Self-support for drug users in the context of harm reduction policy: A lay expertise defined by drug users’ life skills and citizenship

References

• Ahern, J.; Stuber, J.; and Galea, S. (2007) ‘Stigma, discrimination and the health of drug users’ Drug and Alcohol Dependence 88:188–196.
   Google Scholar
• Albrecht, G.; Ravaud, J-F.; and Stiker, H-J. (2001) ‘L’émergence des disabilities studies: État des lieux et perspectives’ Sciences Sociales et Santé 19:43–76.
   Google Scholar
• Anspach, R. (1979) ‘From stigma to identity politics: Political activism among the physically disabled and former mental patients’ Social Science and Medicine 13A:765–773.
   Google Scholar
• Balian, R. and White, C. (1998) ‘Defining the drug-user’ International Journal of Drug Policy 9:391–396.
   Google Scholar
• Ball, J. and Ross, A. (1991) The Effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Treatment Springer Verlag: New York.
   Google Scholar
• Barbot, J. (2005) ‘How to build an ‘active’ patient? The work of AIDS associations in France’ Social Science and Medicine 62:538–551.
   Google Scholar
• Bergeron, H. (1999) L’Etat et la Toxicomanie Presses Universitaires de France: Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Blendon, R.J. and Young, J.T. (1998) ‘The public and the war on illicit drugs’ Journal of the American Medical Association 279(11):827–832.
   Google Scholar
• Borkman, T. (1997) ‘A selective look at self-help groups in the United States’ Health and Social Care in the Community 5(6):357–364.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. (1984a) Questions de Sociologie Editions de Minuit: Paris, France.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. (1984b) ‘Espace social et génèse des ‘classes”. Actes de la recherche en Sciences Sociales 52–53:4.
   Google Scholar
• Broqua, C. and Jauffret-Roustide, M. (2004) ‘Collective users in the field of AIDS and drug addiction’ Medecine Science 20(4):457–459.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, P. and Zavestoski, S. (2004) ‘Social movements in health: An introduction’ Sociology of Health and Illness 26(6): 679–694.
   Google Scholar
• Chamak, B. (2008) ‘Autism and social movements: French parents’ associations and international autistic individuals’ organizations’ Sociology of Health and Illness 30(1):76–96.
   Google Scholar
• Crofts, N. and Herkt, D. (1995) ‘A history of peer-based drug-user groups in Australia’ The Journal of Drug Issues 25(3):599–616.
   Google Scholar
• Davey-Rothwell, M.A.; Kuramato, S.J.; and Latkin, C.A. (2008) ‘Social networks, norms and 12-step programs’ Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 34(2):185–193.
   Google Scholar
• Defert, D. (1989) ‘Le malade réformateur’ Sida 89(5):14–17.
   Google Scholar
• Dodier, N. (2003) Leçons politiques de l’épidémie de sida Editions de l’EHESS: Paris, France.
   Google Scholar
• Edwards, J. and Cheers, B. (2007) ‘Is social capital good for everyone? The case of same-sex attracted women in rural South Australian communities’ Health Sociology Review 16(3–4):226–236.
   Google Scholar
• Ehrenberg, A. (1998) La fatigue d’être soi Odile Jacob: Paris, France.
   Google Scholar
• Ehrenberg, A. (2004) ‘Les changements de la relation normal-pathologique’ À propos de la souffrance psychologique et de la santé mentale. Esprit 5:133–156.
   Google Scholar
• Emmanuelli, J. and Desenclos, J.C. (2005) ‘Harm reduction interventions, behaviours and associated health outcomes in France, 1996–2003’ Addiction 100:1690–1700.
   Google Scholar
• Epstein, S. (1995) ‘The construction of lay expertise: AIDS activism and the forging of credibility in the reform of clinical trials’ Science, Technology and Human Values 20(4):408–437.
   Google Scholar
• Epstein, S. (1996) Impure Science. Aids, Activism and the Politics of Knowledge University of California Press: Los Angeles.
   Google Scholar
• Erickson, P.G. (1995) ‘Harm reduction: What it is and what it is not’ Drug and Alcohol Review 14:283–285.
   Google Scholar
• Ezard, N. (2001) ‘Public health, human rights and the harm reduction paradigm: From harm reduction to vulnerability reduction’ International Journal of Drug Policy 12:207–219.
   Google Scholar
• Fraser, S. and Moore, D. (2008) ‘Dazzled by unity? Order and chaos in public discourse on illicit drug use’ Social Science and Medicine 66:740–752.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, S.R. (1993) ‘Going beyond education to mobilizing subcultural change’ International Journal of Drug Policy 4:91–95.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, S.R. (1996) ‘Theoretical bases for understanding drug users’ organizations’ International Journal of Drug Policy 7:212–219.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, S.R. (1998) ‘The political economy of drug-user scapegoating–and the philosophy and politics of resistance’ Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 5(1):15–32.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, S.R.; Des Jarlais, D.C.; and Sotheran, J.L. (1987) ‘AIDS and self-organizations among intravenous drug-users’ International Journal of the Addictions 22:201–219.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, S.R.; de Jong, W.; and Des Jarlais, D.C. (1990) ‘Organizing Intravenous Drug Users for AIDS Prevention’ in Platt, J.J.; Kaplan, D.C.; and McKim, P.J. (eds) The Effectiveness of Drug Abuse Treatment: Dutch and American Perspectives Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company: Malabar Florida, pp. 315-330.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, S.R.; de Jong, W.; and Des Jarlais, D.C. (1992) ‘Problems of Dynamics of Organizing Intravenous Drug Users for AIDS Prevention’ Health Education Research 3:49–57.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, S.R.; de Jong, W.; and Wodak, A. (1993) ‘Community development as a response to HIV among drug injectors’ Current Science 7(1):263–269.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, S.R.; Southwell, M.; Bueno, R.; Paone, D.; Byrne, J.; and Crofts, N. (2001a) ‘Harm reduction – a historical view from the left’ International Journal of Drug Policy 12:3–14.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, SR.; Southwell, M.; Crofts, N.; Paone, D. ; Byrne, J.; and Bueno, R. (2001b) ‘Harm reduction – a historical view from the left: a response to commentaries’ International Journal of Drug Policy 12: 259-263.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, S.R.; de Jong, W.; Rossi, D.; Touzé, G.; Rockwell, R.; Des Jarlais, D.C.; and Elovich, R. (2006) ‘Harm reduction theory: Users’ culture, micro-social indigenous harm reduction, and the self-organization and outside-organizing of users’ groups’ International Journal of Drug Policy 18(2):107–117.
   Google Scholar
• Gamson, J. (1989) ‘Silence, death and the invisible enemy: Aids activism and social movement newness’ Social Problems 36(4):351–367.
   Google Scholar
• Grund, J.P. (1993) Drug Use as a Social Ritual: Functionality, Symbolism and Determinants of Self Regulation Erasmus Universiteiits Drukkerij: Rotterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Hathaway, A.D. (2001) ‘Shortcomings of harm reduction. Towards a morally invested drug reform strategy’ International Journal of Drug Policy 12:125–137.
   Google Scholar
• Henman, A.R.; Paone, D.; Des Jarlais, D.C.; Kochems, L.M.; and Friedman, S.R. (1998) ‘Injection drug users as social actors: A stigmatized community’s participation in the syringe exchange programs of New York City’ AIDS Care 10(4):397–408.
   Google Scholar
• Hunt, N. (2004) ‘Public health or human rights: What comes first?’ International Journal of Drug Policy 15:231–237.
   Google Scholar
• Ingold, F.R. (1988) Les effets de la libéralisation de la vente des seringues: rapport d’évaluation, IREP, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Ingold, F.R. (1992) La transmission du VIH chez les toxicomanes. Pratiques, attitudes et représentations: situation et tendances, IREP, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Ingold, F.R. (1996) Etude multicentrique sur les attitudes et les comportements des toxicomanes face au risque de contamination par le VIH et les virus de l’hépatite B et C. IREP, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobson, P.D. and Soliman, S. (2002) ‘Co-opting the health and human rights movements’ Journal of Law Medicine and Ethics 30(4):705.
   Google Scholar
• Jauffret, M. (2000) ‘La réduction des risques: enjeux autour d’une mobilisation collective Mana’ Revue de Sociologie et d’Anthropologie 8:161–188.
   Google Scholar
• Jauffret-Roustide, M. (2004) Les Drogues: Approche Sociologique, Economique et Politique, La Documentation Française: Paris.
   Google Scholar
• de Jong, W. (1990) ‘AIDS and self-organization of drug users in the Netherlands’ in Platt, J.J.; Kaplan, D.C.; and McKim, P.J. (eds) The Effectiveness Of Drug Abuse Treatment: Dutch And American Perspectives Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company: Malabar Florida, USA, pp. 303–313.
   Google Scholar
• Katz, A.H. (1979) ‘Self-help health groups: some clarifications’ Social Science of Medicine 13A:491–494.
   Google Scholar
• Katz, A.H. and Bender, E.I. (1976) ‘Selfhelp groups in Western society: History and prospects’ The Journal of Applied Behavioural Science 12:265–282.
   Google Scholar
• Keane, H. (2003) ‘Critiques of harm reduction, morality and the promise of human rights’ International Journal of Drug Policy 14:227–232.
   Google Scholar
• Kleinig, J. (2004) ‘Ethical issues of substance use interventions’ Substance Use and Misuse 40:3.
   Google Scholar
• Landzerius, K. (2005) ‘Introduction: patient organization movements and new metamorphoses in patienthood’ Social Science and Medicine 62:529–537.
   Google Scholar
• Mathieu, L. (2001) Mobilisations de Prostituées Belin: Paris, France.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, P. (2001) ‘A critical review of the harm minimisation ideology in Australia’ Critical Public Health 11(2):167–178.
   Google Scholar
• Moore, D. and Fraser, S. (2006) ‘Putting at risk what we know: reflecting on the drug-using subject in harm reduction and its political implications’ Social Science and Medicine 62:3035–3047.
   Google Scholar
• Moore, L.D. and Wenger, L.D. (1995) ‘The social context of needle exchange and user self-organisation in San Francisco: Possibilities and pitfalls’ The Journal of Drug Issues 25(3):583–598.
   Google Scholar
• Nurco, D.N. (1981) ‘The self-help movement and narcotics addicts’ American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 8(2):139–151.
   Google Scholar
• O’Hare, P.; Newcombe, P.; Matthews, A.; Buning, E.; and Drucker, E. (eds) (1992) The Reduction Of Drug-Related Harm Routledge: London, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Patouillard, V. (1998) ‘Une Colère Politique. L’usage Du Corps Dans Une Situation Exceptionnelle: Le Zap d’Act-Up Paris’ Sociétés Contemporaines 31:15–30.
   Google Scholar
• Pinell, P.; Broqua, C.; De Buscher, P.O.; Jauffret, M.; and Thiaudière, C. (2002) Une Epidémie Politique. La Lutte Contre Le Sida en France (1981–1996) Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, France.
   Google Scholar
• Piven, F.F. and Cloward, R.A. (1977) Poor People’s Movement: Why They Succeed, How They Fail Vintage: New York.
   Google Scholar
• Pollak, M. (1993) Une Identité Blessée Métaillé: Paris, France.
   Google Scholar
• Prior, L. (2003) ‘Belief, knowledge and expertise: The emergence of the lay expert in medical sociology’ Sociology of Health and Illness 25:41–57.
   Google Scholar
• Rabeharisoa, V. (2006) ‘From representation to mediation: The shaping of collective mobilisation on muscular dystrophy in France’ Social Science and Medicine 62:564–576.
   Google Scholar
• Rhodes, T. (1994) ‘HIV outreach, peer education and community change: Developments and dilemmas’ Health Education Journal 53:92–99.
   Google Scholar
• Riley, D.; Sawka, E.; Conley, P.; Hewitt, D.; Mitic, W.; Poulin, C.; Room, R.; Single, E.; and Topp, J. (1999) ‘Harm reduction: Concepts and practice. A policy discussion paper’ Substance Use and Misuse 34(1):9–24.
   Google Scholar
• Snow, D.; Rochford, B.; Worden, S.; and Benford, R. (1986) ‘Frame alignments, processes, micromobilization, and movement participation’ American Sociological Review 51:464–481.
   Google Scholar
• Stimson, G.V. and Donoghoe, M.C. (1996) ‘Health promotion and the facilitation of individual change. The case of syringe distribution and exchange’ in Rhodes, T. and Hartnoll, R. (eds) AIDS, Drugs And Prevention: Perspectives On Individual And Community Action Routledge: London, UK, pp. 10–21.
   Google Scholar
• Thorpe, R. (2008) ‘Integrating biomedical and CAM approaches: The experiences of people living with HIV/AIDS’ Health Sociology Review 17(4):410–418.
   Google Scholar
• Trautmann, F. (1995) ‘Peer support as a method of harm reduction in injecting druguser communities: Experiences in Dutch projects and the European peer support project’ The Journal of Drug Issues 25(3):617–628.
   Google Scholar
• Wallace, R.J. (1999) ‘Addiction as a defect of the will: Some philosophical reflections’ Law and Philosophy 18:621–654.
   Google Scholar
• Wodak, A. (1993) ‘Organisations of injecting drugusers in Australia’ International Journal of Drug Policy 4:96–97.
   Google Scholar
• Young, M.; Stuber, J.; Ahern, J.; and Galea, S. (2005) ‘Interpersonal discrimination and the health of illicit drug users’ The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 31:371–391.
   Google Scholar