Coagulation and nano-filtration: A hybrid system for the removal of lower molecular weight organic compounds (LMWOC)

References

• Xiao , M. , Wu , F. C. , Liao , H. Q. , Li , W. , Lee , X. Q. and Huang , R. S. 2009 . Vertical profiles of low molecular weight organic acids in sediment porewaters of six Chinese lakes . J, Hydrol. , 365 : 37 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crozes , G. , White , P. and Marshall , M. 1995 . Enhanced coagulation: its effect on NOM removal and chemical costs . Journal American Water Works Association (AWWA) , 87 : 78 – 89 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , M. C. , Thompson , J. D. , Harrington , G. W. and Singer , P. C. 1997 . Evaluating criteria for enhanced coagulation compliance . Journal American Water Works Association (AWWA) , 89 : 64 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , P. F. , Sun , D. D. and Leckie , J. O. 2007 . Adsorption and photodegradation of humic acids by nano-structured TiO2 for water treatment . J. Adv. Oxid. Tech. , 10 : 72 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Bose , P. and Reckhow , D. A. 1998 . Adsorption of natural organic matter on preformed aluminum hydroxide flocs . J. Environ. Eng. , 124 : 803 – 811 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humbert , H. , Gallard , H. , Suty , H. and Croue , J. P. 2008 . Natural organic matter (NOM) and pesticides removal using a combination of ion exchange resin and powdered activated carbon (PAC) . Water Res. , 42 : 1635 – 1643 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schafer , A. I. , Fane , A. G. and Waite , T. D. 2000 . Fouling effects on rejection in the membrane filtration of natural waters . Desalination , 131 : 215 – 224 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jegatheesan , V. , Kim , S. H. , Joo , C. K. and Gao , B. Y. 2009 . Evaluating the effects of granular and membrane filtrations on chlorine demand in drinking water . J. Environ. Sci. , 21 : 23 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Perry , M. and Linder , C. 1989 . Intermediate reverse osmosis ultrafiltration (RO UF) membranes for concentration and desalting of low molecular weight organic solutes . Desalination , 71 : 233 – 245 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shon , H. K. , Kim , S. H. , Erdei , L. and Vigneswaran , S. 2006 . Analytical methods of size distribution for organic matter in water and wastewater . Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering , 23 : 581 – 591 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stull , J. K. , Swift , D. J. P. and Niedoroda , A. W. 1996 . Contaminant dispersal on the Palos Verdes continental margin: I. Sediments and biota near a major California wastewater discharge . Science of the Total Environment , 179
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pempkowiak , J. and Obarska-Pempkowiak , H. 2002 . Long-term changes in sewage sludge stored in a reed bed . Science of the Total Environment , 297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leenheer , J. A. and Croue , J. P. 2003 . Characterizing aquatic dissolved organic matter . Environmental Science and Technology , 37
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ducom , G. and Cabassud , C. 1999 . Interests and limitations of nanofiltration for the removal of volatile organic compounds in drinking water production . Desalination , 124 : 115 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Bruggen , B. , Everaert , K. , Wilms , D. and Vandecasteele , C. 2001 . Application of nanofiltration for removal of pesticides, nitrate and hardness from ground water: rejection properties and economic evaluation . J. Membr. Sci. , 193 : 239 – 248 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claver , A. , Ormad , P. , Rodríguez , L. and Ovelleiro , J. L. 2006 . Study of the presence of pesticides in surface waters in the Ebro River Basin (Spain) . Chemosphere , 64 : 1437 – 1443 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) . 2005 . National Water Quality Management Strategy: Australian Drinking Water Guidelines
   Google Scholar
• US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) . 1998 . National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products 69390 – 69476 . Washington , DC Final rule
   Google Scholar
• Miltner , R. J. , Baker , D. B. , Speth , T. F. and Fronk , C. A. 1989 . Treatment of seasonal pesticides in surface waters . Journal American Water Works Association (AWWA) , 81 : 43 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beltrán , F. J. , Rivas , F. J. and Montero-de-Espinosa , R. 2004 . A TiO2/Al2O3 catalyst to improve the ozonation of oxalic acid in water . Applied Catalysis B: Environmental , 47 : 101 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boussahel , R. , Bouland , S. , Moussaoui , K. M. and Montiel , A. 2000 . Removal of pesticide residues in water using the nanofiltration process . Desalination , 132 : 205 – 209 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crozes , G. , White , P. and Marshall , M. 1995 . Enhanced coagulation: its effect on NOM removal and chemical costs . Journal American Water Works Association (AWWA) , 87 : 78 – 89 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll , T. , King , S. , Gray , S. R. , Bolto , B. and Booker , N. A. 2000 . The fouling of microfiltration membranes by NOM after coagulation treatment . Water Res. , 34 : 2861 – 2868 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran , T. , Gray , S. , Naughton , R. and Bolto , B. 2006 . Polysilicato-iron for improved NOM removal and membrane performance . J. Membr. Sci. , 280 : 560 – 571 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , J. Y. , Yang , X. E. , He , Z. L. , Li , T. Q. , Shentu , J. L. and Stoffella , P. J. 2006 . Effects of pH, organic acids, and inorganic ions on lead desorption from soil . Environmental Pollution , 143 : 9 – 15 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shon , H. K. , Vigneswaran , S. and Cho , J. 2008 . Comparison of physicochemical pretreatment methods to seawater reverse osmosis: Detailed analyses of molecular weight distribution of organic matter in initial stage . J. Membr. Sci. , 320 : 151 – 158 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho , J. W. , Amy , G. and Pellegrino , J. 1999 . Membrane filtration of natural organic matter: initial comparison of rejection and flux decline characteristics with ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes . Water Res. , 33 : 2517 – 2526 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Bruggen , B. and Vandecasteele , C. 2003 . Removal of pollutants from surface water and groundwater by nanofiltration: overview of possible applications in the drinking water industry . Environmental Pollution , 122 : 435 – 445 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray , S. R. , Ritchie , C. B. , Tran , T. and Bolto , B. A. 2007 . Effect of NOM characteristics and membrane type on microfiltration performance . Water Res. , 41 : 3833 – 3841 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schafer , A. I. , Fane , A. G. and Waite , T. D. 1998 . Nanofiltration of natural organic matter: Removal, fouling and influence of multivalent ions . Desalination , 118 : 109 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jegatheesan , V. and Vigneswaran , S. 2005 . Deep bed filtration: Mathematical models and observations . Critical Review in Environmental Science and Technology , 35 : 515 – 569 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buffle , J. , Deladoey , P. and Haerri , W. 1978 . The use of ultrafiltration for the separation and fractional of organic ligands in freshwater . Analytica Chimica Acta , 101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartels , C. , Franks , R. , Schierach , M. and Wilf , M. 2005 . The effect of feed ionic strength on salt passage through reverse osmosis membranes . Desalination , 184 : 185 – 195 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , Y. , Gao , B. Y. , Xu , X. M. , Xu , W. Y. and Xu , G. Y. 2009 . Characteristics of floc size, strength and structure in various aluminum coagulants treatment . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 332 : 354 – 359 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiradate , S. and Yamaguchi , N. U. 2003 . Chemical species of Al reacting with soil humic acids . J. Inorg. Biochem. , 97 : 26 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Bruggen , B. , Everaert , K. , Wilms , D. and Vandecasteele , C. 2001 . The use of nanofiltration for the removal of pesticides from ground water: an evaluation . Water Sci. Technol.: Water Supply , 1 : 99 – 106 .
   Google Scholar
• Van der Bruggen , B. , Schaep , J. , Maes , W. , Wilms , D. and Vandecasteele , C. 1998 . Nanofiltration as a treatment method for the removal of pesticides from ground waters . Desalination , 117 : 139 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Bruggen , B. , Schaep , J. , Wilms , D. and Vandecasteele , C. 1999 . Influence of molecular size, polarity and charge on the retention of organic molecules by nanofiltration . J. Membr. Sci. , 156 : 29 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Bruggen , B. , Schaep , J. , Vandecasteele , C. and Wilms , D. 2000 . A comparison of models to describe the maximal retention of organic molecules . Separation and Purification Technology , 35 : 169 – 182 .
   Google Scholar
• Van der Bruggen , B. and Vandecasteele , C. 2002 . Modelling of the retention of uncharged molecules with nanofiltration . Water Res. , 36 : 1360 – 1368 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaep , J. , Van der Bruggen , B. , Vandecasteele , C. and Wilms , D. 1998 . Influence of ion size and charge in nanofiltration . Separation and Purification Technology , 14 : 155 – 162 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanninen , J. , Manttari , M. and Nystrom , M. 2007 . Effect of electrolyte strength on acid separation with NF membranes . J. Membr. Sci. , 294 : 207 – 212 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar