References
- American Geriatric Society (AGS). (2002). The management of persistent pain in older persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,50(Suppl. 6), S205–S224.
- Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). (2007). Older Australia at a glance(4th ed.). Canberra, Australia: Author.
- Australian Nursing Federation (ANF). (2004). Inquiry into aged care. North Sydney, Australia: Available at: http://www.anf.org.au/pdf/ submissions/2004/Sub_Inquiry_into_Aged_ Care.pdf.
- Australian Pain Society (APS). (2005). Pain in residential aged care facilities: Management strategies, North Sydney, Australia.
- Beilin, B., Shavit, Y., Trabekin, E., Mordashev, B., Mayburd, E., Zeidel, A., et al. (2003). The effects of postoperative pain management on immune response to surgery. Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 97(3), 822–827.
- Blomqvist, K. (2003). Older people in persistent pain: Nursing and paramedical staff perceptions and pain management. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41, 575–584.
- Blomqvist, K., & Hallbergh, I. (2002). Managing pain in older persons who receive home-help for their daily living: Perceptions by older persons and care providers. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 16, 319–328.
- Brattberg, G., Parker, M. G., & Thorslund, M. (1996). The prevalence of pain amongst the oldest old in Sweden. Pain, 6, 29–34.
- Brockopp, D., Warden, S., Colclough, G., & Brockopp, G. (1996). Elderly people’s knowledge of and attitudes to pain management. British Journal of Nursing, 5(9), 556–562.
- Campbell, D., Brand, C., Bucknall, T., & Copnell, , (2003). Review of acute pain management in Victoria. Melbourne, Australia: Victorian Quality Council. Retrieved May 18, 2010, from http://www.health.vic.gov.au/qualitycouncil/ pub/improve/index.htm
- Carr, E. (2002). Refusing analgesics: using continuous improvement to improve pain management on a surgical ward. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 11, 743–752.
- Chodosh, J., Ferrell, B., Shekelle, M., & Wegner, M., (2001). Quality indicators for pain management in vulnerable elders. Annals of Internal Medicine, 135(8), 731–735.
- Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. Los Angeles: Sage.
- Gibson, S. J., & Helme, R. D. (1995). Age differences in pain perception and report: A review of physiological, psychological, laboratory and clinical studies. Pain Reviews, 2, 111–137.
- Gibson, S. J., & Helme, R. D. (2000). Cognitive factors and the experience of pain and suffering in older persons. Pain, 85, 375–383.
- Gloth, F. M. (2001). Principles of perioperative pain management in older adults. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 17(3), 553–573.
- Green, C. R., Anderson, K. O., Baker, T. A., Campbell, L. C., Deker, S., Fillingim, R. B., et al. (2003). The unequal burden of pain: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in pain. Pain Medicine, 4(3), p. 277–294.
- Herr, K., Bjoro, K., Steffensmeier, J., Rakel, B., & Titler, M. (Series Eds.). (2006). Acute pain management in older adults. Evidenced based practice guideline. The University of Iowa College of Nursing Interventions Research Center Research Translation and Dissemination Core Written 06/00, Revised 07/06.
- Herr, K., & Garand, L. (2001). Assessment and measurement of pain in older adults. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 17(3), 457–478.
- Hofland, S. L. (1992). Elder beliefs: Blocks to pain management. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 18, 19–24.
- Højsted, J., & Sjøgren, P. (2007). Addiction to opioids in chronic pain patients: A literature review. European Journal of Pain, 11(5), 490–518.
- Idval, E., & Ehrenberg, A. (2002). Nursing documentation of postoperative pain management. Journal of Clinical Nursing 11, 734–742.
- International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP). (2006). Call for Action: 2006–2007 Global Year Against Pain in Older People. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://www. iasppain.org
- Kehlet, H., & Holte, K. (2001). Effect of postoperative analgesia on surgical outcome. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 87(1), 62–72.
- Macintyre, P., Scott, D., Schug, S., Visser, E., & Walker, S. (2010). Acute pain management: Scientific evidence (3rd ed.). Canberra, Australia: Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists and the Faculty of Pain Medicine. Retrieved May 18, 2010, from http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/publications/synop- ses/cp104syn.htm.
- MacIntyre, P. E., Upton, R. N., & Ludbrook, G. L. Acute pain management in the elderly patient. In D. J. Rowbotham & P. E. Macintyre (Eds.), Acute pain: Clinical management (pp. 117–136). London: Arnold.
- Murray, G., Judd, F., Jackson, H., Fraser, C., Komiti, A., Pattison, P., et al. (2008). Big boys don’t cry: An investigation of stoicism and its mental health outcomes. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(6), 1369–1381.
- Phelan, C., Hodson, F., & Douglas, J. (Eds.). (2009). Pain assessment and management of the older person in the acute care setting [Draft 1].Newcastle, Australia: Hunter Integrated Pain Service and the Division of Medicine, John Hunter Hospital.
- Potter, V., Wiseman, C., Dunn, S., & Boyle, F. Patient barriers to optimal cancer pain control. Psycho-oncology, 12, 153–160.
- Prowse, M. (2006). Postoperative pain in older people: A review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16, 84–97.
- Stein, W. M., & Ferrell, B. A. (1996). Pain in the nursing home. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 12(3), 601–613.
- Strassels, S., Chen, C., & Carr, D. (2002). Postoperative analgesia: Economics, resources use, and patient satisfaction in an urban teaching hospital. Anesthetics and Analgesia, 94, 130–137.
- Tait, R., & Chibnall, J. (2002). Pain in older subacute care patients: Associations with clinical status and treatment. Pain Medicine, 3, 231–239.
- Wakefield, A. B. (1995). Pain: An account of nurses’ talk. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21(5), 905–910.
- Walker, J. M. (1994). Caring for elderly people with persistent pain in the community: A qualitative perspective on the attitudes of patients and nurses. Health and Social Care, 2(4), 221–228.
- Walker, J. M., Akinsanya, J. A., Davis, B. D., & Marcer, D. (1990). The nursing management of elderly patients with pain in the community: Study and recommendations. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 15, 1154–1161.
- Weissman, D. E., & Matson, S. (1999). Pain assessment and management in the long term care setting. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, 20 (1), 31–43.
- Wells, N., Kaas, M., & Feldt, K. (1997). Managing pain in the institutionalized elderly: The nursing role. In D. I. Mostofsky & J. L. Lomranz (Eds.), Handbook of pain and aging (pp. 129–151). New York: Plenum Press.
- Yates, P., Dewar, A., & Fentiman, B. (1995). Pain: The views of elderly people living in long-term residential care settings. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21(4), 667–674.
- Yates, P., Edwards, H., Fentiman, B., Najman, J., Nash, R., Richardson, V., et al. (1998). The prevalence of pain amongst hospital in patients. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 7, 521–530.
- Yates, P., Edwards, H., Nash, R., Walsh, A., Fentiman, B., Skerman, H., et al. (2002). Barriers to effective cancer pain management: A survey of hospitalized cancer patients in Australia. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 23(5), 393–405.