type . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 40 : 2037 – 2044 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knops , F. , van Hoof , S. , Futselaar , H. and Broens , L. 2007 . Economic evaluation of a new ultrafiltration membrane for pretreatment of seawater reverse osmosis . Desalination , 203 : 300 – 306 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce , G. K. 2008 . UF/MF pre-treatment to RO in seawater and wastewater reuse applications: a comparison of energy costs . Desalination , 222 : 66 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCutcheon , J. R. , McGinnis , R. L. and Elimelech , M. 2006 . Desalination by a novel ammonia–carbon dioxide forward osmosis process: influence of draw and feed solution concentrations on process performance . J. Membr. Sci. , 278 : 114 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seibert , U. , Vogt , G. , Brennig , C. , Gebhard , R. and Holz , F. 2004 . Autonomous desalination system concepts for seawater and brackish water in rural areas with renewable energies—potentials, technologies, field experience, socio-technical and socioeconomic impacts—ADIRA . Desalination , 168 : 29 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epp , C. and Papapetrou , M. 2004 . Co-ordination action for autonomous desalination units based on renewable energy systems—ADU-RES . Desalination , 168 : 89 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• McCutcheon , J. R. and Elimelech , M. 2006 . Influence of concentrative and dilutive internal concentration polarization on flux behavior in forward osmosis . J. Membr. Sci. , 284 : 237 – 247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hydration Technologies, Inc. 2003 . “ Forward osmosis ” . In White paper Osmotic water purification devices
   Google Scholar
• Mehta , G. D. 1982 . Further results on the performance of present-day osmotic membranes in various osmotic regions . J. Membr. Sci. , 10 : 3 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCutcheon , J. R. , McGinnis , R. L. and Elimelech , M. 2005 . A novel ammonia-carbon dioxide forward (direct) osmosis desalination process . Desalination , 174 : 1 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCutcheon , J. R. and Elimelech , M. 2008 . Influence of membrane support layer hydrophobicity on water flux in osmotically driven membrane processes . J. Membr. Sci. , 318 : 458 – 466 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghiu , S. M. S. , Carnahan , R. P. and Barger , M. 2002 . Permeability of electrolytes through a flat RO membrane in a direct osmosis study . Desalination , 144 : 387 – 392 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mi , B. and Elimelech , M. 2008 . Chemical and physical aspects of organic fouling of forward osmosis membranes . J. Membr. Sci. , 320 : 292 – 302 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holloway , R. W. , Childress , A. E. , Dennett , K. E. and Cath , T. Y. 2007 . Forward osmosis for concentration of anaerobic digester concentrate . Water Res. , 41 : 4005 – 4014 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar