The employment of people with mental illness

References

• Hughes, R. (1999). Psychosocial rehabilitation: new protocols, ethics and outcomes. International Journal of Mental Health, 28(1), 3–33.
   Google Scholar
• Waghorn, G., Chant, D., & Whiteford, H. (2002). Clinical and non-clinical predictors of vocational recovery for Australians with psychotic disorders. The Journal of Rehabilitation, 68(4), 40–51.
   Google Scholar
• Waghorn, G., Chant, D., White, P., & Whiteford, H. (2004). Delineating disability, labour force participation and employment restrictions among persons with psychosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109, 279–288.
   Google Scholar
• Commonwealth Department of Family and Community Services. (2002). Case Based Funding Trial Evaluation. Interim Report. Canberra: Australian Government. Department of Family and Community Services.
   Google Scholar
• Harnois, G., & Gabriel, P. (2000). Mental health and Work: Impact Issues and Good Practices. Geneva: World Health Organization and International Labour Organisation.
   Google Scholar
• Boardman, J., Grove, B., Perkins, R., & Shepherd, G. (2003). Work and employment for people with psychiatric disabilities. British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, 467–468.
   Google Scholar
• Corrigan, P.W. (2003). Beat the stigma: come out of the closet. Psychiatric Services, 54(10), 1313.
   Google Scholar
• Whiteford, H.A. & Buckingham, W.J. (2005). Ten years of mental health service reform in Australia: are we getting it right? Medical Journal of Australia, 182(8), 396–400.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Health Ministers. (2003). National Mental Health Plan, 2003–2008. Canberra: Australian Government.
   Google Scholar
• Whiteford, H.A., Buckingham, B., & Manderscheid, R. (2002). Australia’s National mental Health Strategy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180:210–215.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Health Ministers (2002). Evaluation of the Second National Mental Health Plan. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing.
   Google Scholar
• Betts, V.T., & Thornicroft, G. (2001). International Mid-Term Review of the Second National Mental Health Plan for Australia. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care.
   Google Scholar
• Mental Health Forum on Intersectoral Linkages: (1995). Report to Health, Housing and Community Services Ministers. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health.
   Google Scholar
• Whiteford, H.A. (1994). Intersectoral policy reform is critical to the National Mental Health Strategy. Australian Journal of Public Health, 18, 342–344.
   Google Scholar
• Office of the Public Advocate - Queensland. (2004). Annual Report 2003–2004. Brisbane: Queensland Government.
   Google Scholar
• Waghorn, G. & King, R. (1999). Australian trends in vocational rehabilitation for psychiatric disability. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 13(3), 153–163.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, (4th Ed.). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (1993). International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), (10th Ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Bond, G. (1998). Principles of the Individual Placement and Support model: empirical support. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22(1), 11–23.
   Google Scholar
• Bond, G. (2004). Supported Employment: evidence for an evidence-based practice. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 27(4), 345–359.
   Google Scholar
• Bond, G.R., Becker, D.R., Drake, R.E., Rapp, C.A., Meisler, N., Lehman, A.F., Bell, M.D., & Blyler, C.R. (2001). Implementing supported employment as an evidenced based practice. Psychiatric Services, 52, 313–322.
   Google Scholar
• Bond, G.R., Dietzen, L.L., McGrew, J.H., & Miller, L.D. (1995). Accelerated entry into supported employment for persons with severe psychiatric disabilities. Rehabilitation Psychology, 40(2), 75–94.
   Google Scholar
• Morrow, L., Verins, I., & Willis, E. (2002). Mental Health and Work Issues and Perspectives. Adelaide: Auseinet - The Australian Network for Promotion, Prevention and Early Intervention for Mental Health.
   Google Scholar
• Mathers, C., Vos, T., Stevenson, C. & Begg, S.J. (2000). The Australian burden of disease study: Measuring the loss of health from diseases, injuries and risk factors. Medical Journal of Australia, 172, 592–596.
   Google Scholar
• Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2003). Policy Brief. Economic Survey of Australia. Geneva: OECD Economic and Development Review Committee.
   Google Scholar
• Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development. (2003). Ageing Societies and the Looming Pension Crisis – Background Reading. Geneva: OECD Economic and Development Review Committee.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Government. (2002). 2002–03 Budget Paper No. 5. Intergenerational Report 2002–03. Canberra: Australian Government.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. (1999). Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia. Technical Paper. Confidentialized Unit Record File 1998. Canberra: Commonwealth Government.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. (1998). Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia. Summary of Findings, cat. no. 4430.0. Canberra: Australian Government.
   Google Scholar
• Waghorn, G, & Chant, D. (in press) Employment restrictions among persons with ICD-10 anxiety disorders: characteristics from a population survey. Journal of Anxiety Disorders.
   Google Scholar
• Waghorn, G, Chant, D., White, P., & Whiteford, H. (2005). Disability, employment and work performance among persons with ICD-10 anxiety disorders. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 39(1), 55–66.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. (1998). Mental Health and Wellbeing. Profile of Adults. Cat no. 4326.0. Canberra: Commonwealth Government.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews, G., Hall, W., Teesson, M., & Henderson, S. (1999). The Mental Health of Australians. National Survey of Mental Mealth and Wellbeing. Report 2. Canberra: Mental Health Branch, Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care.
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, S., Andrews, G. & Hall, W. (2000). Australia’s mental health: an overview of the general population survey, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 34, 197–205.
   Google Scholar
• Meltzer, H., Gill, B., Pettigrew, M. & Hinds, K. (1995). OPCS Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity in Great Britain. Report 1. The Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidity Among Adults Living in Private Households. London: OPCS Social Surveys Division, HMSO.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler, R.C., McGonagh, KA, Zhao, S., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., Wittchen, U. & Kendler, K.S. (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-II-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 8–19.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews, G., & Hunt, C. (1995). Treatments that work in anxiety disorders. Medical Journal of Australia, 168, 628–634.
   Google Scholar
• Barlow, D.H. (Ed). (1993). Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders. (2nd Ed.). Chap. 1–5. New York: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler R., & Frank R. (1997). The Impact of Psychiatric Disorders on Work Loss Days. Psychological Medicine, 27, 861–873.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler, R.C., Greenberg, P.E., Mickelson, K.D., Meneades, L.M., & Wang, P.S. (2001). The effects of chronic medical conditions on work loss and work cutback. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 43, 218–225.
   Google Scholar
• Conti, D.J., & Burton, W.N. (1994). The economic impact of depression in a workplace. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 36, 983–988.
   Google Scholar
• Claxton, A.J., Chawla, A.J., & Kennedy, S. (1999). Absenteeism among workers treated for depression. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 41(7), 605–11.
   Google Scholar
• Simon, G.E., Chisholm, D., Treglia, M., et al. (2002). Course of depression, health services costs, and work productivity in an international primary care study. General Hospital Psychiatry, 24, 328–335
   Google Scholar
• Lim, D., Sanderson, K., & Andrews, G. (2000). Lost productivity among full-time workers with mental disorders. The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 3, 139–146.
   Google Scholar
• Lerner, D., Adler, D.A., Chang, H., et al. (2004). Unemployment, job retention, and productivity loss among employees with depression. Psychiatric Services, 55(12), 1371–1378.
   Google Scholar
• Whooley, M.A., Kiefe, C.I., Chesney, M.A., Markovitz, J.H., Matthews K., & Hulley, S.B. (2002). Depressive symptoms, unemployment and loss of income. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162, 2614–2620.
   Google Scholar
• Jablensky, A., McGrath, J., Herrman, H., Castle, D., Gureje, O., Morgan, V., & Korten, A. (1999). National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Report 4. People Living with Psychotic Illness: An Australian Study. Canberra: Mental Health Branch. Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care.
   Google Scholar
• Harding, C.M., Brooks, G.W., Ashikaga, T., Strauss, J.S., & Breier, A. (1987). The Vermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mental illness, II: Long term outcome of subjects who retrospectively met DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 727–735.
   Google Scholar
• Lehman, A.F., Goldberg, R., Dixon, L.B., McNary, S., Postrado, L., Hackman, A. & McDonnell, K. (2002). Improving employment outcomes for persons with severe mental illness. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(Feb), 165–172.
   Google Scholar
• Beard, J.H., Propst, R.N., & Malamud, T.J. (1982). Fountain House model of psychiatric rehabilitation. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 5, 47–53.
   Google Scholar
• Waghorn, G., & Chant, D. (unpublished) Labour force activity by people with depression and anxiety disorders: a population level second order analysis. (Manuscript in review).
   Google Scholar
• Mueser, K.T., Salyers, M.P., & Mueser, P.R. (2001). A prospective analysis of work in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 27, 281–296.
   Google Scholar
• Mechanic, D., Bilder, S., & McAlpine, D.D. (2002). Employment of persons with serious mental illness. Health Affairs, 21(5), 242–249.
   Google Scholar
• Waghorn, G., Still, M., Chant, D., & Whiteford, H. (2004). Specialised supported education for Australians with psychotic disorders. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 39, 443–458.
   Google Scholar
• Frost, B., Carr, V., & Halpin, S. (2002). Employment and Psychosis. Bulletin 3. Low Prevalence Disorder Component of the National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing.
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter, W.T., & Strauss, J.S. (1991). The prediction of outcome in schizophrenia IV: eleven-year follow-up of the Washington IPSS cohort. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 179(9), 517–525.
   Google Scholar
• Davidson, L., & McGlashan, T.H. (1997). The varied outcomes of schizophrenia. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 42(1), 34–43.
   Google Scholar
• Marengo, J. (1994). Classifying the courses of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20(3), 519–536.
   Google Scholar
• Mason, P., Harrison, G., Glazebrook, C., Medley, I., Dalkin, T., & Croudace, T. (1995). Characteristics of outcome in schizophrenia at 13 years. British Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 596–603.
   Google Scholar
• Strauss, J.S., Hafez, H., Lieberman, P., & Harding, C.M. (1985). The course of psychiatric disorder, III: Longitudinal principles. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 289–296.
   Google Scholar
• Thara, R., Henrietta, M., Joseph, A., Rajkumar, S., & Eaton, W.W. (1994). Ten-year course of schizophrenia - the Madras longitudinal study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 90, 329–336.
   Google Scholar
• Andresen, R., Oades, L., & Caputi, P. (2003). The experience of recovery from schizophrenia: towards an empirically validated stage model. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 37, 586–594.
   Google Scholar
• Liberman, R.P., Kopelowicz, A., Ventura, J., & Gutkind, D. (2002). Operational criteria and factors related to recovery from schizophrenia. International Review of Psychiatry, 14, 256–272.
   Google Scholar
• Meddings, S., & Perkins, R. (2002). What ‘getting better’ means to staff and users of a rehabilitation service: An exploratory study. Journal of Mental Health, 11, 319–325.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, J.A. (1995). Work is key to recovery. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 18(4), 5–10.
   Google Scholar
• Auslander, L.A., & Jeste, D.V. (2002). Perceptions of problems and needs for service among middle aged and elderly outpatients with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Community Mental Health Journal, 38, 391–402.
   Google Scholar
• McQuilken, M., Zahniser, J.H., Novak, J., Starks, R.D., Olmos, A., & Bond, G.R. (2003). The Work Project Survey: Consumer perspectives on work. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 18, 59–68.
   Google Scholar
• Rowland, L.A., & Perkins, R.E. (1988). You can’t eat, drink or make love eight hours a day: the value of work in psychiatry - a personal view. Health Trends, 20, 75–79.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, E.P., Shumway, M., & Owen, R.R. (2002). Priorities of consumers, providers and family members in the treatment of schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 53, 724–729.
   Google Scholar
• Honey, A. (2000). Psychiatric Vocational Rehabilitation: Where are the customers’ views? Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 23(3), 270–279.
   Google Scholar
• Honey, A. (2002). Menta Illness and Employment: Personal Perspectives. Thesis. School of Occupation and Leisure Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney.
   Google Scholar
• Honey, A. (2003). The impact of mental illness on employment: consumers’ perspectives. Work, 20, 267–276.
   Google Scholar
• Kirsh, B. (1996). Influences on the process of work integration: the consumer perspective. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 15, 21–37.
   Google Scholar
• Kirsh, B. (2000). Work, workers and workplace: a qualitative analysis of narratives of mental health consumers. Journal of Rehabilitation, 66(4), 24–30.
   Google Scholar
• Strong, S. (1998). Meaningful work in supportive environments: experiences with the recovery process. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 52(1), 31–38.
   Google Scholar
• Waghorn, G., & Lewis, S. (2002). Disclosure of psychiatric disabilities in vocational rehabilitation. Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling, 8, 67–80.
   Google Scholar
• Wolfensberger, W. (2000). A brief overview of social role valorization. Mental Retardation, 38(2), 105–123.
   Google Scholar
• Laird, M., & Krown, S. (1991). Evaluation of a transitional employment program. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 15(1), 3–8.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dongen, C.J. (1996). Quality of life and self-esteem in working and non-working persons with mental illness. Community Mental Health Journal, 32(6), 535–548.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, M.D., Milstein, R.M., & Licker, P.H. (1993). Pay as an incentive in work participation by patients with severe mental illness. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 44, 684–6.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, M.D., Lysaker, P.H., & Milstein, R.M. (1996). Clinical benefits of paid work activity in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 22(1), 51–67.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, E.S., Anthony, W.A., Cohen, M., & Davies, R.R. (1997). Prediction of vocational outcome based on clinical and demographic predictors among vocationally ready clients. Community Mental Health Journal, 33(2), 99–112.
   Google Scholar
• Lysaker, P.H., Bell, M.D., & Bioty, M.S. (1995). Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Prediction of symptom change for participants in work rehabilitation. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 183(5), 332–336.
   Google Scholar
• McDonald, B. (2000). Psychiatric Disability and Vocational Rehabilitation. An Analysis of Outcomes Using the Behaviour and Symptom Identification Scale (BASIS-32). Masters Thesis. Brisbane: The University of Queensland.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2001). The World Health Report: 2001: Mental Health: New Understanding, New Hope. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Spillane, R. (1999). Australian managers’ attitudes to mental illness. Journal of Occupational Health and Safety, 15(4), 359–364.
   Google Scholar
• McHugo, G.J., Drake, R.E., & Becker, D.R. (1998). The durability of supported employment effects. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22(1), 55–61.
   Google Scholar
• Xie, H., Dain, B.J., Becker, D.R., & Drake, R.E. (1997). Job tenure among people with severe mental illness. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 40(4), 230–239.
   Google Scholar
• Bond, G., Resnick, S.R., Drake, R.E., Xie, H., McHugo, G.J., & Bebout, R.R. (2001). Does competitive employment improve non-vocational outcomes for people with severe mental illness? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 489–501.
   Google Scholar
• Mueser, K.T., Becker, D.R., Torrey, W.C., Xie, H., Bond, G., Drake, R., & Dain, B. (1997). Work and nonvocational domains of functioning in persons with severe mental illness: a longitudinal analysis. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185(7), 419–426.
   Google Scholar
• Commonwealth Department of Employment and Workplace Relations. (2004). Job Network Disability Support Pension Pilot: Interim evaluation report. Canberra: Employment Analysis and Evaluation Group, Evaluation and Programme Performance Branch, Australian Government.
   Google Scholar
• Mowbray, C., Collins, M., & Bybee, D. (1999). Supported education for individuals with psychiatric disabilities: Long-term outcomes from an experimental study. Social Work Research, 23, 89–100.
   Google Scholar
• Mowbray, C., Bybee, D., & Collins, M. (2001). Follow-up client satisfaction in a supported education program. Psychiatric Rehabilitaion Journal, 24, 237–247.
   Google Scholar
• Mowbray, C., & Megivern, D. (1999). Higher education and rehabilitation for people with psychiatric disabilities. Journal of Rehabilitation, 65, 31–38.
   Google Scholar
• Jaeger, J., Berns, S.M., & Czobor, P. (2003). The Multidimensional Scale of Independent Functioning: A new instrument for measuring functional disability in psychiatric populations. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 29, 153–167.
   Google Scholar
• Waghorn, G., Chant, D., & King, R. (In press-b). Classifying socially-valued role functioning among community residents with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Journal of Community Psychology.
   Google Scholar
• Anthony, W.A. (1994). Characteristics of people with psychiatric disabilities that are predictive of entry into the rehabilitation process and successful employment. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 17(3), 3–13.
   Google Scholar
• Rutman, I.D. (1994). How psychiatric disability expresses itself as a barrier to employment. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 17(3), 15–35.
   Google Scholar
• McGurk, S.R., & Meltzer, H.Y. (2000). The role of cognition in vocational functioning in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 45, 175–184.
   Google Scholar
• Silverstein, S.M., Schenkel, L.S., Valone, C., & Nuernberger, S.W. (1998). Cognitive deficits and psychiatric rehabilitation outcomes in schizophrenia. Psychiatric Quarterly, 69(3), 169–191.
   Google Scholar
• Tsang, H., Lam, P., Ng, B., & Leung, O. (2000). Predictors of employment outcome for people with psychiatric disabilities: a review of the literature since the mid 80s. Journal of Rehabilitation, 66(2), 19–31.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, M., & Bryson, G. (2001). Work rehabilitation in schizophrenia: Does cognitive impairment limit improvement? Schizophrenia Bulletin, 27(2), 269–279.
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg, R., Lucksted, A., McNary, S., Gold, J., Dixon, L., & Lehman, A. (2001). Correlates of long-term unemployment among inner-city adults with serious and persistent mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 52(1), 101–103.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, R. (2004). Should cognitive deficit be a diagnostic criterion for schizophrenia? Journal of Psychiatry Neuroscience, 29(2), 102–113.
   Google Scholar
• Green, M.F. (1993). Cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: is it time yet? American Journal of Psychiatry, 150(2), 178–187.
   Google Scholar
• Green, M.F. (1996). What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia? American Journal of Psychiatry, 153(3), 321–330.
   Google Scholar
• Cole, C., & McGeary, S. (1991). Evaluating psychological and cognitive factors in the psychiatrically challenged worker. Work, 1(3), 19–31.
   Google Scholar
• Anthony, W.A., & Jansen, M.A. (1984). Predicting the vocational capacity of the chronically mentally ill. American Psychologist, 5, 537–544.
   Google Scholar
• Waghorn, G, & Chant, D. (In press). Employment restrictions among persons with ICD-10 anxiety disorders: characteristics from a population survey. Journal of Anxiety Disorders.
   Google Scholar
• Gold, J.M., Goldberg, R.W., McNary, S.W., Dixon, L.B., & Lehman, A.F. (2002). Cognitive correlates of job tenure among patients with severe mental illness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 1395–1402.
   Google Scholar
• McGurk, S.R., & Mueser, K.T. (2003). Cognitive functioning and employment in severe mental illness. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 191, 789–798.
   Google Scholar
• McGurk, S.R., Mueser, K.T., Harvey, P.D., La Puglia, R., & Marder, J. (2003). Cognitive and symptom predictors of work outcomes for clients with schizophrenia in supported employment. Psychiatric Services, 54, 1129–1135.
   Google Scholar
• Vauth, R., Rusch, N., Wirtz, M., & Corrigan, P.W. (2004). Does social cognition influence the relation between neurocognitive deficits and vocational functioning in schizophrenia? Psychiatry Research, 128, 155–165.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, H., Kupper, Z., & Kunz, B. (1998). Predicting schizophrenic outpatients’ behavior by symptomology and social skills. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 186, 214–222.
   Google Scholar
• Tsang, W.H., & Pearson, V. (1996). A conceptual framework for work-related social skills in psychiatric rehabilitation. The Journal of Rehabilitation, 62(3), 61–67.
   Google Scholar
• Andreasen, N. (1984). Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). Iowa City: University of Iowa.
   Google Scholar
• Andreasen, N.C. (1989). Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). British Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 53–58.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, T.E., Rio, J., Hull, J.W., Hedayat-Harris, A., Goodman, M., & Anthony, D.T. (1997). Differential effects of symptoms on rehabilitation and adjustment in people with schizophrenia. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 21(2), 141–143.
   Google Scholar
• Bryson, G., & Bell, M.D. (2003). Initial and final work performance in schizophrenia: cognitive and symptom predictors. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 191(2), 87–92.
   Google Scholar
• Marwaha, S., & Johnson, S. (2004). Schizophrenia and employment. A review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39, 337–349.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, H., & Kupper, Z. (1996). Patient dynamics in early stages of vocational rehabilitation: a pilot study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 37(3), 216–221.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, H., Kupper, Z., & Kunz, B. (2001). Vocational Rehabilitation in Schizophrenia. New Findings in Outcome Prediction. In H.D. Brenner, & W. Boker (Eds.), The Treatment of Schizophrenia, Status and EmergingTrends. Seattle, WA: Hogrefe & Huber.
   Google Scholar
• Kupper, Z., & Hoffman, H. (2000). Course patterns of psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia patients attending a vocational rehabilitation program. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26(3), 681–698.
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, G., Croudace, T., Mason, P., Glazebrook, C., & Medley, I. (1996). Predicting the long-term outcome of schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine, 26(4), 697–705.
   Google Scholar
• Waghorn, G., Chant, D., & Whiteford, H. (2003). The strength of self-reported course of illness in predicting vocational recovery for persons with schizophrenia. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 18, 33–41.
   Google Scholar
• Hellewell, J.S.E., Kalali, A.H., Langham, S.J., McKellar, J., & Awad, A.G. (1999). Patient satisfaction and acceptability of long-term treatment with quetiapine. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 3, 105–113.
   Google Scholar
• Bustillo, J.R., Lauriello, J., Horan, W.P., & Keith, S.J. (2001). The psychosocial treatment of schizophrenia: an update. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 163–175.
   Google Scholar
• Corrigan, P.W., McCracken, S.G., & Holmes, E.P. (2001). Motivational interviews as goal assessment for persons with psychiatric disability. Community Mental Health Journal, 37(2), 113–122.
   Google Scholar
• Lauriello, J., Bustillo, J., & Keith, S.J. (1999). A critical review of research on psychosocial treatment of schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 46, 1409–1417.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, M., Lysaker, P., & Bryson, G. (2003). A behavioural intervention to improve work performance in schizophrenia: work behaviour inventory feedback. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 18, 43–50.
   Google Scholar
• Anthony, W.A., & Blanch, A. (1987). Supported employment for persons who are psychiatrically disabled: an historical and conceptual perspective. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 11(2), 4–23.
   Google Scholar
• Blankertz, R., & Robinson, S. (1996). Adding a vocational focus to mental health rehabilitation. Psychiatric Services, 47, 1216–1222.
   Google Scholar
• Becker, D., Drake, R., Farabaugh, A., Bond, G. (1996). Job preferences of clients with severe psychiatric disorders participating in supported employment programs. Psychiatric Services, 47, 1223–1226.
   Google Scholar
• Gowdy, E.A., Carlson, L.S., & Rapp, C.A. (2003). Practices differentiating high-performing from lowperforming supported employment programs. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 26, 232–239.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, J., & Repper, J. (2000). Employment, social inclusion and mental health. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 7, 15–24.
   Google Scholar
• Caltruax, D. (2003). Internalized stigma: A barrier to employment for people with mental illness. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 10, 539–543.
   Google Scholar
• Long, E., & Runck, B. (1983). Combating stigma through work for the mentally restored. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 34(1), 19–20.
   Google Scholar
• Murphy, M. (1998). Rejection, stigma, and hope. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22, 185–188.
   Google Scholar
• Ciardiello, J.A., & Bingham, W.C. (1982). The career maturity of schizophrenic clients. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 9, 3–9.
   Google Scholar
• Provencher, H., Gregg, R., Mead, S., & Mueser, K. (2002). The role of work in the recovery of persons with psychiatric disabilities. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 26, 132–144.
   Google Scholar
• Waghorn, G., Chant, D., & King, R. (2005). Work-related subjective experiences among community residents with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 39(4), 88–99.
   Google Scholar
• Mallick, K., Reeves, R., & Dellario, D. (1998). Barriers to community integration for people with severe and persistent disabilities. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22, 175–180.
   Google Scholar
• Waghorn, G., Chant, D., & King, R. (In press-a). Work-related self-efficacy among community residents with psychiatric disabilities. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal.
   Google Scholar
• Ridgway, P., & Rapp, C. (1998). The Active Ingredients in Achieving Competitive Employment for People with Psychiatric Disabilities: A Research Synthesis. Lawrence, Kansas: School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas.
   Google Scholar
• Corrigan, P., Reedy, P., Thadani, D., & Ganet, M. (1995). Correlates of participation and completion in a job club for clients with psychiatric disability. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 39(1), 43–53.
   Google Scholar
• Bond, G. (1994). Vocational rehabilitation. In R.P. Liberman (Ed.), The Handbook of Psychiatric Rehabilitation. New York: McMillan.
   Google Scholar
• Drake, R.E., McHugo, G.J., Becker, D.R., Anthony, W.A., & Clark, R.E. (1996). The New Hampshire study of supported employment for people with severe mental illness. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 391–399.
   Google Scholar
• Drake, R.E., Green, A.I., Mueser, K.T., & Goldman, H.W. (2003). The history of community mental health treatment and rehabilitation for persons with severe mental illness. Community Mental Health Journal, 39(5), 427–438.
   Google Scholar
• Drake, R.E., Becker, D.R., Clark, R.E., & Mueser, K.T. (1999). Research on the Individual Placement and Support model of supported employment. Psychiatric Quarterly, 70, 289–301.
   Google Scholar
• Lucca, A.M., Henry, A.D., Banks, S., Simon, L., & Page, S. (2004). Evaluation of an Individual Placement and Support model program. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 27, 251–257.
   Google Scholar
• Bond, G.R., Becker, D.R., Drake, R.E., Rapp, C.A., Meisler, N., Lehman, A.F., Bell, M.D., & Blyler, C.R. (2001). Implementing supported employment as an evidenced based practice. Psychiatric Services, 52, 313–322.
   Google Scholar
• Mueser, K.T., Clark, R.E., Haines, M., Drake, R.E., McHugo, G, J., Bond, G.R., Essock, S.M., Becker, D.R., Wolfe, R., & Swain, K. (2004). The Hartford study of supported employment for persons with severe mental illness. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 479–490.
   Google Scholar
• Drake, R.E., Becker, D.R., Bond, G.R., & Mueser, K.T. (2003). A process analysis of integrated and nonintegrated approaches to supported employment. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 18, 51–58.
   Google Scholar
• Henry, A.D., Barreira, P., Banks, S., Brown, J., & McKay, C. (2000). A retrospective study of clubhouse based transitional employment. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 24, 344–354.
   Google Scholar
• Becker, D.R., Bebout, R.R., & Drake, R.E. (1998). Job preferences of people with severe mental illness: A replication. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22 (1), 46–50.
   Google Scholar
• Mueser, K.T., Becker, D.R., & Wolfe, R.S. (2001). Supported employment, job preferences, job tenure and satisfaction. Journal of Mental Health, 10, 411–417.
   Google Scholar
• Bilby, R. (1999). Transitional Employment: the most supported of supported employments. The Clubhouse Community Journal, 1, 34–36.
   Google Scholar
• Macias, C., Barreira, P., Alden, M., & Boyd, J. (2001). The ICCD benchmarks for Clubhouses: A practical approach to quality improvement in psychiatric rehabilitation. Psychiatric Services, 52, 207–213.
   Google Scholar
• Dougherty, S., Hastie, C., Bernerd, J., Broadhurst, S., & Marcus, L. (1992). Supported education: a Clubhouse experience. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 16(2), 91–104.
   Google Scholar
• Liberman, R.P., Hilty, D.M., Drake, R.E., & Tsang, H.W.H. (2001). Requirements for multidisciplinary teamwork in psychiatric rehabilitation. Psychiatric Services, 52(10), 1331–1342.
   Google Scholar
• Calsyn, R.J., Morse, G.A., & Allen, G. (1999). Predicting the helping alliance with people with a psychiatric disability. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22(3), 283–287.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, G., David, C., Jellie, B., Podger, S., & Raik, H. (1994). Case management. Maintaining the balance. (2nd Ed.). Melbourne: CRS Australia and the Australian Government.
   Google Scholar
• Gehrs, M., & Goering, P. (1994). The relationship between the working alliance and rehabilitation outcomes of schizophrenia. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 18(2), 43–54.
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg, R.W., Rollins, A.L., & McNary, S.W. (2004). The Working Alliance Inventory, modification and use with people with serious mental illness in a vocational rehabilitation program. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 27(3), 267–270.
   Google Scholar
• Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma. Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Ringwood, Vic: Penguin Books Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, C., Martin, G., Kosky, R., & O’Hanlon, A. (2000). Early Intervention in the Mental Health of Young People: A Literature Review. Adelaide: The Australian Early Intervention Network for Mental Health in Young People.
   Google Scholar
• EPPIC (2001). Case Management in Early Psychosis: A Handbook. Melbourne: EPPIC.
   Google Scholar
• Kavanagh, D.J., Waghorn, G., Jenner, L., Chant, D.C., Carr, V., Evans, M., Herrman, H., Jablensky, A., & McGrath, J.J. (2004). Demographic and clinical correlates of comorbid substance use disorders in psychosis: multivariate analyses from an epidemiological sample. Schizophrenia Research, 66, 115–124.
   Google Scholar
• National Early Psychosis Project Clinical Guidelines Working Party (1998). Australian Clinical Guidelines for Early Psychosis. Melbourne: National Early Psychosis Project, University of Melbourne.
   Google Scholar
• Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health (2003). Briefing 23. A Window of Opportunity: A Practical Guide for Developing Early Intervention in Psychosis Services. London: The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health.
   Google Scholar
• Resnick, S., Rosenheck, R., & Lehman, A. (2004). An exploratory analysis of correlates of recovery. Psychiatric Services, 55, 540–547.
   Google Scholar
• Rickwood, D. (2004). Pathways of Recovery: Preventing Relapse. Canberra: Department of Health and Ageing.
   Google Scholar
• Bond, G., Salyers, M., Rollins, A., Rapp, C., & Zipple, A. (2004). How evidence-based practices contribute to community integration. Community Mental Health Journal, 40, 569–588.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Government. (2002). Australian Government Disability Services Census. Canberra: Australian Government, Department of Family and Community Services.
   Google Scholar
• Waghorn, G. (2005). Work-Related Subjective Experiences, Work-Related Self-Efficacy and Vocational Status Among Urban Residents with Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder. Doctoral Thesis. Brisbane: The Department of Psychiatry, The University of Queensland.
   Google Scholar