190
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Review on passive solar distillation

, , , &
Pages 217-238 | Received 31 Dec 2009, Accepted 10 Jul 2010, Published online: 03 Aug 2012

References

  • Mouchot , Augustin . 1869 . La Chaleur solaire et ses Applications industrielles Solar Energy — The French Connection part one
  • Nebbia , Giorgio and Menozzi , Gabriella Nebbia . 1968 . Early experiments on water desalination by freezing . Desalination , 5 ( 1 ) : 49 – 54 .
  • Delyannis , A. A. 1965 . Solar stills provide an island’s inhabitants with water . Sun at Work , 10 ( 1 ) : 6
  • Delyannis , A. A. and Piperoglou , E. 1968 . The Patmos solar distillation plant: technical note . Sol. Energy , 12 : 113 – 115 .
  • Delyannis , A. A. and Delyannis , E. A. 1970 . Solar desalting . Chem. Eng. , 77 : 136 – 140 .
  • Malik , M. A. S. , Tiwari , G. N. , Kumar , A. and Sodha , M. S. 1982 . Solar Distillation , 1st ed. , Oxford : Pergamon Press .
  • Singh , A. K. and Tiwari , G. N. 1992 . Performance study of double effect distillation in a multiwick solar still . Energ. Convers. Manage. , 33 ( 3 ) : 207 – 214 .
  • Tiwari , G. N. , Singh , H. N. and Tripathi , R. 2003 . Present status of solar distillation . Sol. Energy , 75 ( 5 ) : 367 – 373 .
  • Gomkale , S. D. 1988 . Operationalexperience with solar stills in an Indian village and their contribution to the drinking water supply . Desalination , 69 ( 2 ) : 177 – 182 .
  • Fath , H. E. S. and Ghazy , A. 1998 . A naturally circulated humidifying/ dehumidifying solar still with a built-in passive condenser . Desalination , 116 : 45 – 56 .
  • Jakob , M. and Gupta , P. C. 1954 . The evaporation of liquid into a gas . Chemicalengineering Process, Symposium series IX , 50 : 15
  • Mulla , W. and Reicher , M. 1930 . Gesundheit Beihoffe . Reihe , 1 : 28
  • Dunkle , R. V. Solar water distillation: The roof type solar stilland a multiple effect diffusion still . International Developments in Heat Transfer, Int. Heat Transfer Conference . pp. 895 – 902 . University of Colorado . Part 5
  • Singh , A. K. and Tiwari , G. N. 1991 . Ph.D., thesis: Thermalefficiency of double slope FRP multiwick solar still
  • Baum , S. J. 1964 . Mass transfer coefficients in liquid–solid agitated systems and coefficients in agitated solid–liquid systems . Journal ofindustrialand Chemicalengineering , 10 : 415
  • Kumar , S. , Tiwari , G. N. and Singh , H. N. 2000 . Annual performance of active solar distillation system . Desalination , 127 ( 1 ) : 79 – 88 .
  • Watmuff , J. H. , Charters , W. W. S. and Proctor , D. 1977 . Solar and wind induced external coefficient for solar collectors, Technical Note, Comples 2 Semester:56
  • Duffie , J. A. and Beckman , W. A. 1980 . Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes , New West Editions , 12991 New York : John Willey and Sons .
  • Mc Adams , W. C. 1954 . Heat Transmission , McGraw Hill .
  • Nayak , J. K. , Tiwari , G. N. and Sodha , M. S. 1980 . Periodic theory of soar still . Int. J. of Energ. Res. , 4 ( 1 ) : 41 – 57 .
  • Van der Held , E. D. M. 1931 . Warmetechiek , 2 : 54
  • De Groaf , J. G. A. and Held Van der , E. F. M. 1953 . The relation between heat transfer and convective phenomena . Applied Science Res. Section A , 3 : 393
  • Sanjay , Kumar and Tiwari , G. N. 1996 . Estimation of convective mass transferin solar distillation systems . Sol. Energy , 57 ( 6 ) : 459 – 464 .
  • Cooper , P. I. 1969 . The absorption of radiation in solar stills . Sol. Energy , 12 ( 3 ) : 333 – 346 .
  • Cooper , P. I. 1972 . Some factors affecting the absorption of solar radiation in solar stills . Sol. Energy , 13 ( 4 ) : 373 – 381 .
  • Sodha , M. S. , Kumar , A. , Tiwari , G. N. and Pandey , G. C. 1980a . Effect of dye on the thermal performance of solar still . Appl. Energ. , 7 ( 1–3 ) : 147 – 162 .
  • Garg , H. P. and Mann , H. S. 1976 . Effect of climatic, operationaland design parameters on the year round performance of single sloped and double sloped solar stills underindian Arid Zone conditions . Sol. Energy , 18 : 159 – 164 .
  • Akash , A. Bilal , Mousa Mohsen , S. , Osta , Omar and Elayan , Yaser . 1998 . Experimentalal.Hayak, Imad and Omar O. Badran, The effect of using different design of solar stills on water distillation . Desalination , 169 : 121 – 127 . 2004
  • Solimon , S. H. 1972 . Effect of wind on solar distillation . Sol. Energy , 13 : 403 – 415 .
  • Tiwari , G. N. and Thakur , Kailash . 1991 . An analyticalexpression for efficiency of solar still . Energ. Convers. Manage. , 32 ( 6 ) : 595 – 598 .
  • Morse , R. N. and Read , W. R. W. 1968 . A rational basis for the engineering development of a sol. still . Sol. Energy , 12 ( 1 ) : 5 – 17 .
  • Frick , G. and Von Sommerfeld , J. 1973 . Solar stills of inclined evaporating cloth . Sol. Energy , 14 : 427 – 431 .
  • Baibutaev , K. B. , Achilov , B. M. and Kamaeva , G. 1970 . Effect of salt concentration on the evaporation process in solar stills . Geliotekhnika , 6 ( 2 ) : 83 – 85 .
  • Cooper , P. I. 1973 . The maximum efficiency of single effect solar still . Sol. Energy , 15 : 205 – 217 .
  • Talbert , S. , Eibling , J. and Lof , G. Manual on Solar Distillation of Saline Water , 1970 US Department of the Interior, OSW, R&D . Report No. 546
  • Hirschmann , J. and Rheinlaender , J. 5th International Symposium on Fresh Water from the Sea . Vol. 2 , pp. 447 – 456 .
  • Moustafa , S. M. A. , Brusewitz , G. H. and Farmer , D. M. 1979 . Sol. Energy , 22 ( 2 ) : 141 – 148 .
  • Tiwari , G. N. , Kumar , A. and Sodha , M. S. 1982 . A review- cooling by water evaporation over roof . Energ. Convers. Manage. , 22 ( 2 ) : 143 – 153 .
  • Sodha , M. S. , Nayak , J. K. , Tiwari , G. N. and Kumar , A. 1980b . Double basin solar still . Energy Convers. Manage. , 20 ( 1 ) : 23 – 32 .
  • Yeh , Ho-Ming and Chen , Lie-Chaing . 1986 . The effects of climatic, design and operational parameters on the performance of wick-type solar distillers . Energ. Convers. Manage. , 26 ( 2 ) : 175 – 180 .
  • Egarievwe , S. U. , Animalu , A. O. E. and Okeke , C. E. 1991 . Harmattan performance of a solar stillin the Guinea Savannah . Renew. Energ. , 1 ( 5/6 ) : 799 – 801 .
  • Tiwari , G. N. and Dhiman , N. H. 1991 . Performance study of a high temperature distillation system . Energ. Convers. Manage. , 32 ( 3 ) : 283 – 291 .
  • Morcos , V. H. 1994 . Some experimentaland theoretical studies of a single basin solar still . Renew. Energ. , 4 ( 4 ) : 401 – 417 .
  • Franco , J. and Saravia , L. 1994 . A new design for a passive atmospheric multistage still . Renew. Energ. , 4 ( 1 ) : 119 – 122 .
  • Riffat , S. B. 1995 . Solar absorption system for water desalination . Renew. Energ. , 6 ( 2 ) : 101 – 106 .
  • Al-Karaghouli , A. A. and Minasian , A. N. 1995 . A floating-wick type solar still . Renew. Energ. , 6 ( 1 ) : 77 – 79 .
  • Porta , M. A. , Chargoy , N. and Fernandez , J. L. 1997 . Extreme operating conditions in shallow sol. stills . Sol. Energy , 61 ( 4 ) : 279 – 286 .
  • Aboul-Enein , S. , El-Sebaii , A. A. and El-Bialy , E. 1998 . Investigation of a single-basin solar still with deep basins . Renew. Energ. , 14 ( 1–4 ) : 299 – 305 .
  • Mink , G. , Horvath , L. , Evseev , E. G. and Kudish , A. I. 1998 . Design parameters, performance testing and analysis of a doubleglazed, air-blown solar still with thermalenergy recycle . Sol. Energy , 64 ( 4–6 ) : 265 – 277 .
  • Elkader , Abd . 1998 . An investigation of the parameters involved in simple solar still with inclined yute . Renew. Energ. , 14 ( 1–4 ) : 333 – 338 .
  • Rommel , M. 1998 . Solar thermally driven desalination systems with corrosion free collectors . Renew. Energ. , 14 ( 1–4 ) : 275 – 280 .
  • Muller-Holst , H. , Engelhardt , M. and Scholkopf , W. 1999 . Small-scale thermal seawater desalination simulation and optimization of system design . Desalination , 122 : 255 – 262 .
  • Bachir , Bouchekima , Gros , Bernard , Ouahes , Ramdane and Diboun , Mostefa . 1999 . Theoretical study and practicalapplication of the capillary film solar distiller . Renew. Energ. , 16 : 795 – 799 .
  • El-Bahi , A. and Inan , D. 1999 . Analysis of a parallel double glass solar still with separate condenser . Renew. Energ. , 17 : 509 – 521 .
  • Haddad , O. M. , Al-Nimr , M. A. and Maqableh , A. 2000 . Enhanced solar still performance using radiative cooling system . Renew. Energ. , 21 : 459 – 469 .
  • Rubio-Cerda , E. , Porta-Gandara , M. A. and Fernandez- Zayas , J. L. 2002 . Thermal performance of the condensing covers in a triangular solar still . Renew. Energ. , 27 : 301 – 308 .
  • Haralambopoulos , D. A. , Biskos , G. , Halvadakis , C. and Lekkas , T. D. 2002 . Dewatering of wastewater sludge through a solar still . Renew. Energ. , 26 : 247 – 256 .
  • Bannat , F. , Jumah , R. and Garaibeh , M. 2002 . Exploitation of solar energy collected by solar stills for desalination by membrane distillation . Renew. Energ. , 25 : 293 – 305 .
  • Hongfei , Zheng and Xinshi , Ge . 2002 . Steady-state experimental study of a close recycle solar still with enhanced falling film evaporation and regeneration . Renew. Energ. , 26 : 295 – 308 .
  • El-Wify , M. E. and Metias , M. Z. 2002 . Analysis of double exposure solar still . Renew. Energ. , 26 : 531 – 547 .
  • Valsaraj , P. 2002 . An experimental study on solar distillation in a single slope basin still by surface heating the water mass . Renew. Energ. , 25 : 607 – 612 .
  • Rahim , N. H. A. 2003 . New method to store heat energy in horizontal solar desalination still . Renew. Energ. , 28 : 419 – 433 .
  • Al-Kharabsheh , S. and Yogi Goswami , D. 2003 . Experimental study of an innovative sol. water desalination system utilizing a passive vacuum technique . Sol. energy , 75 : 395 – 401 .
  • Zhang , Lianying , Zheng , Hongfei and Wu , Yuyuan . 2003 . Experimental study on a horizontal tube falling film evaporation and closed circulation solar desalination system . Renew. Energ. , 28 : 1187 – 1199 .
  • Abdallah , S. and Badran , O. O. 2007 . Suntracking system for productivity enchancement of solar still . Desalination , 220 ( 1–3 ) : 669 – 676 .
  • Hanson , A. , Zachritz , W. , Stevens , K. , Mimbela , L. , Polka , R. and Cisneros , L. 2004 . Discrete water quality of a single basin solar still: Laboratory and field studies . Sol. energ. , 76 : 635 – 645 .
  • Ward , J. 2003 . A plastic solar water purifier with high output . Sol. Energy , 75 : 433 – 437 .
  • Tripathi , R. and Tiwari , G. N. 2005 . Effect of water depth on internal hat and mass transfer for active solar distillation . Desalination , 173 ( 2 ) : 187 – 200 .
  • Singh , H. N. and Tiwari , G. N. 2004 . Monthly performance of passive and active solar stills for different Indian climatic conditions . Desalination , 168 : 145 – 150 .
  • Sow , Ousmane Monica Siroux and Desmet , Bornard . 2005 . Energy and energetic analysis of a triple effect distiller driven by sol. energ. . Desalination , 174 : 277 – 286 .
  • Boukar , M. and Harmim , A. 2004 . Parametic study of a vertical Solar stillunder desert climatic conditions . Desalination , 168 : 21 – 28 .
  • Tanaka , J. , Nakatake , Yasuhito and Watanabe , Katshio . 2004 . Parametric study on a vertical multiple effect diffusion type solar still coupled with a heat pipe solar collector . Desalination , 171 : 243 – 255 .
  • Tanaka , H. and Nakatake , Yasuhito . 2005 . Indoor experiments of the vertical multiple effect diffusion types solar still coupled with a heat pipe solar collector . Desalination , 177 : 291 – 302 .
  • Boukar , M. and Harmim , N. 2007 . Design parameters and preliminary experimentalinvestigation of an indirect vertical solar still . Desalination , 203 : 444 454.
  • Badran , O. O. and Al-Tahaineh , H. H. 2005 . The effect of coupling a flat–plate collector on the solar still productivity . Desalination , 183 : 137 – 142 .
  • Sahoo , B. B. , Sahoo , N. , Mahanta , P. , Borbora , L. , Kalita , P. and Saha , U. K. 2008 . Performance assessment of a solar stillusing blackened surface and thermocolinsulation . Renew. Energ. , 33 : 1703 – 1708 .
  • Kumar , V. K. and Kasturibai , R. 2008 . Performance study on solar still with enhanced condensation . Desalination , 230 : 51 – 61 .
  • Shanmugan , S. , Rajamohan , P. and Mutharasu , D. 2008 . Performance study on an acrylic mirror boosted solar distillation unit utilizing seawater . Desalination , 230 : 281 – 287 .
  • Ismail , Basel. I. 2009 . Design and performance of a transportable hemispherical solar still . Renew. Energ. , 34 : 145 – 150 .
  • Zhani , K. , Ben Bacha , H. and Damak , T. 1–32009 . Study of a water desalination unit using solar energy . Desalination and Water Treatment , 3 : 261 – 270 .
  • Soufari , S. M. , Zamen , M. and Amidpour , M. 2009 . Experimental validation of an optimized solar humidification-dehumidification desalination unit . Desalination and Water Treatment , 6 ( 1–3 ) : 244 – 251 .
  • Murase , K. , Yamagishi , Y. and Tano , K. 2009 . Development of a hybrid solar distillator of a basin type distillator and a membrane distillatory . Desalination and Water Treatment , 9 ( 1–3 ) : 96 – 104 .
  • Mousa , H. and Abu Arabi , M. 2009 . Theoretical study of water desalination by a falling film solar unit . Desalination and Water Treatment , 12 ( 1–3 ) : 331 – 336 .
  • Khalifa , A. J. N. and Hamood , A. M. 2009 . Experimental validation and enhancement of some solar still performance correlations . Desalination and Water Treatment , 4 ( 1–3 ) : 311 – 315 .
  • Hossain , A. K. and Davies , P. A. 2009 . Small-scale reverse osmosis brackish water desalting system combined with greenhouse application for use in remote arid communities . Desalination and Water Treatment , 3 ( 1–3 ) : 229 – 235 .
  • Gao , P. H. , Zhang , L. X. and Zhang , H. F. 2009 . A new multi-effect desalination system with heat pipes by falling film evaporation in the vacuum . Desalination and Water Treatment , 10 ( 1–3 ) : 306 – 310 .
  • Chen , Z. Q. , Zheng , H. F. , Ma , C. C. , Li , Z. L. and He , K. Y. 2009 . Experiment and optimal parameters of a solar heating system study on an absorption solar desalination unit . Desalination and Water Treatment , 1 ( 1–3 ) : 128 – 138 .
  • Aybar , H. S. and Assefi , H. 2009a . Simulation of a solar still to investigate water depth and glass angle . Desalination and Water Treatment , 7 ( 1–3 ) : 35 – 40 .
  • Aybar , H. S. and Assefi , H. 2009b . A review and comparison of solar distillation: Direct and indirect type systems . Desalination and Water Treatment , 10 ( 1–3 ) : 321 – 331 .
  • Abu-Arabi , M. , Mousa , H. and Abdelrahman , R. 2009 . Solar desalination unit with falling film . Desalination and Water Treatment , 3 ( 1–3 ) : 58 – 63 .
  • Velmurugan , V. , Pandiarajan , S. , Guruparan , P. , Subramanian , L. H. , Prabaharan , C. D. and Srithar , K. 2009a . Integrated performance of stepped and single basin solar stills with mini solar pond . Desalination , 249 ( 3 ) : 902 – 909 .
  • Tanaka , H. and Nakatake , Y. 2009a . One step azimuth tracking tiltedwick solar still with a vertical flat plate reflector . Desalination , 235 ( 1–3 ) : 1 – 8 .
  • Tanaka , H. 2009 . Effect ofinclination of external reflector of basin type stillin summer . Desalination , 242 ( 1–3 ) : 205 – 214 .
  • Madhlopa , A. and Johnstone , C. 2009a . Model for computation of solar fraction in a single-slope solar still . Sol. Energ. , 83 ( 6 ) : 873 – 882 .
  • Khalifa , A. J. N. and Hamood , A. M. 2009a . On the verification of the effect of water depth on the performance of basin type solar stills . Sol. Energ. , 83 ( 8 ) : 1312 – 1321 .
  • Vinoth Kumar , K. and Kasturibai , R. 2009 . Performance study on solar still with enhanced condensation . Desalination , 230 ( 1–3 ) : 51 – 61 .
  • Madhlopa , A. and Johnstone , C. 2009b . Numerical study of a passive solar still with separate condenser . Renew. Energ. , 34 ( 7 ) : 1668 – 1677 .
  • Jiang , J. Y. , Tian , H. , Cui , M. X. and Liu , L. J. 2009 . Proof-of-concept study of an integrated solar desalination system . Renew. Energ. , 34 ( 12 ) : 2798 – 2802 .
  • Ahmed , M. I. , Hrairi , M. and Ismail , A. F. 2009 . On the characteristics of multistage evacuated solar distillation . Renew. Energ. , 34 ( 6 ) : 1471 – 1478 .
  • Velmurugan , V. , Kumar , K. J. N. , Haq , T. N. and Srithar , K. 2009b . Performance analysis in stepped solar still for effluent desalination . Energy , 34 ( 9 ) : 1179 – 1186 .
  • Kabeel , A. E. 2009 . Performance of solar still with a concave wick evaporation surface . Energy , 34 ( 10 ) : 1504 – 1509 .
  • Kumar , R. and Umanand , L. 2009 . Modeling of a pressure modulated desalination system using bond graph methodology . Appl. Energ. , 86 ( 9 ) : 1654 – 1666 .
  • Khalifa , A. J. N. and Hamood , A. M. 2009b . Effect ofinsulation thickness on the productivity of basin type solar stills: An experimental verification under local climate . Energ. Conver. Manage. , 50 ( 9 ) : 2457 – 2461 .
  • Tiwari , G. N. and Rao , V. S. V. B. 1984 . Transient performance of a single basin solar still with water flowing over the glass cover . Desalination , 49 : 231 – 241 .
  • Tiwari , G. N. and Mohammed Salim , G. A. 1984 . Double slope fibre reinforced plastic multi still . Solar and Wind Technology , 1 ( 4 ) : 229 – 235 .
  • Prakash , J. and Kavanthekar , A. K. 1986 . Performance prediction of a regenerative solar still . International Journal of Solar and Wind Technology , 3 : 119 – 128 .
  • Tiwari , G. N. and Madhuri . 1987 . Effect of water depth on daily yield of still . Desalination , 6 ( 1 ) : 67 – 75 .
  • Tiwari , G. N. , Lawrence , S. A. and Gupta , S. P. 1989a . Analytical study of multi-effect solar still . Energ. Convers. Manage. , 29 ( 4 ) : 259 – 263 .
  • Tiwari , G. N. , Gupta , S. P. and Lawrence , S. A. 1989b . Transient analysis of solar stillin the presence of dye . Energ. Convers. Manage. , 29 ( 1 ) : 59 – 62 .
  • Lawrence , S. A. , Gupta , S. P. and Tiwari , G. N. 1990 . Effect of heat capacity on the performance of solar still with water flow over the glass cover . Energ. Convers. Manage. , 30 ( 3 ) : 277 – 285 .
  • Lawrence , S. A. and Tiwari , G. N. 1990 . Theoreticalevaluation of solar distillation under natural circulation with heat exchanger . Energ. Convers. Manage. , 30 ( 3 ) : 205 – 213 .
  • Tiwari , G. N. and Singh , A. K. 1991a . Thermalefficiency of Double Slope FRP solar distiller: An analyticaland experimental studies . Desalination , 82 ( 1–3 ) : 223 – 232 .
  • Tiwari , G. N. and Singh , A. K. 1991b . Thermalefficiency of evaporative heat loss for open and closed-cycle system . Int. J. of Energ.Res. , 15 : 169 – 177 .
  • Yadav , Y. P. and Kumar , Ashok . 1991 . Transient analyticalinvestigations on single basin solar still with water flow in the basin . Energ. Convers. Manage. , 31 ( 1 ) : 27 – 38 .
  • Tiwari , G. N. , Sumegha , Chetna and Yadav , Y. P. 1991 . Effect of water depth on the transient performance of a double basin solar still . Energ. Convers. Manage. , 32 ( 3 ) : 293 – 301 .
  • Yadav , Y. P. and Prasad , Y. N. 1991 . Parametric investigations on a basin type solar still . Energ. Convers. Manage. , 31 ( 1 ) : 7 – 16 .
  • Kumar , A. , Anand , J. D. and Tiwari , G. N. 1991 . Transient analysis of a double slope-double basin solar distiller . Energ. Convers. and Manage. , 31 ( 2 ) : 129 – 139 .
  • Tiwari , G. N. and Lawrence , S. A. New heat and mass transfer relations for a sol. still . Energ. Convers. Manage. , 31 ( 2 ) 201 – 203 .
  • Mowla , D. and Karimi , G. 1995 . Mathematical modeling of solar stills in Iran . Solar Energy , 55 ( 5 ) : 389 – 393 .
  • Adhikari , R. S. , Kumar , Ashvini and Sootha , G. D. 1995 . Simulation studies on a multistage stacked tray sol. still . Solar Energy , 54 ( 5 ) : 317 – 325. .
  • Shawaqfeh , A. T. and Farid , Mohammed Mehdi . 1995 . New development in the theory of heat and mass transferin solar stills . Solar Energy , 55 ( 6 ) : 527 – 535 .
  • Yaghoubi , M. A. and Sabzevari , A. 1996 . Calculation of the hourly output of a solar still for various cities in Iran . Renew. Energ. , 7 ( 4 ) : 427 – 435 .
  • Aggarwala , S. and Tiwari , G. N. 1998 . Convective mass transferin a double-condensing chamber and a conventional solar still . Desalination , 115 ( 2 ) : 181 – 188 .
  • Suneja , Sangeeta and Tiwari , G. N. 1999 . Effect of water flow on internal heat transfer solar distillation . Energ. Convers. Manage. , 40 ( 5 ) : 509 – 518 .
  • Sanjeev , Kumar and Tiwari , G. N. 1999 . Optimization of design parameters for multi-effect active distillation systems using the Runge-Kutta method . Desalination , 121 ( 1 ) : 87 – 96 .
  • Aggarwala , S. and Tiwari , G. N. 1999 . Thermal modeling of a double condensing chamber solar still: an experimental validation . Energ. Convers. Manage. , 40 ( 1 ) : 97 – 114 .
  • Tripathi , R. and Tiwari , G. N. 2004 . Effect of size and material of a semi-cylindrical condensing cover on heat and mass transfer for distillation . Desalination , 166 : 231 – 241 .
  • Janarthanan , B. , Chandrasekaran , J. and Kumar , S. 2005 . Exaporative heat loss and heat transfer for open and closed–cycle system of a floating titled with solar still . Desalination , 180 : 291 – 305 .
  • Radhwan , Abdulhaly M. 2004 . Transient analysis of a stepped solar still for heating and humidifying greenhouse . Desalination , 161 : 89 – 97 .
  • Ahmed , Omri , Ofri , Jamel and Nasrallah , Sassiben . 2005 . Natural Convection effects in solar stills . Desalination , 183 : 173 – 178 .
  • Tanaka , H. and Nakatake , Yasuhito . 2006 . Theoreticalanalysis of a basin type solar still with internaland external reflectors . Desalination , 197 : 205 – 216 .
  • Voropoulos , K. , Mathioulakis , E. and Belessiots , V. 2003 . Solar still coupled with solar collectors and storage tank–analytical simulation and experimental validation of energy behavior . Sol. Energy , 75 ( 3 ) : 199 – 205 .
  • Mamlook , R. and Badran , Omar . 2007 . Fuzzy sets implementation for the evaluation of factors affecting solar still production . Desalination , 203 : 394 – 407 .
  • Ben Bacha , H. , Damak , T. , Bouzguenda , M. and Malaej , A. Y. 2003 . Experimental validation of the distillation module of a desalination station using the SMCEC Principle . Renew. Energ. , 28 : 2335 – 2354 .
  • Matioulakis , E. and Belessiotis , V. 2003 . Integration of Solar still in a multi source, multi use environment . Sol. Energy , 75 : 403 – 411 .
  • Tanaka , H. and Nakatake , Yasuhito . 2007 . Numericalanalysis of the vertical multiple effect diffusion solar still coupled with a flat plate reflector: optimum reflector angle and optimum orientation of the still at various seasons and locations . Desalination , 207 : 167 – 178 .
  • El-Sebail , A. A. 2005 . Thermal performance of a triple–basin solar still . Desalination , 174 : 23 – 37 .
  • Kazuo , Murase , Tobata , Hiroshi and Toyama , Masayuki Ishikawa shigeki . 2006 . Experimentaland numericalanalysis of a tube–type networked solar still for desert technology . Desalination , 190 : 137 – 146 .
  • Tiwari , A. K. and Tiwari , G. N. 2007 . Thermal modeling based on solar fraction and experimental study of annual and seasonal performance of a single slope passive solar still: The effect of water depths . Desalination , 207 : 184 – 204 .
  • Tanaka , H. and Nakatake , Yasuhito . 2005 . Factors influencing the productivity of a multiple–effect diffusion-type solar still coupled with a flat plate reflector . Desalination , 186 : 299 – 310 .
  • Samee , M. A. , Mirza , Umar K. , Majeed , Tariq and Ahamed , Nasir . 2007 . Design and performance of a single basin solar still . Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , 11 : 543 – 549 .
  • Tsilingiris , P. T. 2008 . Analysis of the and heat and mass transfer processes in solar stills–The validation of a model . Energ. Convers. and Manage. , 49 : 1098 – 1110 .
  • Tochia-Nunez , J. C. , Porta-Gandara , M. A. and Cervantes-de Gortari , J. G. 2008 . Exergy analysis of a passive solar still . Renew. Energ. , 33 : 608 – 616 .
  • Hirosi , Tanaka and Nakatake , Yasuhito . 2009 . Increase in distillate productivity by inclining the flat plate external reflector of a tilted-wick solar stillin winter . Sol. Energ. , 83 ( 6 ) : 785 – 789 .
  • Madhlopa , A. and Johnstone , C. 2009 . Model for computation of solar fraction in a single-slope solar still . Sol. Energy , 83 ( 6 ) : 873 – 882 .
  • Tanaka and Nakatake , Yasuhito . 2009 . One step azimuth tracking tilted-wick solar still with a vertical flat plate reflector . Desalination , 235 : 1 – 8 .
  • Evaluation of a single-basin solar stillusing different absorbing materials . Ren. Energ. , 14 ( 1–4 ) 307 – 310 .
  • Badran Ali , A. , ssat , Loay M. A. , Kayed , Khaled S. , Ghaith , Fadi A. and Hammash , Mohammad I. 2004 . Simulation and experimental study for an inverted trickle solar still . Desalination , 164 : 77 – 85 .
  • Badran , O. O. 2004 . Experimental study of the enhancement parameters on a single slope solar still productivity . Desalination , 209 : 136 – 143 .
  • Delyannis , E. and Delyannis , A. 1966 . Solar applications in desalting . Desalination , 23 ( 1–3 ) April : 541 – 547 .
  • Delyannis , A. and Delyannis , E. 1984 . Solar desalination . Desalination , 50 : 71 – 81 .
  • Delyannis , E. and Delyannis , A. 1983 . Recent solar distillation developments . Desalination , 45 ( 1–3 ) May : 361 – 369 .
  • Engelbrecht , A. P. 2002 . Computational Intelligence: An Introduction , England : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. .
  • Mohammed , Farid and Hamad , Faik . 1991 . Performance of single basin solar still . Renew. Energ. , 31 ( 1 ) : 75 – 83 .
  • Fath , Samy Elsherbiny , Hassan E. S. and Ghazy , Ahmad . 2004 . A naturally circulated humidifying/ dehumidifying solar still with a built – in passive condenser . Desalination , 169 : 129 – 149 .
  • Gomkale , S. D. 1968 . Review of the first conference on water desalination in India . Desalination , 4 ( 1 ) : 131 – 134 .
  • Gomkale , S. D. and Datta , R. L. Some aspects ofinvestigations on Solar Stills . International Congress: The Sun in the Service of Mankind . Paris . July . pp. 2 – 6 . 1973
  • Gomkale , S. D. and Datta , R. L. 1973b . Some aspects of solar distillation for water purification . Sol. Energy , 14 ( 4 ) : 387 – 392 .
  • Gomkale , S. D. and Gokhari , H. D. 1978 . Solar distillation in India . Sun , 3 : 20 – 21 .
  • Gude , V. G. and Nirmalakhandan , N. 2009 . Desalination at low t emperatures and low pressures . Desalination , 244 ( 1–3 ) : 239 – 247 .
  • Gyorgy , M. , Mohamed , M. , Aboabboud and Karmazsin , Etienne . 1998 . Air-blown solar still with heat recycling . Sol. Energy , 62 ( 4 ) : 309 – 317 .
  • Hermann , M. , Koschikowski , J. and Rommel , M. 2002 . Corrosion-free solar collectors for thermally driven seawater desalination . Sol. Energy , 72 ( 5 ) : 415 – 426 .
  • Majumder , N. 1975 . Utilization of solar energy for desalination in India . International Conference on “Appropriate Technologies for Semiarid Areas: Wind and Solar Energy for Water Supply” . September 15–20 1975 , Berlin (West) . pp. 267 – 273 .
  • Murugavel , K. K. , Chockalingam. Kn , K. S. and Sridhar , K. An experimental study on single basin double slope simulation solar still with thin layer of water in the basin . Desalination , 220 ( 1–3 ) 687 – 693 .
  • Murugavel , K. K. , Chockalingam. Kn , K. S. and Sridhar , K. progresses in improving the effectiveness of the single basin passive solar still . Desalination , 220 ( 1–3 ) 677 – 686 .
  • Reali , M. and Modica , G. Solar stills made with tubes for sea water desalting . Desalination , 220 ( 1–3 ) 626 – 632 .
  • Abdallach , Salah , Badran , Omar and Abu. Khader , Mazen M. Performance evaluation of a modified design of a single slope solar still . Desalination , 219 ( 1–3 ) 222 – 230 .
  • Sodha , M. S. , Kumar , A. , Tiwari , G. N. and Tyagi , R. C. 1981 . Simple Multiple wick solar still; . Analysis and performance, Sol. Energy , 26 ( 2 ) : 127 – 131 .
  • Tanaka , H. and Nakatake , Y. 2009b . Increase in distillate productivity by inclining the flat plate external reflector of a tilted-wick solar stillin winter . Sol. Energy , 83 ( 6 ) : 785 – 789 .
  • Tiwari , G. N. and Lawrence , S. A. 1992 . Thermalevaluation of high temperature distillation under an active mode of operation . Desalination , 85 ( 2 ) February : 135 – 145 .
  • Tripathi , R. and Tiwari , G. N. 2006 . Thermal modeling of passing and active solar stills for different depths of water by using the concept of solar fraction . Sol. Energy , 80 : 956 – 967 .
  • Malik , M. A. S. and Tran , Van Vi . 1973 . A simplified mathematical model for predicting the nocturnal output of a solar still . Sol. Energy , 14 ( 4 ) : 371 – 385 .
  • Baum , U. A. , Bayaramov , R. B. and Malevsky , Y. M. The solar stills in the desert . Proc. Int. Solar Energy Congress . Melbourne . pp. 426
  • Cooper , P. I. 1969 . Digital simulation of transient solar still . Sol. Energy , 12 ( 3 ) : 313 – 331 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.